In three alloy systems, AISI 316, the Ni-Al binary system, and the Fe-Cr-Ni ternary system, a relationship exists between the shear modulus of the unirradiated alloys and the resultant swelling observed. An alloying addition which reduces the shear modulus will subsequently reduce the irradiation-induced swelling in a solid solution hardened alloy system. The reduction in swelling is thought to be associated with the void nucleation phase of the swelling phenomenon. Thus, relative high temperature swelling behavior of the solid solution hardened alloys can be described with reasonable certainty from room temperature shear modulus measurement.

The environment near a high voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission line experiences corona effects, including the production of oxidants. Field determination of ozone production rates were made at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) HVdc Test Facility, the Dalles, Oregon, in fall and winter 1977. A novel micrometeorological profiling technique was used to identify sources of ozone plumes. The results indicate that even during precipitation the atmospheric ozone concentrations from HVdc lines at voltages up to +550 kV are relatively small. Measured atmospheric ozone concentration plumes are consistent with laboratory data predictions of ozone concentrations based on corona, line parameters, and ambient dispersion. This confirmation under worst-case field conditions demonstrates the validity of previous estimates of a very low magnitude of the potential ozone effects.

The Terrestrial Effects panel discussed the needed direction and techniques for future research in the terrestrial effects of new coal conversion technologies. Panel members concurred on the need for changes in emphasis, approach, and even attitude in environmental research. The following are the basic perceptions of the panel: Our goal is to provide for environmentally amenable technologies in coal conversion and product distribution, especially focusing on pollutants entering pathways to man. Highest research priority, therefore, should be given to solid wastes, and especially their leachates. A shift in research emphasis is needed. Whereas we have been accustomed to investigating acute effects of pollutants immediately surrounding their source, we should now explore the sublethal, long-term effects of pollutants carried farther from their source. These may in fact become the more dangerous of the two through bioconcentration. Research of this kind should help us to predict deleterious effects before they are felt. Another needed reverse in typical environmental research strategy is to perform biological characterization before source characterization. Time for the needed research is running out. In order to make meaningful progress within a short time frame, we will have to narrow the focus of our research to include only the most …

In summary, analyses have been obtained for approximately 60 elements for sized flyash particles from two coal-fired steam plants. Evaluation of data from the elemental analyses, including the concentration dependence upon particle size, electron microscopy, ESCA, and mass spectrometry suggests a mechanism for formation of the submicron particles in some coal-fired plants. This mechanism involves bursting of larger particles during gas expansion and production of a very large number of very small particles which ultimately form particles in the 0.1 ..mu..m to 1.0 ..mu..m size range by coagulation. The condensation of volatilized material would then proceed concurrently with the bursting and coagulation process. The factors which determine the volatility of trace elements during coal combustion have been examined. While the organic affinities of individual trace elements in coal are likely to play a role, we have been unable to obtain clear verification of this point in initial studies.

Nuclear wastes which are logical candidates for deep geologic disposal include commercial (spent fuel, reprocessing) and defense wastes. It is expected that the 5250 metric tons of spent fuel discharged through the end of 1978 would increase to about 100,000 tons by the end of 2000. The individual characteristics of each waste type (spent fuel, solidified waste, defense wastes) are described in turn. (DLC)

The various mechanisms for atmospheric recovery are discussed, and means by which these pathways can be treated mathematically to formulate models of air quality and pollutant behavior are described. Many of the essentials of atmospheric recovery processes are outlined. The important problems currently at the forefront of wet- and dry-deposition research are also discussed. (JGB)

Snubbing devices are used extensively in nuclear power plant piping to prevent seismic shock forces from causing damaging pipe motions. Most seismic snubbers are designed and load rated by the manufacturer without consideration of attaching structure, unless specifically requested to do so by the purchaser. This paper discusses the additional design constraints imposed by the use of extension struts with the seismic snubbers. The constraints evaluated include load rating reduction as a function of strut length, and strut length limitations to pevent dynamic instability.

Secondary Emission Monitors (SEM) are used for high intensity, high energy beam fluence monitoring of heavy ions. The improved electronics and autozeroing of background noise has extended the useful factor is capacitive changes between the chamber foils, from acoustic and mechanical vibration. Usable levels are in the 10/sup 4/ particles per pulse range for C/sup 6/ ions. The secondary electron yield is proportional to 1/..beta../sup 2/. This gives an increase in yield of about a factor of 25 for injection energies over peak energies at the Bevatron. This enhanced yield has been exploited in designing relative intensity and position monitors that give usable signal levels while intercepting only a small percentage of the injected beam. The detector in this case is a wire grid. The output can be: (1) sum proportional to the beam intensity or as a time profile; (2) Split grids for a right-left monitor; (3) single wire scan for a spatial profile. These monitors give usable signals down to a level of 0.01 to 0.1 ..mu..A of injected beam.

Papers presented are grouped under the following topics: noble gas separation, damage control, aerosols, test methods, new air cleaning technology from Europe, open-end, and filtration. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper.

A typical diagonal braced steel frame was developed to determine the amount of reserve capacity that is available beyond elastic design levels. The frame was analyzed first using elastic static and dynamic analyses. The loadings included dead and live load, an equivalent static lateral earthquake load, two response spectra and a suite of eight earthquake time history records. The response spectra used were the Housner and Regulatory Guide 1.60. The time histories represented different site conditions, distances to causative faults and magnitudes. The lateral static load and Housner spectrum represent vintage design criteria, while the R.G. 1.60 and time history analyses reflect current methodology. The elastic limit responses of the structure were determined along with the accompanying threshold peak ground accelerations (threshold g values). The frame was then analyzed using the program DRAIN-2D to perform two-dimensional elastic--plastic analyses for the eight time histories.

The scheme for minimization of the rms orbit errors in ISR and SPEAR will be used to correct the closed orbit errors in PEP. The effectiveness of this scheme has been studied for some alignment and field errors in the PEP magnets and position monitors. It has been found for orbit correction system in PEP consisting of 48 correctors and 96 monitors, both horizontal and vertical orbits can be kept below 0.5 mm rms values even allowing for a position monitor alignment error of 0.5 mm rms. This method of correction has also been found to be usable to reduce the rms value of the vertical dispersion without appreciably affecting the corrected orbits. The result of this study is presented.

A comparison of some features of the three tokamaks is given. The ORMAK and ISX-A have ceased operation. The ISX-B has completed a checkout phase with studies of circular, ohmically heated plasmas in which it performed much like ISX-A. Shaped and injection heated plasmas are being studied. Diagnostics for mode structures were the usual Mirnov loops for approx.B/sub theta/ and collimated soft x-ray detectors for the internal fluctuations approx.X. The approx.X measurements on ISX-A, and thus far on ISX-B, used only a single x-ray channel which veiwed vertically across the center of a minor cross section. Multiple channels were used on ORMAK in a fashion which permitted m number determinations at several plasma radii. For detailed studies, analog signals were stored on magnetic tape and later digitized for fast Fourier transform analysis.

Separate abstracts have been prepared for the individual papers presented at the seminar. (TFD)

Europium boride pellets with 92% of theoretical density were prepared by hot-pressing. By ball milling the starting powder, hot-pressing temperature could be reduced to 1700/sup 0/C. The lower hot-pressing temperature provided better control over final density and gave a more desirable microstructure.

At SLAC there has been a continuous need for the injection of very short bunches of electrons into the accelerator. Several time-of-flight experiments have used bursts of short pulses during a normal 1.6 micro-second rf acceleration period. Single bunch beam loading experiments made use of a short pulse injection system which included high power transverse beam chopping equipment. Until the equipment described in this paper came on line, the basic grid-controlled gun pulse was limited to a rise time of 7 nanoseconds and a pulse width of 10 nanoseconds. The system described here has a grid-controlled rise time of less than 500 pico-seconds, and a minimum pulse width of less than 1 nanosecond. Pulse burst repetition rate has been demonstrated above 20 MHz during a 1.6 microsecond rf accelerating period. The order-of-magnitude increase in gun grid switching speed comes from a new gun design which minimizes lead inductance and stray capacitance, and also increases gun grid transconductance. These gun improvements coupled with a newly designed fast pulser mounted directly within the gun envelope make possible subnanosecond pulsing of the gun.

An overall view is given of progress and plans for pressing forward with mirror research at Livermore. No detail is given on any one subject, and many interesting investigations being carried out at University laboratories in the U.S. that augment and support efforts at Livermore are omitted.

Papers presented are grouped under the following topics: air cleaning; waste volume reduction and preparation for storage; tritium, carbon-14, ozone; containment of accidental releases; adsorbents and absorbents; and off-gas treatment. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper.

A brief history of Decontamination and Decommissioning (D and D) experience at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory is presented as an introduction to the status of current projects. Details are then presented as an introduction to the status of current projects. Details are then presented on a project to remove sodium from some major components of the Hallam reactor and on the Organic Moderated Reactor Experiment (OMRE) decommissioning project. Cost, schedule, waste volume, and other technical data from these projects are presented. In addition, a brief summary of the future INEL D and D program is presented.

Recent experiments on low-level irradiation during development raise questions relevant to ICRP Publication 26. Mice and monkeys were studied; the measured endpoint was the radiation-induced loss of female germ cells. Three issues are examined. The first is the numerical value of Q (quality factor) appropriate for low-energy beta rays. Comparisons of tritium with gamma radiation were made under conditions of chronic, low-level exposure, and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was found to approach 3. Its bearing on ICRP's recommendations concerning Q applicable to tritium is discussed. Second, female germ cells in squirrel monkeys before birth were discovered to be extraordinarily radiosensitive, more easily destroyed than those of mice. If this holds for other primates too, it has radiation-protection implications hitherto overlooked. Third, the contrast between massive germ-cell loss from chronic exposure in prenatal squirrel monkeys and reported radioresistance of oocytes to acute exposure in rhesus monkeys, unless due to species difference, suggests that during development protracted irradiation may be especially injurious. This also could have important radiation-protection implications and is under investigation. (ERB)

An important objective of the light water reactor pressure vessel (LWRPV) surveillance dosimetry program is to validate and calibrate dosimetry and damage analysis techniques as well as to guide required neutron field calculations that are used to correlate changes in material properties with characteristics of the neutron irradiation field. As part of this activity, the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) performed neutron flux calculations in a model of the light water test reactor of the Nuclear Science and Technology Facility of the State University of New York at Buffalo. The purpose of these calculations was to provide a consistent analysis base for projecting radiation damage produced by one reactor facility to that which would be incurred in another reactor facility.

A serious problem in the development of geothermal energy is the availability of durable and economical materials of construction for handling hot brine and steam. Hot brine and other aerated geothermal fluids are highly corrosive and they attack most conventional materials of construction. Brookhaven National Laboratory has been investigating the use of concrete polymer materials as alternate materials of construction for geothermal processes. To date, successful field tests have been demonstrated at the Geysers, US Bureau of Mines Corrosion Facility, and at the East Mesa Geothermal Facility. This is a survey of field and laboratory evaluations of concrete polymer materials which have been shown to be durable and economical as alternate materials of construction.

A radially directed rotating electron beam can be generated in a circular traveling wave resonator (TWR) sustaining a pure traveling wave. After being accelerated by a dc potential, the beam induces a traveling wave in a concentric output TWR, in which the beam energy is converted to rf with very high efficiency. Results of calculations of drive power and efficiency, as well as special matching and coupling requirements, are reviewed.

The phenomenological analysis of the weak-strong instability for an electron storage ring is developed. The vertical size of the weak beam is found to depend on two machine parameters: {radical}{eta}, which is proportional to {Delta}Q, and b, which depends on the aspect ratio of the strong beam. The model also contains one fitting parameter. Experimental consequences of such dependence are discussed. 5 refs., 7 figs.

This report discusses a computer automated stage and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) system for detecting defects in glass spheres for inertial confinement laser fusion experiments. This system detects submicron defects and permits inclusion of acceptable spheres in targets after examination. The stage used to examine and manipulate the spheres through 4..pi.. steradians is described. Primary image recording is made on a roster scanning video disc. The need for SEM stability and methods of achieving it are discussed.