Coded aperture techniques, because of their efficiency and three-dimensional information content, represent potentially powerful tools for LMFBR safety experiment diagnostics. These techniques should be even more powerful if the data can be interpreted in real time or in pseudo real time. For example, to satisfy the stated goals for LMFBR diagnostics (1-ms time resolution and 1-mm spatial resolution), it is conceivable that several hundred frames of coded data would be recorded. To unscramble all of this information into reconstructed images could be a laborious, time-consuming task. A way to circumvent the tedium is with the use of the described hybrid digital/analog real-time imaging system. Some intermediate results are described briefly.

Two methods are described to improve the predictive capability of the frequency-modified fatigue equations for time-dependent fatigue. These built-on the earlier approach and are applicable to severely unbalanced hysteresis loops. Comparisons made with various wave-shape investigations show favorable results. A new form of hysteresis loop is introduced utilizing frequency separation concepts. 4 tables, 11 fig.

The strontium and cesium fractions separated from high radiation level wastes at Hanford are converted to the solid strontium fluoride and cesium chloride salts, doubly encapsulated, and stored underwater in the Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility (WESF). A capsule contains approximately 70,000 Ci of /sup 137/Cs or 70,000 to 140,000 Ci of /sup 90/Sr. Materials for fabrication of process equipment and capsules must withstand a combination of corrosive chemicals, high radiation dosages and frequently, elevated temperatures. The two metals selected for capsules, Hastelloy C-276 for strontium fluoride and 316-L stainless steel for cesium chloride, are adequate for prolonged containment. Additional materials studies are being done both for licensing strontium fluoride as source material and for second generation process equipment.

An explosion in a space causes an increase in temperature and pressure. To quantify the challenge that will be presented to essential components in a ventilation system, it is necessary to analyze the dynamics of a shock wave generated by an explosion, with attention directed to the propagation of such a wave in a duct. Using the equations of unsteady flow and shock tube theory, a theoretical model has been formulated to provide flow properties behind moving shock waves that have interacted with various changes in duct geometry. Empirical equations have been derived to calculate air pressure, temperature, Mach number, and velocity in a duct following an explosion.

An overview of present operations concerned with the management of Hanford-generated high-level radioactive wastes is presented. Interim storage, leak experience, costs, and program operations are discussed. (LK)

A preliminary partial wave analysis of K/sup -/p elastic and charge-exchange scattering is reported. The y/sup +/ resonant amplitudes are listed, and the Argand diagrams are shown. (JFP)

The two main purposes of this work were to learn (a) if rotational diffusion can be seen along with translational, and (b) is (x(T)/sup 2/) unusual as the sample is heated from a glass to a liquid. Our observations show that (a) rotational molecular diffusion is not likely ever to be observed by quadrupole relaxation and (b) that there is indeed a fast increase in (x/sup 2/) above T/sub g/. This increase is correlated with a rapid and linear increase of the number of ''soft modes'' for the liquid above the glass transition temperature.

The coloring of NBS 710 glass has been studied using a new facility for making optical absorption measurements during and after electron irradiation. The induced absorption contains three Gaussian shaped bands. The color center growth curves contain two saturating exponential and one linear components. After irradiation the coloring decays and can be described by three decreasing exponentials. At room temperature both the coloring curve plateau and coloring rate increase with increasing dose rate. Coloring measurements made at a fixed dose rate but at increasing temperature indicate: (1) the coloring curve plateau decreases with increasing temperature and coloring has not been observed at 400/sup 0/C; (2) the plateau is reached more rapidly as the temperature increases; (3) the decay occurring after irradiation cannot be described by Arrhenius kinetics. At each temperature the coloring can be explained by simple kinetics. The temperature dependence of the decay can be explained if it is assumed that the thermal untrapping is controlled by a distribution of activation energies.

The current nuclear methods which can be used for the analysis of inorganic pollutants or tracers, including radioactive species in sediments and in their associated atmospheric and aqueous media are summarized. Nuclear techniques allow many trace elements to be analyzed in the ppM to ppB range in both field and laboratory experiments. For direct in situ field measurements, techniques of x-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis are discussed. Direct instrumental techniques, as well as chemical procedures enhancing their effectiveness, are discussed as they are applied in laboratory analysis. Radioactive pollutants or tracers can be measured through radiative emissions under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, a few disintegrations per minute can be measured in thousand-gallon water volumes through the use of preanalysis concentration methods. Laboratory instrumentation discussed includes x-ray fluorescence analyzers, total absorption gamma ray spectrometry, multidimensional coincidence gamma ray spectrometry, multidimensional gamma ray spectrometry with beta coincidence, dual Ge(Li) anticoincidence shielded systems, as well as single Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl)-Ge(Li) coincidence gamma ray spectrometers. Detection sensitivities for radioisotopes from fallout and those produced by neutron activation analysis methods are presented.

The main deficiencies in our existing scientific data base that make the formulation of air quality standards a difficult task are summarized. It is pointed out that there are a large number of pollutants in the air, most of which are not measured, many of which are not even identified, let alone tested for toxicity on animals. These pollutants interact in the atmosphere and in the body. Some of them act as co-factors for biological reactions; others have synergistic effects. Our measurements of pollutants are known to be of limited precision and accuracy: The representativeness of our measurements in terms of population exposures has not been adequately investigated. Suitable methods of controlling for other factors that might confound the relationship between pollution and health, such as weather, urbanicity, demographic factors, etc., have not been adequately tested.

Numerical codes have been developed for the description of the nonlinear evolution of tearing modes in tokamaks. The m = 1 mode is observed to continue rapid growth in the nonlinear regime, producing significant changes on a time scale consistent with the experimentally observed minor disruption. The double tearing mode associated with a hollow current profile also continues rapid growth in the nonlinear regime, and thus may play a significant role in the anomalous current penetration during the early stages of a tokamak discharge. Single magnetic islands with m greater than or equal to 2, on the other hand, cease exponential growth upon entering the nonlinear regime and saturate shortly thereafter. A model for the saturation processes is presented. Modifications due to thermal transport are discussed.

Tritium containment and removal problems associated with the blanket and power-systems for a mirror fusion reactor are identified and conceptual process designs are devised to reduce emissions to the environment below 1 Ci/day. The blanket concept development proceeds by starting with this emission goal of 1 Ci/day and working inward to the blanket. At each decision point, worker safety, operational labor costs, and capital cost tradeoffs are contrasted. The conceptual design uses air for the reactor hall with a continuous catalytic oxidizer-molecular sieve adsorber cleanup system to maintain a 40 ..mu..Ci/m/sup 3/ tritium level (5 ..mu..Ci/m/sup 3/ HTO) against 180 Ci/day leakage from reactor components, energy recovery systems, and process piping. This blanket contains submodules with Li/sub 2/Be/sub 2/O/sub 3/--Be for tritium breeding and submodules with Be for mostly energy production. Tritium production in both is handled by separately containing this breeding material and scavenging this container with lithium vapor-doped helium gas stream.

The NSM Handbook is a multi-volume document being compiled on a continuing basis to meet the broad materials data requirements of those involved in the development of advanced nuclear energy systems. The present focus of the Handbook is upon nuclear systems that have not yet achieved commercial status, with near-term emphasis on the nation's Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Program. Actual use of the Handbook extends to other advanced nuclear concepts sharing the same needs, and to many nonnuclear engineering activities as well.

Plasma confinement and neutral beam injection heating were investigated on the Oak Ridge Tokamak (ORMAK) plasma with improved plasma parameters due to higher injection power (to 360 kW), discharge current (to 220 kA) and toroidal field (to 26 kG). With increasing injection power up to 360 kW with otherwise constant operational parameters, the central ion temperature increased roughly linearly from 0.7 keV to 1.8 keV. The scaling of ion temperature with injection power and plasma density reasonably agrees with theoretical predictions based on neoclassical ion heat conduction and classical beam energy transport.

An important consideration in the design and construction of large, high-field, superconducting magnets is the capability to fabricate reliable, high-strength, low-resistance joints. A process for joining NbTi, copper stabilized, superconducting composites by ultrasonic welding is described. This process yields a joint strength comparable to that of the superconducting composite and a resistivity significantly lower than achieved by conventional soft soldering. The superconducting properties of the composite are not affected by the joining process. Scarfing the joint to maintain a constant conductor cross section does not degrade its electrical or mechanical properties. The application of the ultrasonic joining process, including process control, scarfing, and NDT procedures, in the construction of the superconducting magnet (U.S. SCMS) for the joint U. S. -- Soviet MHD program is described.

A collective field accelerator (CFA) was developed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) which operates with a vacuum diode. This diode utilizes a graphite cathode and a dielectric anode that operates with a relativistic electron beam with a ..nu../..gamma.. of approximately 1. Dielectric lenses are used to focus the collectively accelerated electrons and ions which are ejected from a central hole in the anode. The dielectric anode and lenses operate as unoptimized rf cavities which modulate and focus the beam. Diode experiments aimed at directing and stabilizing relativistic plasma filaments have led to appreciably higher ion energy. CFA experiments were conducted with the LLL Pulserad 422 e-beam machine which delivers approximately 2.5 kJ at 1 M volt to the diode in 50 ns. The pertinent results are: maximum proton energy greater than 45 MeV, number of protons approximately 10/sup 14/ per burst, heavy ion energy 7 MeV per nucleon, DD neutrons greater than 10/sup 11/ per burst, p,n neutrons greater than 10/sup 10/ per burst. Of the nuclear reactions which occur, twenty-eight were verified through radionuclide identification using a Ge-Li detector. These nuclides were produced with carbon and fluorine ions impinging on Al, Cu and Ta targets. A large number …

This paper describes the development of an electrical analogue thermal-control model for the ANL-type fast-response calorimeter and its application to a new small sample, analytical-type fast-response calorimeter. This was done to obtain a better understanding of the sources of variations in experimentally-measured sample power. Thermal quantities of temperature, heat flow and heat storage were reduced to electrical analogues so that the whole calorimeter could be modeled and analyzed as an electrical circuit with the thermal parts of the calorimeter treated as a series of lumped-circuit constants. The latest results of this work are discussed.

Alternation of austenitization and austenite + ferrite two-phase decomposition treatment in a cyclic thermal treatment allows the achievement of ultra-fine grain size in steels containing 8-12% Ni. The grain refinement leads to a substantial improvement in cryogenic mechanical properties. The ductile-brittle transition temperature of a ferritic Fe-12Ni-0.25Ti alloy was suppressed to below liquid helium temperature by this grain refinement procedure; the transition temperature of commercial ''9Ni'' cryogenic steel was similarly reduced by combining the grain refinement with a final temper which introduces a small admixture of retained austenite.

The research reported here addresses the microstructural modification of ferritic Fe-Mn alloys to improve low temperature properties. The alloys Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-8Mn-0.2Ti were specifically studied. In the as-quenched condition the alloys have ductile-brittle transition temperatures near -50/sup 0/C and room temperature respectively. The brittleness of Fe-12Mn is due to the intrusion of an intergranular fracture mode; that of Fe-8Mn is due to quasi-cleavage. The transition temperature of the 12Mn alloy may be suppressed by annealing in the two-phase (..cap alpha.. + ..gamma..) range to introduce a distribution of austenite or by grain refinement through deformation processing. In the latter case an excellent combination of strength and toughness is obtained at liquid nitrogen temperature. The 12Mn alloy may not be thermally processed to fine grain size because of the malevolent influence of the epsilon-martensite phase present in the as-quenched structure. No such phase is present in the 8Mn alloy. This alloy may be thermally processed to ultrafine grain size with a concommitant marked improvement in low temperature mechanical properties.

Details of existing superconducting magnet failures are collected and evaluated with regard to future CTR superconducting magnet safety and reliability. Fourteen magnet systems with sixteen failures are presented. These failures are analyzed and categorized as to causative factors (e.g. hot spots, arcing, lead failures, and conductor movement). Responses of the instrumentation and protection systems during these accident situations are also presented. Repairs and present status of the magnets are described. Preliminary conclusions are: the failure rate of existing magnet systems is too high to be tolerable for CTR magnets; although failure analyses of present systems can be used as a reference for future CTR magnet safety design, the prediction of successful operation of CTR magnet systems represents a significant extrapolation from the experiences accumulated so far; much development work and repeated testing of magnet system components and sub-systems are required.

The study is part of an analytical investigation on the applicability of the simplified ratchetting and creep-fatigue rules to LMFBR component geometry. Both the detailed inelastic rules and the simplified elastic rules are applied to the results obtained from a three-dimensional finite element analysis of the nozzle-to-cylinder intersection. The results of both evaluations are compared at several locations on the surface, and an assessment of the degree of conservatism of the simplified methods is discussed.

A numerical simulation of a tornado interfacing with a building was undertaken in order to compare the pressures due to a rotational unsteady wind with that due to steady straight winds currently used in design of nuclear facilities. The numerical simulations were performed on a two-dimensional compressible hydrodynamics code. Calculated pressure profiles for a typical building are then subjected to a tornado wind field and the results are compared with current quasisteady design calculations. The analysis indicates that current design practices are conservative.

A time-of-flight (TOF) atom-probe field-ion microscope (FIM) designed for the study of defects is described. This atom probe features: (1) a variable magnification internal-image-intensification system; (2) a liquid-helium goniometer stage; (3) a low-energy (less than or equal 3 keV) gas-ion gun for in-situ irradiations; (4) an ultra-high vacuum (approximately 3.10/sup -10/ torr) chamber; (5) a high vacuum (approximately 10/sup -6/ torr) specimen-exchange device; (6) a Chevron ion detector; and (7) an eight-channel digital timer with a +-10 nsec resolution for measuring the TOFs. The entire process of applying the evaporation pulse to the specimen, measuring the voltages, and analyzing the TOF data is controlled by a computer. With this system we can record and analyze 600 TOFmin. Results on unirradiated specimens of molybdenum, tungsten, W/25 at. % Re, Mo/1.0 at. % Ti, Mo/1.0 at. % Ti/0.08 at. % Zr and a special low swelling stainless steel alloy (LS1A) demonstrate the instrument's ability to quantitatively determine concentrations at the 5.10/sup -4/ at fr level and to determine their spatial distribution with a resolution of a few angstroms.

Various data on charmed meson resonances are discussed including decay modes, masses, widths, mass differences, matrix elements, branching ratios, cross sections, and the Dalitz plot. (JFP)