The elements of the environment relating to transportation and handling include temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, humidity, pressure, shock, and vibration. While each of these deserves consideration, the latter two, shock and vibration, are perhaps the least understood. The report discusses all of these elements, but concentrates largely on shock and vibration. Emphasis is upon the necessity of understanding both the product and the environment. To that end, descriptions of the environment which have been derived statistically are discussed. Land, sea, and air transport are considered. Current knowledge of the handling environment is indicated.

This compendium presents data on geothermal resources for all those western states with geothermal potential. Individual sections, which have been processed separately for inclusion in the EDB data base, are devoted to each of the following states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. A separate section is also devoted to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Imperial Valley Project. Maps and references are included for each section. (JGB)

Nine papers are included. Individual papers were previously indexed for EDB. (MHR)

We have investigated the preequilibrium kinetics of the L-isoleucine activation reaction catalyzed by Ile-tRNA synthetase in the presence of a fluorescent reporter group, 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate, using the stopped-flow technique. It is found that of all the reactants involved, L-isoleucine binds slowest to the enzyme, apparently in a two-step process. The kinetics of the reaction are invariant in the presence of co-reactants, whereas the kinetics for ATP are drastically changed in the presence of Mg{sup 2+} ions. The formation of enzyme bound L-isoleucyl {approx} AMP is conveniently followed at dilute concentrations. The value for the rate constant of formation was determined to be 135 sec{sup -1} and of the reverse process to be 670 sec{sup -1} at pH 8.0 25 C. These values are considerably higher than the rate constant 15 sec{sup -1} of the dissociation reaction for L-isoleucine. The value of the kinetically defined equilibrium constant between the ternary Michaelis-Menten complex and the ternary enzyme-product complex indicates that, at equilibrium, the Michaelis-Menten complex is favored. The effect of temperature has been determined, and a tentative interpretation of the thermodynamic parameters is offered. The zero standard enthalpy and positive entropy for binding of L-isoleucine is consistent with hydrophobic interactions, whereas the enzyme-ligand …

The theory of coherent transverse oscillations of two particle species is extended to include strong species-species and image forces. It is shown that in general the species-species force can considerably alter the instability threshold. Conversely, it is shown that the limit on the performance of an electron ring accelerator imposed by the requirement of stable ion electron oscillations, is not significantly improved by the inclusion of images.

Previous work on generalizations of the ABFST multiperipheral model is extended to allow for vector meson exchange. The intercept of the Pomeranchon pole, the magnitude of asymptotic total cross sections and off-shell corrections to them are calculated.

The process is under development at Mound Laboratory to remove radioactive waste (principally plutonium-238) from process water prior to discharge of the water to the Miami river. The contaminated water, as normally received, is at a pH between 6 and 90. Under these conditions, plutonium in all its oxidation states is hydrolyzed; however, the level of the radioactive solids varies from about 50ppm down to about 50 ppb and the plutonium remains in a colloidal or subcolloidal condition. The permissible concentration for discharge to the river is about 50 parts per trillion. Pilot plant test show that 95-99% of the radioactive material is removed by adsorption on diatomaceous earth. The remainder is removed by passage through a bed of either dibasic or tribasic calcium phosphate. Ground phosphate rock is equally effective in removing the radioactive material if the flow rate is controlled to permit sufficient contact time. Parameters for optimizing the process are now under study. Future plans include application of the process to wastes from reactor fuels reprocessing.

From meeting on new developments in reactor physics and shieiding calculations; Lake Kiamesha, New York, USA (12 Sep The temperature coefficient of the HTOR is composed of a strong negative Doppler coefficient and a positive moderator coefficient, the net effect being about -10 x 10/sup -5// deg C at operating temperature. the positive moderator coefficient is a result of the absence of significant density coefficients and the nuclear characteristics of U- 233. In addition, selected iission products, principally Xe-135, contribute positive components to the temperature coefficient. Current estimates of the value of the temperature coefficient in the HTGR are presented along with recent experimental data pertinent to the subject. (11 references) (auth)

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The nature of two simultaneous processes is analyzed in detail. It is found that the experimental activation enthalpy increases with temperature for parallel processes and decreases with temperature for consecutive processes. Similarly the activation volume increases with pressure for consecutive processes and decreases with pressure for parallel processes. The creep rate stress exponent increases with stress for parallel processes and decreases with stress for consecutive processes. Each activation parameter is the weighted average of the corresponding ones for the individual processes. Several ways are indicated for the determination of individual activation parameters. The nature of three and four simultaneous processes is discussed briefly. When several processes are operating simultaneously, one of them may be rate controlling under certain conditions. This rate-controlling process may change with deformation parameters and a transition'' can be defined. The relation between transition parameters and the construction of deformation mechenism diagrams are also discussed. (auth)

From European conference on irradiation embrittlement and creep in fuel cladding and core components; London, UK (9 Nov Theoretical models for the deformation of metals subjected simultaneously to external loads and fast-neutron irradiation are discussed. The following models have been analyzed in detail: dislocation climb; climb controlled glide; and nucleation, growth, and unfaulting of dislocation loops. It is shown that the strains produced only by the climb of dislocations are equal to the isotropic swelling strains plus the thermal creep strains due to climb of dislocations. No irradiation-induced creep results from the climb of dislocations or growth of loops. The climb controlled glide of dislocations is a viable irradiation creep mechanism for low fluences at all temperatures or for all fluences at high temperatures. At low temperatures the hardening occurs by the elastic interaction of loops and dislocations. It is shown that the climb controlled glide of dislocations through the loop structure can explain the transient irradiation creep behavior. Steady-state creep, however, at low temperatures is explained by the stressaffected nucleation of dislocation loops. Comparison of the theoretical prediction with the experimental results suggests that stress not only influences the orientation of the loop nuclei but also enhances the interstitial …

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From 11th international symposium on free radicals; Berchtesgaden, F.R. Germany (4 Sep 1973). The results of a preliminary study of the interactions of positronium with nitrobenzene and ontho, meta, and para derivatives of nitrotoluene and dinitrobenzene in benzene solutions are reported. Distinct differences in the rate constants for the reaction of positronium with the organic molecules were observed for the various systems, and an attempt was made to correlate these changes to certain molecular parameters and to the effects of steric interactions in these molecules. (JFP)

From symposium on noble gases; Las Vegas, Nevada, USA (24 Sep 1973). Exposures of rats, mice, and hamsters for 90 hours per week to radon daughters nanging from 2000 to 8500 WL, with and without 18 mu g per liter uranium ore dust, caused marked lifeshortening in all three species. Marked reduction in body weights occurred in all three species, with weight losses of 30 to 50% of control animal values in all species after 31/2 months of exposures. Mice exposed to radon daughters and ore dust were particularly susceptible in terms of mortality, although the lungs of these animals showed very little pathological change. Classical radiation pneumonitis with alveolar septal fibrosis and occasional bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia were the predominant deep lung lesions seen in all species. In contrast to hamsters exposed 30 hours per week to 1200 WL of radon daughters and uranium ore dust, proportionately more of the pathology was seen in the upper respiratory tracts of the hamsters in the present study. The contrast between markedly affected trachea and major bronchi vs. relatively little effects in deep lung was most evident in rats. Findings of severe suppurative laryngitis and bronchitis were frequent in rats, and may have …

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From thirteenth international congress of genetics; Berkeley, Ca1ifornia, USA (20 Aug 1973). The specific-locus method was used to investigate the effect of various biological and physical factors on radioinduced mutation frequency at a sample of seven gene loci of mice. The biological factors include sex, cell stage, and the interval between irradiation and fertilization. The physical factors include radiation dose, dose rate, dose fractionation, and radiation quality. It is suggested that the studies be extended to determine the effects of the various biological and physical factors on mutation frequency at low radiation dose rates in mouse spermatogonia and dictyate oocytes; investigations on the actual nature and effect of the individual mutations induced by radiation; and studies on the nature, extent, and persistence of the actual anatomical and physiologica1 damage expressed in the descendents of irradiated populations. (CH)

From joint power generation conference; New Orleans, Louasiana, USA (16 Sep 1973). The High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) fuel recycle operation is described. The description includes the HTGR spent fuel shipping system and the proposed method of reprocessing the spent fuel to recover the bred /sup 233/U and /sup 235/U. The process for refabricating the recovered fuel into recycle fuel is also discussed. (auth)

From effects of neutron irradiation upon cell function conference; Munich, F. R. Germany (22 Oct 1973). Improvements in neutron dosimetry and additional information about the effects of neutrons caused renewed interest in fast neutrons for cancer therapy. The availability of encapsulated /sup 252/Cf has introduced the need for data on the response of normal tissues that are at risk during an intracavitary exposure to a /sup 252/Cf implant. The anatomical characteristics of the Hanford Miniature Swine make them useful for studies to determine the short- and long-term effects of intracervically implanted /sup 226/ Ra or /sup 252/Cf. Capsules containing 50 mg Ra or 50 mu g Cf were inserted in the cervix with a tandem applicator by an after-loading technique. Therrmoluminescent dosimeters were attached to organs adjacent to the sources during laparotomy in some animals. The Ra pigs received a fractionated dose calculated as 7,000 to 14,000 rad at a point 2 cm lateral to the source. The Cf swine received between 2,000 and 6,000 rad. Pigs were either killed weekly to determine the early changes or brought to autopsy later because of delayed effects. Others are being killed from 1 to 3 yr after treatment for studies of long-terna …

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