The absorption spectrum of ErCl/sub 3/ (AlCl/sub 3/)/sub x/ vapor complex was measured and analyzed using the Judd-Ofelt theory. Structural correlations in other AlCl/sub 3/ vapor complexes and radiation emission are discussed. Fluorescence of TbCl/sub 3/ (AlCl/sub 3/)/sub x/ vapor complex and in the NdCl/sub 3/ (AlCl/sub 3/)/sub x/ system were studied. (DLC)

The new Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) facility at LLL requires that neutral beams operate for pulse lengths between 25 and 100 ms. The inevitable increase in cost over the present 12-ms pulse length capability dictated that a more economical alternative to the pulse forming networks and the transformer-type arc filament power supplies currently in use be found. A study of the various alternatives and design requirements revealed that battery banks are the most economical alternative. The thermionic arc filaments have relatively simple power-supply requirements in terms of control and regulation. The battery arc filament power supply controls and electromechanical hardware heat the filaments to provide the electrons which produce the plasma. Component testing revealed problems that must be addressed in the finished production design. The battery arc power supply poses a difficult set of requirements for current control. The TMX requires current control accuracy of +-1.0 percent and rise/fall times of 50 ..mu..s. These requirements are met with a novel thyristor switching circuit. The features of the four-section battery bank design, capable of a total of 4000 A at 58 V dc, are detailed. Control hardware compatible with the current generation of pulse-forming network hardware has been developed. The cost …

The TFTR (TOKAMAK Fusion Test Reactor) TF (Toroidal Field) coil cases are highly loaded structures designed within severe constraints. Foremost among these are basic machine geometry, material characteristics of both the case and the copper/epoxy matrix it supports, and overall cost. Scoping and parametric studies have been performed continuously since conceptual design. The progression of design decisions including coil shape, support locations and their stiffnesses, material selection, and element sizing are described. The significant variables are identified for each of the studies. The current coil case design is presented in detail along with aspects of the design still under consideration. Questions that remain involve the effects of limitations placed upon the coil materials (copper, epoxy) themselves. Resolution of these questions is to be accomplished by development tests of coil elements similar to those in the current design. Two alternate designs have been held in reserve pending completion of the development tests. Each is briefly described as to its basic configuration, potential for improvement, and its effect on the overall device.

Observation of x-ray line emissions are valuable for determining the thermodynamic state of the emitting plasma. For laser produced plasmas, diffraction crystals can be used to isolate x-ray monochromes to obtain high resolution spectral measurements. We will describe a versatile multi-crystal high resolution spectrograph used for photon energies from 0.5 to 6 keV. We will discuss a calculational package that tunes the response and sensitivity of the instrument and estimates the effect of source extent on spectral resolution. A scheme using fine slits to obtain spatial resolution with the basic instrument will also be described. An instrument is being built for Shiva diagnostics that incorporates a diffraction crystal and an x-ray streak camera. The design rationale for the crystal stage will be discussed.

Nuclear chemistry techniques have been employed in an attempt to measure the density of high compression laser fusion targets. Radioactive /sup 28/Al atoms formed in the /sup 28/Si(n,p)/sup 28/Al reaction arising from the interaction of the 14 MeV neutrons with the silicon atoms in the glass microsphere have been counted at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory using a ..beta..-..gamma.. coincidence method. The detection system that is employed allows activities corresponding to 100 aluminum atoms to be measured. From the observed number of activated atoms, neutron yields, and code calculations, information on the density of the compressed fuel can be obtained. This method is particularly valuable when the target compression becomes great enough to prohibit previously employed diagnostic techniques to be used. In addition, technique which utilizes a radioactive tracer to measure the isotropy of the target debris blowoff will also be discussed.

Use of the tilt-pour melt-caster makes distinct improvements in the cesium encapsulation process. Compared to the vacuum castings system now in use, the tilt-pour equipment requires no reliance on heat-traced transfer lines, less sealing pressure for capsule filling, is less corrosive to capsules and is easier to repair. From the results of the extensive development program, it is concluded that the tilt-pour melt-caster can be operated to meet the cesium encapsulation production and maintenance requirements.

Synthesis of new classes of ternary superconducting materials has led to compounds which also show a strong tendency toward magnetic order when one of the constituent elements is a rare earth. Powder neutron diffraction data on superconducting (T/sub s/ approximately 6 K) samples of ErMo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ taken in the temperature range 0.05 to 2.0 K show that magnetic Bragg peaks develop at T/sub M/ = 1.1 K, in agreement with specific heat studies. However, it is not possible to index these new reflections using a simple antiferromagnetic unit cell based on the ErMo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ lattice. It is also not possible to index the magnetic reflections based on a single modulation vector, or with a modulation vector along a high symmetry direction including higher order harmonics. Thus either the long range magnetic order corresponds to a more complicated magnetic structure in the ErMo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ lattice, or at least some of the peaks develop in impurity phases. These results are compared with the recent neutron data on the reentrant superconductors HoMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ and ErRh/sub 4/B/sub 4/, in which the development of ferromagnetic order is clearly shown to be responsible for quenching the superconductivity.

Blow-sand mounds or miniature sand dunes and mounds created by burrowing activities of animals were investigated by the Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG) to determine the influence of mounds on plutonium, americium, and uranium distributions and inventories in areas of the Nevada Test Site and Tonopah Test Range. Those radioactive elements were added to the environment as a result of safety experiments of nuclear devices. Two studies were conducted. The first was to estimate the vertical distribution of americium in the blow-sand mounds and in the desert pavement surrounding the mounds. The second was to estimate the amount or concentration of the radioactive materials accumulated in the mound relative to the desert pavement. Five mound types were identified in which plutonium, americium, and uranium concentrations were measured: grass, shrub, complex, animal, and diffuse. The mount top (that portion above the surrounding land surface datum), the mound bottom (that portion below the mound to a depth of 5 cm below the surrounding land surface datum), and soil from the immediate area surrounding the mound were compared separately to determine if the radioactive elements had concentrated in the mounds. Results of the studies indicate that the mounds exhibit higher concentrations of plutonium, …

The current interrupting capacity of air blast and SF/sub 6/ breakers is reviewed for application in tokamak ohmic-heating circuits. Particular attention is paid to generator breakers for their large current interrupting capacity and suitability for ohmic-heating circuits.

The vacuum system for Heavy Ion Fusion machines can be divided according to pressure into 4 parts: (a) Ion Sources; (b) Linear Accelerators; (c) Circular Accelerators, Accumulators and Storage Rings; and (d) Reactors. Since ion sources will need rather conventional pumping arrangements and reactors will operate with greater pressures, depending on their mode of operation, only items b and c will be treated in this report. In particular, the vacuum system design will be suggested for the machines proposed by various scenarios arrived at during the workshop. High mass numbers will be assumed.

Investigations were undertaken to determine whether heated waters facilitate the proliferation of free-living amoeba that cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Water samples were taken close to the discharges of power plants situated on lakes or rivers in Florida and Texas and from cooling towers in Tennessee. The water temperatures ranged from 29 to 42/sup 0/C. Water samples were also taken from several lakes in Florida and Texas without associated power plants. The water temperatures of these ranged from 30/sup 0/ to 34/sup 0/C. Twenty-five-250-ml samples were filtered through membranes. Samples taken from the control lakes and cooling towers showed no growth of pathogenic amoeba, whereas growth was obtained from 2 of the 8 lakes and rivers in Florida and from 1 of the 7 man-made lakes in Texas that were artificially heated. The amoebae were identified as belonging to the genus Naegleria from their trophozoite and cyst structure, ability to grow at 45/sup 0/C, to transform into flagellates, and to produce primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAME) in mice after intranasal instillation. Their identification as N. fowleri was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent analysis with antiserum produced against N. fowleri. These findings indicate that artificial heating of waters may facilitate the growth of pathogenic …

A model for the physics of exploding pusher targets is presented which compares favorably with the predictions of the complex simulation code, LASNEX.

A few representative electron-transfer reactions are selected and their kinetic parameters compared with the predictions of activated complex models. Since Taube has presented an elegant treatment of intramolecular electron-transfer reactions, emphasis is on bimolecular reactions. The latter electron-transfer reactions are more complicated to treat theoretically since the geometries of their activated complexes are not as well known as for the intramolecular case. In addition in biomolecular reactions, the work required to bring the two reactants together needs to be calculated. Since both reactants generally carry charges this presents a non-trivial problem at the ionic strengths usually used to study bimolecular electron transfer.

The microscopic theory of Sinha and Harmon for electronically driven lattice instabilities is used to explain the ''Kohn-like'' anomalies in the ..sigma../sub 1/ phonon branch and the observed incommensurate superlattice Bragg peak in 2H-NbSe/sub 2/, characteristic of the charge density wave at low temperatures in the neutron scattering experiments of Moncton et al. In accordance with the APW and LCAO band-structure calculations of Mattheiss of 2H-NbSe/sub 2/, the presence of three narrow d bands of atomic symmetry xy, x/sup 2/-y/sup 2/ and 3z/sup 2/-r/sup 2/ at the Fermi level is assumed. Thus the conduction-band wave function is represented by a linear combination of tight-binding Gaussian atomic orbitals with neglect of the variation of the radial wave function across the bands. The screened electron-ion interaction and the Coulomb energy of the charge fluctuation on the d shells of Nb atoms is represented by a pseudopotential screened by the Lindhard dielectric function. The phonon eigenvectors needed for estimating the electron-phonon interaction were calculated using a simple force constant model. In agreement with the experimental results, it was found that the phonon frequencies for the ..sigma../sub 1/ and ..sigma../sub 3/ branches are very strongly renormalized as one approaches the zone boundary. By introducing …

The computer program PTA-1 performs pressure-transient analysis of large piping networks using the one-dimensional method of characteristics applied to a fluid-hammer formulation. The effect of elastic-plastic deformation of piping on pulse propagation is included in the computation. Each pipe is modeled as a series of rings, neglecting axial effects, bending moments, and inertia. The fluid wave speed is a function of pipe deformation and, consequently, of position and time. Comparison with existing experimental data indicate that this simple fluid-structure interaction model gives suprisingly accurate results for both pressure histories in the fluid and strain histories in the piping.

The use of diffusion theory for the prediction of power production near a reactor core-blanket interface and the assumption that gammas are absorbed in situ can lead to substantial errors. This is primarily due to the breakdown of Fick's law for neutron diffusion near the core-blanket boundary, and the gamma leakage from the core into the blanket. These considerations are more pronounced in a situation where a large number of internal blanket assemblies are present, such as in the large heterogeneous core designs. The power distribution is studied for both fission and gamma heating in a large heterogeneous LMFBR with 3 core zones separated by 2 internal blanket zones. Comparisons are made between diffusion and transport theory for neutronics calculations, and between in-situ absorption and rigorous transport theory calculation for gamma heating.

Recommendations of a committee for a new standard to meet needs of new high-energy physics experiments are summarized in a nontechnical manner. Existing standards, including CAMAC, were examined; it was felt that none would meet the future needs of high-energy physics. The original committee gave its recommendations and disbanded. The design committee has begun its work; it anticipates finishing in about two years, in time for application of its recommendations to ISABELLE. (RWR)

Seventeen papers are included. A separate abstract was prepared for each for Energy Research Abstracts (ERA); eight are included in Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis (EAPA). (MHR)

A coupled heat conduction and fluid flow method of solution was presented for cryogenic stability analysis of cabled composite superconductors of large scale magnetic coils. The coils are cooled by forced flow supercritical helium in parallel flow channels. The coolant flow reduction in one of the channels during the spontaneous recovery transient, after the conductor undergoes a transition from superconducting to resistive, necessitates a parallel channel analysis. A way to simulate the parallel channel analysis is described to calculate the initial channel inlet flow rate required for recovery after a given amount of heat is deposited. The recovery capability of a NbTi plus copper composite superconductor design is analyzed and the results presented. If the hydraulics of the coolant flow is neglected in the recovery analysis, the recovery capability of the superconductor will be over-predicted.

The obligations and conduct of the engineer as a witness in a public hearing are discussed. (TFD)

Nuclear techniques involving relatively penetrating radiation may offer the possibility of non-invasive, continuous on-line instrumental monitoring which is representative of the full process stream. Prompt gamma rays following neutron capture are particularly attractive because the penetrating power of the neutrons and the, typically several MeV, capture gammas makes possible interrogation of material within a pipe. We are evaluating neutron capture gamma techniques for this application, both for elemental composition monitoring and for mass-flow measurement purposes, and this paper will present some recent work on composition analysis by neutron induced gamma spectrometry.

The feasibility of removing soluble organics from oil shale retort water by anaerobic digestion with methane production was experimentally investigated. The following conclusions were made. The retort water studied had to be pretreated to remove toxic and add deficient constituents before it could be successfully treated with the anaerobic fermentation process. Pretreatment included pH adjustment to 7, ammonia reduction, and nutrient addition. A digested sludge from a conventional municipal sewage treatment plant was successfully acclimated to the retort water studied. A major fraction of the organics in the retort water studied was stabilized by conversion to CH/sub 4/ and CO/sub 2/ using the anaerobic fermentation process. BOD/sub 5/ and COD removal efficiences were 76 to 80 percent. The effluent from anaerobic fermentation of the retort water studied (BOD/sub 5/ : 530 to 580 mg/l) may be suitable for treatment by conventional aerobic processes. The growth of the methane formers, which stabilize the organics, is nutrient limited in the retort water studied. The pretreatment of the retort water studied removed 49 percent of the BOD/sub 5/. This was probably due to the reduction in solubility of high molecular weight fatty acids at neutral pHs. A major component removed from the retort …

A brief discussion is given of the possible uses of microchannel plate photomultipliers and multichannel or multianode photodetectors at ISABELLE.

Using the general expression for the ponderomotive Hamiltonian, the quasi-static quasi-neutral density change caused by the ponderomotive force of a cold magnetoplasma wave of arbitrary frequency and polarization is obtained. This formula agrees with and extends previous results for unmagnetized and magnetized plasma.