A waste management strategy for future nuclear fusion power systems is developed using existing regulatory methodology. The first step is the development of a reference fuel cycle. Next, the waste streams from such a facility are identified. Then a waste management system is defined to safely handle and dispose of these wastes. The future regulator must identify the decisions necessary to establish waste management performance criteria. The data base and methodologies necessary to make these decisions must then be developed. Safe management of nuclear fusion wastes is not only a technological challenge, but encompasses significant social, political, and ethical questions as well.

This report contains the text and slide reproductions of a speech on nuclear waste disposal in basalt. The presentation addresses the layout of repository access shafts and subsurface facilities resulting from the conceptual design of a nuclear repository in basalt. The constructibility issues that must be resolved prior to construction are described. (DMC)

The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) uses several different simulation programs, each tuned for specific applications. The programs rely heavily on the extensive test beam data that CDF has accumulated. Sophisticated shower parameterizations are used, yielding enormous gains in speed over full cascade programs. 3 refs., 5 figs.

In this paper, we will first indicate the key issues in designing a B-factory and a {phi}-factory, and illustrate the approaches that are being followed to address them. In general, reaching the B-factory parameter regime offers the most challenges, so we will emphasize it here. Then we will consider an extrapolation of our present understanding of collider performance and assess the maximum luminosity that could be anticipated. To reach extremely high luminosity, it may be necessary to consider possibilities beyond the scope of standard'' approaches to collider design; a few illustrative examples are outlined. For both the present designs and the extrapolated parameters, R D activities in a few key areas are required; these areas are discussed in this paper also.

A major concern in fusion reactor design is possible hydrogen-isotope-induced embrittlement of structural alloys in the neutron environment expected in these reactors. Hydrogen fractionation occurs between lithium and various refractory metals according to a temperature-dependent distribution coefficient, K{sub H}, that is defined as the ration of the hydrogen concentration in the metallic specimen to that in the liquid lithium. In the present work, K{sub H} was determined for pure vanadium and several binary and ternary alloys, and the commercial Vanstar 7. Hydrogen distribution studies were performed in an austenitic steel forced-circulation lithium loop. Equilibrium concentrations of hydrogen in vanadium-base alloys exposed to flowing lithium at temperatures of 350 to 550{degree}C were measured by inert gas fusion techniques and residual gas analysis. Thermodynamic calculations are consistent with the effect of chromium and titanium in the alloys on the resultant hydrogen fractionation. Experimental and calculated results indicate that K{sub H} values are very low; i.e., the hydrogen concentrations in the lithium-equilibrated vanadium-base alloy specimens are about two orders of magnitude lower than those in the lithium. Because of this low distribution coefficient, embrittlement of vanadium alloys by hydrogen in lithium would not be expected. 15 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

The most important aspects of the Auxiliary System Testing Program to the overall startup of FFTF were in the areas of integrated testing of inerted cells, integrated leak rate testing of the containment building and testing of the waste gas processing systems for effluent cover gas and effluent cell atmosphere gases. The basic test methods and test results for these areas of the FFTF startup program are presented.

U.S. ERDA's research programs in fossil energy are reviewed with brief descriptions, budgets, etc. Of general interest are discussions related to the capabilities for such research of national laboratories, universities, energy centers, etc. Of necessity many items are treated briefly, but a general overview of the whole program is provided. (LTN)

A convenient method for determining the elastic constants of materials has been devised using the energy from a Q-switched neodymium-glass laser. Stress waves are induced in materials having circular rod or rectangular bar geometries by the absorption of energy from the laser. The wave transit times through the material are recorded with a piezoelectric transducer. Both dilatation and shear wave velocities are determined in a single test using an ultrasonic technique and these velocities are used to calculate the elastic constants of the material. A comparison of the constants determined for ten common engineering materials using this method is made with constants derived using the conventional ultrasonic pulse technique and agreement is shown to be about one percent in most cases. Effects of material geometry are discussed and surface damage to the material caused by laser energy absorption is shown.

The application of modern ideas in particle physics to astrophysical and cosmological settings is a continuation of a fruitful tradition in astrophysics which began with the application of atomic physics, and then nuclear physics. In the past decade particle cosmology and particle astrophysics have been recognized as 'legitimate activities' by both particle physicists and astrophysicists and astronomers. During this time there has been a high level of theoretical activity producing much speculation about the earliest history of the Universe, as well as important and interesting astrophysical and cosmological constraints to particle physics theories. This period of intense theoretical activity has produced a number of ideas most worthy of careful consideration and scrutiny, and even more importantly, amenable to experimental/observational test. Among the ideas which are likely to be tested in the next decade are: the cosmological bound to the number of neutrino flavors, inflation, relic WIMPs as the dark matter, and MSW neutrino oscillations as a solution to the solar neutrino problems. 94 refs.

We present an analytic theory of Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in an arbitrary number N of stratified fluids subjected to a shock. Following our earlier work on Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, the theory assumes incompressible flow in which a shock is treated an impulsive acceleration, g = ..delta.. v delta(tau/sub s), ..delta..v being the jump velocity induced in the system by a shock at time tau/sub s/. We discuss the special cases N = 2 and N = 3, and illustrate both Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities by examples patterned after inertial confinement fusion implosions.

In a wide variety of physics problems, especially those which involve wave phenomena such as in electromagnetics and acoustics, a behavior results that can be described by systems of linear (partial) differential equations. Solutions to such problems often can be expressed simply in the form of an exponential series. Some specific background material for this approach is discussed, and a variety of example applications is summarized. (WHK)

Characteristic values of the recombination rate coefficient for hydrogen and deuterium in stainless steel have been measured for the inner wall of the TFTR vacuum vessel for vessel temperatures of 25 to 100 C. In situ measurements of k/sub r/ are important for predicting the hydrogen isotope retention in the wall as a function of time, temperature, and discharge exposure, particularly because existing laboratory measurements of k/sub r/ for stainless steel span a range of four orders of magnitude. The measurement technique involved the observation of the decrease in hydrogen pressure during a glow discharge in the TFTR vacuum vessel with an initial static gas fill. The resulting values of k/sub r/ at 25 C are in the range of (0.4 to 4) x 10/sup -27/cm/sup 4/-s/sup -1/ assuming a value of the hydrogenic diffusivity of 2 x 10/sup -12/cm/sup 2/-s/sup -1/ at room temperature. No significant isotopic dependence was observed and the temperature dependence of k/sub r/ is consistent with the literature value (0.5 eV) of the activation energy. The implications of this range of values of k/sub r/, for the estimation of the in-vessel tritium inventory following D-T operation in TFTR are discussed.

The methods that are used to characterize discontinuous rock masses from a geotechnical point of view are summarized. Emphasis is put on providing key references on each subject. The topics of exploration, in-situ stresses, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and hydraulic properties are addressed.

A neutrino detector at the Brookhaven AGS has been used to investigate the feasibility of using an already constructed apparatus for GUT monopole searches. A flux limit (90%CL) of 5.2 x 10/sup -12/ cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ str/sup -1/ was found. The limitations of such an approach are discussed.

We have measured the laser-induced damage thresholds for 248 nm wavelength light of over 100 optical coatings from commercial vendors and research institutions. All samples were irradiated once per damage site with temporally multi-lobed, 20-ns pulses generated by a KrF laser. The survey included high, partial, and dichroic reflectors, anti-reflective coatings, and single layer films. The samples were supplied by ten vendors. The majority of samples tested were high reflectors and antireflective coatings. The highest damage thresholds were 8.5 to 9.4 J/cm/sup 2/, respectively. Although these represent extremes of what has been tested so far, several vendors have produced coatings of both types with thresholds which consistently exceed 6 J/cm/sup 2/. Repeated irradiations of some sites were made on a few samples. These yielded no degradation in threshold, but in fact some improvement in damage resistance. These same samples also exhibited no change in threshold after being retested seven months later.

Fabrication of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets requires deposition of various types of coatings on microspheres. The mechanical strength, and surface finish of the coatings are of concern in ICF experiments. The tensile strength of coatings can be controlled through grain refinement, selective doping and alloy formation. We have constructed a magnetron co-sputtering system to produce variable density profile coatings with high tensile strength on microspheres. The preliminary data on the properties of a Au-Cu binary alloy system by SEM and STEM analysis is presented.

Recent measurements of the B hadron lifetime from PEP and PETRA experiments are presented. These measurements firmly establish that the B lifetime is long (approx.1 psec), implying that the mixing between the third generation of quarks and the lighter quarks is much weaker that the mixing between the first two generations.

Nuclear physics has provided one of the 2 critical observational tests of all Big Bang cosmology, namely Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Furthermore, this same nuclear physics input enables a prediction to be made about one of the most fundamental physics questions of all, the number of elementary particle families. This paper reviews the standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis arguments. The primordial He abundance is inferred from He--C and He--N and He--O correlations. The strengthened Li constraint as well as {sup 2}D plus {sup 3}He are used to limit the baryon density. This limit is the key argument behind the need for non-baryonic dark matter. The allowed number of neutrino families, N{sub {nu}}, is delineated using the new neutron lifetime value of {tau}{sub n} = 890 {plus minus} 4s ({tau}{sub {1/2}} = 10.3 min). The formal statistical result is N{sub {nu}} = 2.6 {plus minus} 0.3 (1{sigma}) providing a reasonable fit (1.3{sigma}) to 3 families but making a fourth light (m{sub {nu}} {approx lt}10 MeV) neutrino family exceedingly unlikely ({approx gt}4.7{sigma}) (barring significant systematic errors either in D + {sup 3}He, and Li and/or {sup 4}He and/or {tau}{sub n}). It is also shown that uncertainties induced by postulating a first-order quark-hadron phase transition …

It is shown that the monopole induced baryon number non-conservation is a necessary consequence of the exact conservation laws of the full four dimensional fermion-gauge field-Higgs system and properties of the J=0 partial wave fermions. It is also shown that the charge associated with the unbroken gauge symmetry is exactly conserved in the monopole-fermion interaction. 11 references.

The analysis of flow rate and enthalpy data from several wells completed in the same two-phase zone of Krafla geothermal reservoir has yielded consistent relative permeability parameters. It is found that k/sub rl/ + k/sub rv/ = 1 over the entire range of two-phase flow conditions from immobile liquid to immobile vapor. The available data provide relative permeability parameters as a function of flowing enthalpy only. The relationship between flowing enthalpy and in-place vapor saturation remains unknown, so that the relative permeability information obtained is of limited value for quantitative modeling of geothermal reservoir performance. Numerical simulation of flow rate and enthalpy transients has yielded excellent matches to production data from well 12. However, there is little information about the reservoir which can be deduced in an unambiguous way, because the field data could be matched with a variety of rather different parameter choices. The only unambiguous piece of information obtained is that the water injected into the well during drilling and completion remains in the vicinity of the wellbore during several weeks of warmup.

Using a sample of 530,000 tau leptons collected by the Crystal Ball experiment at the e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage ring DORIS II, we have searched for tau decays to the eta meson. No eta signal is found in the inclusive analysis, tau ..-->.. eta X, of 1-prong decays, leading to the upper limits, BR(tau/sup -/ ..-->.. nu ..pi../sup -/eta) <0.3%, BR(tau/sup -/ ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/eta) <0.9%, BR(tau/sup -/ ..-->.. nu ..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/eta) <3.1%, BR(tau/sup -/ ..-->.. nu ..pi../sup -/eta eta) <2.5% (95% CL). The decays, tau/sup -/ ..-->.. nu ..pi../sup -/eta and tau/sup -/ ..-->.. nu ..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/eta, are also not found in the exclusive analyses, while BR(tau/sup -/ ..-->.. nu ..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/) = (22.7 +- 0.9 +- 3.0)% and BR(tau/sup -/ ..-->.. nu ..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/) = (7.0 +- 0.7 +- 1.4)% are measured in accord with the expectations. The hadronic final state, ..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/, is reconstructed in tau decays for the first time. The results are preliminary. 21 refs., 10 figs.

The use of a silver-zeolite halogen adsorber placed in series with a hydrogen catalytic recombiner and a cryogenic noble gas adsorber assembly constitutes a waste gas processing system (WGPS) capable of handling hydrogen and fission product gases following a Loss-of-Coolant Experiment (LOCE). This paper describes: the types and quantities of gases expected to be found at the facility after a failed-fuel LOCE; the purpose of the WGPS; and the general configuration and expected decontamination factors associated with the LOFT WGPS.

Under sponsorship of the Division of Applied Technology of AEC, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is investigating the possibilities and problems of extracting energy from geothermal reservoirs which do not spontaneously yield useful amounts of steam or hot water. The system for accomplishing this which is being developed first is a pressurized-water circulation loop intended for use in relatively impermeable hot rock. It will consist of two holes connected through the hot rock by a very large hydraulic fracture and connected at the surface through the primary heat exchanger of an energy utilization system. Preliminary experiments in a hole 2576 ft (0.7852 km) deep, extending about 470 ft (143 m) into the Precambrian basement rock underlying the Jemez Plateau of north-central New Mexico, revealed no unexpected difficulties in drilling or hydraulically fracturing such rock at a temperature of approximately 100 C, and demonstrated a permeability low enough so that it appeared probable that pressurized water could be contained by the basement rock. Similar experiments are in progress in a second hole, now 6701 ft (2.043 km) deep, about 1.5 miles (2.4km ) south of the first one. Here the bottomhole temperature is about 146 C, and again no unexpected difficulty was …

Results from the systematic study of K spectroscopy, by the LASS group, are reviewed. New data from the study of the reaction K{sup {minus}}p {yields} {bar K}{sup 0}{pi}{sup {minus}}p are presented, and compared to our previous results. Confirmation of three new K* excited states is presented. 6 refs., 13 figs., 5 tabs.