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A College Tour to Points of Historic Interest (open access)

A College Tour to Points of Historic Interest

Article details the historic monuments students of the Northeastern State Teachers College visited during their field trip around Oklahoma.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Necrology, September 1931 (open access)

Necrology, September 1931

Column documenting biographical information about Oklahomans who have died, including Reverend Theodore Frelinghuysen Brewer, the principal at the Asbury Manual School for Creek Indians; Frank Braden Burford, son the a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Oklahoma; Preeman J. McClure, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention; and James Fountain Robinson, a miner and newspaper publisher.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Brewer, T. H.; Hoffman, Roy & Oklahoma Historical Society
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Dawes Commission (open access)

The Dawes Commission

Article chronicles the impact the Dawes Commission had the Oklahoma Territory and the Indigenous people who called it home. This commission was created through an act of Congress to convince the tribes to cede their lands to the federal government.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Brown, Loren N.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Memories of my Childhood Days in the Choctaw Nation (open access)

Memories of my Childhood Days in the Choctaw Nation

Article narrates the life of the author as he grew up in Doaksville, the capitol of the Choctaw Nation, before the start of the Civil War.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Christian, Emma Ervin
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Necrology, December 1931 (open access)

Necrology, December 1931

Column documenting biographical information about Oklahomans who have died, including Robert J. Ray, A. J. Titus, James P. Renfrew, Harry Mayo Dunlap, Charles Henry Bower, Eugene B. Lawson, George A. Fooshee, Andrew Louis Hausam, George A. Trice, and Mrs. Rebecca Harris Colbert.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Conlan, Czarina; D.N.D.; Glass, J. Wood; Muldrow, Edna & Pike, Albert
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Lost History (open access)

Lost History

Article is a poem admiring the structure of a pioneer's home while wondering who built the dwelling.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Edwards, Thomas A.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Great Lottery (open access)

The Great Lottery

Article chronicles the opening of land for settlement within the Kiowa-Comanche and Apache reservations through a land lottery.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Estill, A. Emma
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Aunt Eliza of Tahlequah (open access)

Aunt Eliza of Tahlequah

Article chronicles the life of Eliza Missouri Bushyhead, a prominent teacher at the Cherokee Female Seminary at Tahlequah. The article compares her life to her father's, Jesse Bushyhead, who was a missionary based in the Cherokee Nation.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Choctaw Academy (open access)

The Choctaw Academy

Article is a continuation of the author's attempts to document the establishment and history of the Choctaw Academy, a mission school dedicated to the education of American Indian youths.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Cherokee War Path with Annotations (open access)

The Cherokee War Path with Annotations

Article narrates the events surrounding numerous battles fought between the Cherokee and Creek tribes as they moved across the American west. This narrative is told from the perspective of John Ridge, son of Major Ridge, a Cherokee representative who was killed alongside two other men for signing treaties pertaining to the tribe's removal.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967 & Ridge, John
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The California Overland Mail Route Through Oklahoma (open access)

The California Overland Mail Route Through Oklahoma

Article details the establishing of a mail route through Oklahoma and Indian Territories during their frontier era. These routes provided mailing services from Texas to California. A first person narrative is given of someone who traveled down one of these routes.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Early History of Spavinaw (open access)

Early History of Spavinaw

Article chronicles how John Rogers established a successful distillery within Cherokee Nation before the region was open to settlement.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Some New Light on Houston's Life Among the Cherokee Indians (open access)

Some New Light on Houston's Life Among the Cherokee Indians

Article chronicles the interactions between Sam Houston and the Cherokee tribes. This information was gathered from the author's collection of manuscripts written by the famous general.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 2, June 1931 (open access)

Editorial: Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 9, Number 2, June 1931

Article consists of editorials written by the Chronicles staff. It includes a note of appreciation for the pageant at Tahlequah, a brief explanation of how territorial records are collected in various states, a retelling of the anniversary celebration of the opening of Oklahoma for settling held in various counties around the state, and a telegram sent to the society regarding the opening of the state.
Date: Summer 1931
Creator: Foreman, Grant; Peery, Dan W. & Campbell, Harry
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The State Flag of Oklahoma (open access)

The State Flag of Oklahoma

Article chronicles how the Daughters of the American Revolution created the state flag for Oklahoma and the significance of its design. Included is a poem of admiration for the pioneer woman.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Hickam, Mrs. Andrew R.; Peery, Dan W. & Nesbit, Paul
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Why Educate the Indians? (open access)

Why Educate the Indians?

Article is a speech from the Secretary of War regarding why Indigenous Americans should receive an education. This speech was given at the Commencement Exercises of Bacone College.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Hurley, Patrick J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Camp Napoleon (open access)

Camp Napoleon

Article chronicles the events that surrounded Camp Napoleon, a meeting of the Five Civilized Tribes with other Indigenous tribes to form a confederation of protection at the end of the Civil War against aggressions from the Union and the Confederacy.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Lewis, Anna
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Address of Judge C. Ross Hume (open access)

Address of Judge C. Ross Hume

Article is an address given by Judge C. Ross Hume to dedicate the landmark where the Five Civilized Tribes agreed to form an Indian Confederacy of the Plains.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Lewis, Anna & Hume, C. Ross
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chief Opothleyahola (open access)

Chief Opothleyahola

Article documents Chief Opothleyahola's efforts to oppose the selling of Creek lands to the United States federal government.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Meserve, John Bartlett, 1869-1943
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chief Pleasant Porter (open access)

Chief Pleasant Porter

Article details the life of the Principal Chief of the Creek Nation, Pleasant Porter, and his father, John Snodgrass Porter, as the family was adopted into the tribe and worked for the community.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Meserve, John Bartlett, 1869-1943
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Ahpeahtone, Kiowa - A Bit of History (open access)

Ahpeahtone, Kiowa - A Bit of History

Article details a trip undertaken by the last chief of the Kiowa tribe, Ahpeahtone, to locate a self-proclaimed prophet during the "Messiah Craze." This prophet spoke of the return to the old times of buffalo and peace.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Methvin, J. J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Opening of the Cherokee Outlet (open access)

The Opening of the Cherokee Outlet

Article details how the Cherokee tribe divided their lands and established a prosperous community with other surrounding tribes during the opening of the Cherokee Outlet.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Milam, Joe B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Opening of the Cherokee Outlet: Continued (open access)

The Opening of the Cherokee Outlet: Continued

Article continues narrating the events that transpired during the opening of the Cherokee Outlet for settling while also detailing the processes for acquiring land within the region.
Date: Winter 1931
Creator: Milam, Joe B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cornstalk the Shawnee (open access)

Cornstalk the Shawnee

Article details how Chief Cornstalk of the Shawnee tribe lead multiple rebellions against the United States as a sign of protest for how his people were treated.
Date: Spring 1931
Creator: Morrison, W. B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History