Measurements both at 6.6 R/sub E/ and in the plasma sheet (greater than or equal to 18 R/sub E/) show that high energy substorm-accelerated particles occur preferentially when the solar wind speed (V/sub sw/) is high. Virtually no > 0.3 MeV protons, for example, are observed in association with substorms that occur when V/sub sw/ is < 400 km/sec. On the other hand, the probability of observing high energy protons is very large, both at geostationary orbit and in the plasma sheet, when V/sub sw/ is > 700 km/sec. These results suggest that realtime monitoring of interplanetary conditions could allow simple, effective prediction of high energy magnetospheric particle disturbances. 7 references.

Additional lead operators were needed by the LASL computer operations group. The selection process and criteria are briefly described, and an example of the selection matrix is given. The new lead operators (and others) were in need of a brief course in basic supervision; the outline of the course provided is presented. 2 figures. (RWR)

The application and operation of safeguards instrumentation in a facility containing special nuclear material is most successful when the installation is designed for the operation of the specific facility. Experience at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory demonstrates that installation designs must consider both Safeguards and Production requirements of specific facilities. Equipment selection and installation design influenced by the training and experience of production operations and safeguards personnel at a specific facility help assure successful installation, reliable operation, and minimal operator training. This minimizes impacts on existing plant production activities while maximizing utility of the safeguards information obtained.

The EPIC computer code has been used to analyze the post-fuel-pin-failure behavior in the PBE-5S experiment performed at Sandia Laboratories. The effects of modeling uncertainties on the calculation are examined. The calculations indicate that the majority of the piston motion observed in the test is due to the initial pressurization of the coolant channel by fuel vapor at cladding failure. A more definitive analysis requires improvements in calculational capabilities and experiment diagnostics.

This essay presents elements of the processes used in the fuel cycle steps and gives an indication of the types of equipment used. The amounts of radioactivity released in normal operation of the processes are indicated and related to radiation doses. Types and costs of equipment or processes required to lower these radioactivity releases are in some cases suggested. Mining and milling, conversion of uranium concentrate to UF/sub 6/, uranium isotope separation, LWR fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, transportation, and waste management are covered in this essay. 40 figures, 34 tables. (DLC)

Computers have become an integral part of the control and data acquisition systems of several different fusion experiments in the CTR Division. These systems must (1) monitor and/or control approximately 200 to 1000 signals, (2) process from 40 to 250 diagnostic channels with a maximum plasma discharge repetition rate of once every five minutes, and (3) operate in an electrically noisy environment. Small to medium scale minicomputers interfaced to the experiment through CAMAC modules have been used to meet these requirements. System shielding and grounding have been given special consideration. These systems are also used for on-line data analysis and are linked to the local CTR network User Service Center where additional off-line analysis can be performed.

An air-cooled imaging optical probe, 0.3 m long with a 25.4-mm outside diameter, has been built to provide high resolution viewing of flow regimes in a steam-water environment at 620/sup 0/K and 15.5 MPa. The probe consists of a 3.5-mm-diameter rod lens borescope, surrounded by two coaxial coolant flow channels and two coaxial insulating dead air spaces. With air flowing through the probe at 5.7 g/s, thermal analysis shows that no part of the optical borescope will exceed 366/sup 0/K when the probe is immersed in a 620/sup 0/K environment. The objective lens is protected by a sapphire window which tests have shown can survive over 200 hours in 620/sup 0/K water or steam with negligible loss of resolution and contrast. Condensation on the protective window is boiled off by electrically heating the window. Computer stress analysis, plus actual tests, shows that the probe can operate successfully with conservative safety factors.

The determination of the change in chemical composition of the diluted drill fluid and its separation from the chemical background contributed by the drill fluid, drill mud, and other aquifer leakage is the essence of the chemical log. Samples of the drill fluid were collected for chemical analysis at certain times during the drilling operations. The chemical logging study of the geothermal wells is described. (MHR)

The longitudinal coupling impedance presented by a single wall discontinuity to the circulating beam in a circular accelerator or storage ring is usually analyzed by considering a developed periodic structure. However, the typical parameters are often such that it becomes adequate to treat the discontinuity as a nonperiodic problem. Using modal field matching methods, solutions were derived for the cases of a single as well as a double-step discontinuity in a circular beam tube. Numerical results are presented in this paper and the typical behavior at low frequency, at reasonance, and above cut-off is discussed.

Misfit dislocations in the early stage of epitaxial growth of Pd on Cu at 25/sup 0/C were studied. Three different kinds of misfits dislocations were observed and their Burgers vector were determined. (FS)

The collective properties for the Z approximately greater than 50 transition region were studied via heavy-ion induced ..gamma..-ray experiments using /sup 6/ /sup 7/Li, /sup 10/B, /sup 12/ /sup 13/C, /sup 14/N, and /sup 16/O beams. The high-spin systematics for odd-mass /sup 113 -125/Sb (Z = 51), /sup 115 -127/I (Z = 53), /sup 119 -133/Cs (Z = 55), and /sup 125 -127/La (Z = 57) nuclei were obtained. Two collective features were observed, the first being systematic ..delta..J = 1 bands built on low-lying 1g/sub 9/2/ proton-hole states, and the second systematic ..delta..J = 2 bands built on 2d/sub 5/2/, 1g/sub 7/2/, and 1h/sub 11/2/ quasi-proton states. Unexpected properties were observed. 27 references.

Actinide cross section data at thermonuclear neutron energies are needed for the calculation of ICF pellet center burnup of fission reactor waste, viz. 14 MeV neutron fission of the very long-lived actinides that pose storage problems. A major advantage of pellet center burnup is safety: only milligrams of highly toxic and active material need to be present in the fusion chamber, whereas blanket burnup requires the continued presence of tons of actinides in a small volume. The actinide data tables required for Monte Carlo calculations of the burnup of /sup 241/Am and /sup 243/Am are discussed in connection with typical burnup reactor fusion and fission spectra. 2 figures.

The desire to use TMS 9900 devices in several small control and data acquisition applications without paying for a development system to do it led to the development of several simple, effective techniques for doing TMS 9900 programing and debugging on a TI 980 system. The 980 assembler lends itself easily to the redefinition of operation codes required to assemble programs for the 9900. Also, a simple interconnection between the 980 and the 9900 allows operation of the 9900 and monitoring of the operation of the 980. Finally, special operation codes were developed within the 980 assembler which allow programing of hardware control on the 9900 system via a macro-language tailored to a particular 9900 hardware configuration. 4 figures.

Macroencapsulated PCM cemented within masonry building blocks can markedly increase the effectiveness of an equivalent volume of concrete for use as a mass wall for passive solar applications. Various hydrocarbons and hydrated salts were tested. The test procedure and results are presented and discussed. Of the PCM's tested, the most promising candidate material is calcium chloride hexahydrate. The best performing PCM blocks performed on a par with a massive masonry design. (WHK)

Until recently only the thermal storage wall passive solar heating system had been characterized by thermal network calculators using hour-by-hour historical weather data. The greater popularity and market acceptability of direct gain systems has led to a lively, but inconclusive debate concerning the relative effectiveness of the two configurations. The recent development and validation of PASOLE/SUNSPOT, a thermal network code for direct gain enclosures, has provided the tool necessary for a quantitative comparison. The results of performance analysis calculations for both Trombe wall and direct gain systems in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Madison, Wisconsin, are reported. The comparative analysis includes parametric variation of fundamental design parameters including building load, glazing area, total mass, mass thickness, number of glazings, night insulation value and allowable temperature swing. Thermal comfort within the two generic types of buildings is considered as well as energy efficient performance.

The coupled Fast Reactivity Measurements Facility (CFRMF) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory was used to irradiate coil insulation specimens provided by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Exposure times were chosen as to be representative of expected lifetime doses in the TFTR. Shear bond and flexure tests were performed on irradiated samples; identical unirridated samples were tested as controls. A general loss of strength (10 to 20%) was seen on the majority of specimens.

The current irradiation program of helium-bonded uranium--plutonium carbide elements is achieving its original goals. By August 1978, 15 of the original 171 helium-bonded elements had reached their goal burnups including one that had reached the highest burnup of any uranium--plutonium carbide element in the U.S.--12.4 at.%. A total of 66 elements had attained burnups over 8 at.%. Only one cladding breach had been identified at that time. In addition, the systematic and coordinated approach to the current steady-state irradiation tests is yielding much needed information on the behavior of helium-bonded carbide fuel elements that was not available from the screening tests (1965 to 1974). The use of hyperstoichiometric (U,Pu)C containing approx. 10 vol% (U,Pu)/sub 2/C/sub 3/ appears to combine lower swelling with only a slightly greater tendency to carburize the cladding than single-phase (U,Pu)C. The selected designs are providing data on the relationship between the experimental parameters of fuel density, fuel-cladding gap size, and cladding type and various fuel-cladding mechanical interaction mechanisms.

Microcomputer hardware is being mass marketed which can keep livestock farm records and aid management decision making. Electronic equipment is being sold to automatically control and monitor individual animal feed consumption and milk production. Body temperature can be electronically measured. Agricultural economists should analyze this new technology.

The HVDC superconducting cable, under development at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory will operate at a temperature of 12/sup 0/K and a helium pressure of 1.38 MPa. Because dc breakdown data of dielectric materials at these operating conditions were not previously available, extensive tests were performed on 11 dielectric materials in sheet form. Three of these materials were impregnated with mineral oil, which increased their dc withstand strength significantly. Four of these 11 materials were selected for further tests at varying temperatures and pressures. The dc-breakdown field of cellulose paper (with and without oil impregnation) and PP/C (cellulose paper/polypropylene-cellulose paper) varied as the exponential of the inverse of temperature. For the two polyethylene materials tested, the dc-breakdown strength showed a peak between 12 and 298/sup 0/K. Higher pressure increased the breakdown strength of the materials. Higher pressure or lower temperature also decreased the probability of surface flashover.

Over their life spans, mice and men alike show a 15 to 30% decrease in their minimum, or resting, levels of energy metabolism, and a 50 to 70% decrease in the metabolism of activity. This, together with age-decrements in the capacity to regulate heat loss, makes the old person more susceptible to hypothermia that the young. Two independent relations of length of life to metabolic rate have been found in mice. First, as average metabolic rate increases, survival time decreases, and second, as the fraction of metabolic energy available for activity increases, survival time increases. The second term is the important one, for it is the first experimental support for the efforts to maintain human health and vigor, and to extend life, by means of regimes of exercise and activity. If mice are good models for men in these respects, rapid progress in understanding is possible.

Computational procedures useful during the passive solar design process are discussed. Analysis tools are described suitable for each of the three phases of design: rules of thumb for the concept development phase, quick-and-dirty techniques for the design development phase, and the monthly solar load ratio method for the final design phase. Issues are discussed regarding the role of simulation analysis during the design process.

Evaluation of the degree of internal radiation hazard requires knowledge of the parameters of Kr-85 metabolism in human beings. Data on the rate of saturation and desaturation of the body tissues are required for this estimation. The object of this in vivo study was to characterize the metabolism of inhaled Kr. For this purpose, measurements were made of the distribution and clearance of Kr following inhalation of /sup 79/Kr by the normal subjects. The rate constants determined for /sup 79/Kr were used to calculate the radiation dose associated with exposure to the long-lived /sup 85/Kr. The retention data were obtained with the Brookhaven whole-body counter. The clearance of /sup 79/Kr from the body indicates five components ranging in half-times from 14 sec to 9.6 h. The slowest components, varying between 4.2 and 9.6 h, correlated highly with percent body fat. The long-term retention was localized in regions of high fat content. The stimated radiation dose based on the retention data of this study indicates that doses to body fat and gonads are larger than those estimated by other investigators. This increased estimated dose derives from the increase in retention time of krypton in fat pools.

The setting of any permissible radiation level or guide remains essentially an arbitrary procedure. Based on the radiation risk estimates derived, any lack of precision does not minimize either the need for setting public health policies nor the conclusion that such risks are extremely small when compared with those avialable of alternative options, and those normally accepted by society as the hazards of everyday life. When compared with the benefits that society has established as goals derived from the necessary activities of medical care and energy production, it is apparent that society must establish appropriate standards and seek appropriate controlling procedures which continue to assure that its needs are being met with the lowest possible risks. This implies continuing decision-making processes in which risk-benefit and cost-effectiveness assessments must be taken into account. Much of the practical information necessary for determination of radiation protection standards for public health policy is still lacking. It is now assumed that any exposure to radiaion at low levels of dose carries some risk of deleterious effects. However, how low this level may be, or the probability, or magnitude of the risk, still are not known. Radiation and the public health becomes a societal and political …

Another interpretation of the Centauro event is given in which the primary object initiating the collision is a glob of nuclear matter of very high density. The kinetics of this glob are described, and the experimental implications set forth. Among the latter are the horizontal air shower rate and the mean quark density on earth, both within experimental limits according to the glob interpretation. 7 references. (JFP)