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Address of Judge C. Ross Hume (open access)

Address of Judge C. Ross Hume

Article is an address given by Judge C. Ross Hume to dedicate the landmark where the Five Civilized Tribes agreed to form an Indian Confederacy of the Plains.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Lewis, Anna & Hume, C. Ross
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Ahpeahtone, Kiowa - A Bit of History (open access)

Ahpeahtone, Kiowa - A Bit of History

Article details a trip undertaken by the last chief of the Kiowa tribe, Ahpeahtone, to locate a self-proclaimed prophet during the "Messiah Craze." This prophet spoke of the return to the old times of buffalo and peace.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Methvin, J. J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Ancient Irrigation Ditches on the Plains (open access)

Ancient Irrigation Ditches on the Plains

Article examines an ancient canal located in the mountainous region within the Oklahoma panhandle, southwestern Kansas, and the Texas panhandle. This canal is believed to have been built by Indigenous tribes prior to colonization,
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Thoburn, Joseph B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Aunt Eliza of Tahlequah (open access)

Aunt Eliza of Tahlequah

Article chronicles the life of Eliza Missouri Bushyhead, a prominent teacher at the Cherokee Female Seminary at Tahlequah. The article compares her life to her father's, Jesse Bushyhead, who was a missionary based in the Cherokee Nation.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The California Overland Mail Route Through Oklahoma (open access)

The California Overland Mail Route Through Oklahoma

Article details the establishing of a mail route through Oklahoma and Indian Territories during their frontier era. These routes provided mailing services from Texas to California. A first person narrative is given of someone who traveled down one of these routes.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Camp Napoleon (open access)

Camp Napoleon

Article chronicles the events that surrounded Camp Napoleon, a meeting of the Five Civilized Tribes with other Indigenous tribes to form a confederation of protection at the end of the Civil War against aggressions from the Union and the Confederacy.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Lewis, Anna
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Cherokee War Path with Annotations (open access)

The Cherokee War Path with Annotations

Article narrates the events surrounding numerous battles fought between the Cherokee and Creek tribes as they moved across the American west. This narrative is told from the perspective of John Ridge, son of Major Ridge, a Cherokee representative who was killed alongside two other men for signing treaties pertaining to the tribe's removal.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967 & Ridge, John
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chief Opothleyahola (open access)

Chief Opothleyahola

Article documents Chief Opothleyahola's efforts to oppose the selling of Creek lands to the United States federal government.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Meserve, John Bartlett, 1869-1943
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chief Pleasant Porter (open access)

Chief Pleasant Porter

Article details the life of the Principal Chief of the Creek Nation, Pleasant Porter, and his father, John Snodgrass Porter, as the family was adopted into the tribe and worked for the community.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Meserve, John Bartlett, 1869-1943
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Choctaw Academy (open access)

The Choctaw Academy

Article is a continuation of the author's attempts to document the establishment and history of the Choctaw Academy, a mission school dedicated to the education of American Indian youths.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A College Tour to Points of Historic Interest (open access)

A College Tour to Points of Historic Interest

Article details the historic monuments students of the Northeastern State Teachers College visited during their field trip around Oklahoma.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Constitutional Convention (open access)

The Constitutional Convention

Article narrates the author's experience as a delegate at the Eufaula Constitutional Convention. This convention was a meeting of leaders from the Five Civilized Tribes to determine how to secure statehood for the Indian Territory as a separate region from Oklahoma.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Murray, William H.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cornstalk the Shawnee (open access)

Cornstalk the Shawnee

Article details how Chief Cornstalk of the Shawnee tribe lead multiple rebellions against the United States as a sign of protest for how his people were treated.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Morrison, W. B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Cowboy, The Statue (open access)

The Cowboy, The Statue

Article describes the lifestyle of a cowboy to show the significance of the cowboy statue placed on the state capitol's lawn.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Orner, Frank C.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Dawes Commission (open access)

The Dawes Commission

Article chronicles the impact the Dawes Commission had the Oklahoma Territory and the Indigenous people who called it home. This commission was created through an act of Congress to convince the tribes to cede their lands to the federal government.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Brown, Loren N.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Early History of Spavinaw (open access)

Early History of Spavinaw

Article chronicles how John Rogers established a successful distillery within Cherokee Nation before the region was open to settlement.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Early History of the Creek Indians (open access)

Early History of the Creek Indians

Article chronicles the history of the Creek tribe from the time of Spain's colonization of North America to the beginning of the Civil War.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Morton, Ohland
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 1, March 1931 (open access)

Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 1, March 1931

Article consists of editorials written by staff members of the Chronicles. It includes a look ahead at an article within this issue, a note on the impact of the Great Depression, a note on the articles written by Alvin Rucker, a note on how famous historians have taken creative liberties with retelling history, a biographical sketch of Victor Murdock, and a note of appreciation for the historical society's new building.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Peery, Dan W.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 2, June 1931 (open access)

Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 2, June 1931

Article consists of editorials written by the Chronicles staff. It includes a note of appreciation for the pageant at Tahlequah, a brief explanation of how territorial records are collected in various states, a retelling of the anniversary celebration of the opening of Oklahoma for settling held in various counties around the state, and a telegram sent to the society regarding the opening of the state.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant; Peery, Dan W. & Campbell, Harry
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 4, December 1931 (open access)

Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 4, December 1931

Article consists of editorials written by staff members at the Chronicles. It includes an announcement regarding a previous issue of the magazine, a note on the installation of new bookstacks at the historical society, and a note on the society's work with historical newspapers.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Peery, Dan W. & Campbell, Harry
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorials: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 3, September 1931 (open access)

Editorials: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 3, September 1931

Article consists of editorials written by editors at The Chronicles. It includes an announcement regarding the distribution of the magazine to public schools, an announcement regarding relocating the annual meeting of the society to Tulsa, Oklahoma, and a note regarding the publication of a map of the Cherokee Strip.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Peery, Dan W.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The First Santa Fe Expedition (open access)

The First Santa Fe Expedition

Article describes the attempts made by Spanish conquistadors to reach Santa Fe from Texas before the United States acquired the western part of North America. Included on excerpts from their journals.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Thomas, Alfred B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Great Lottery (open access)

The Great Lottery

Article chronicles the opening of land for settlement within the Kiowa-Comanche and Apache reservations through a land lottery.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Estill, A. Emma
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Historic Spots in the Vicinity of Tuskahoma (open access)

Historic Spots in the Vicinity of Tuskahoma

Article details the historical landmarks around Tuskahoma, Oklahoma. This area housed Fort Towson and was a prominent road pioneers traveled while exploring the American west.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Wright, Muriel H. (Muriel Hazel), 1889-1975
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History