Article describes how a novel Eu(tta)3([4,4′-(t-bu)2-2,2′-bpy)] complex (tta-thenoyltrifluoroacetone), a ratiometric luminescent-based optical sensor for the quantitative determination of aluminum ion, is synthesized and characterized using XRD and 1H NMR. The sensor reported here is tested for 11 common cations and shows no interference on sensitivity. According to the authors, this is the first known Eu-based luminescence sensor that successfully exhibited the ability to detect aluminum ions in ppb levels in aqueous environments.

Article describes how data-driven decision-making (DDDM) technologies are increasingly being utilized, aiming to enhance education quality. Authors assert that this paper examines articles that explore the implementation of DDDM technologies and their effects on education quality.

Article about the 20th "Una Notte in Italia" event held in Houston, Texas.

Article presents a novel approach for enhancing power output from a REWOD energy harvester by significantly increasing the total available surface area using perforated silicon wafer electrodes.

This article reports the formation of resonance cavities within graded photonic super-crystals (GPSCs) with unit cells formed via a near-uniform central region with eight side graded regions.

In this article, the pressure-sensitivity of CNT filled cement mortar composites with different concentrations of MWNT and different surfactants is investigated under repeated loading and impulsive loading, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the response of the electrical resistance of composites with NaDDBS to external force is more stable and sensitive than that of composites with SDS. Therefore, NaDDBS has higher efficiency than SDS for the dispersion of MWNT in cement mortar, and it is an effective surfactant for fabricating MWNT filled cement mortar composites with superior pressure-sensitivity.

Article describes experiment where a coupled resonant acoustic waveguide (CRAW) in a phononic crystal (PnC) was engineered to manipulate the propagation of ultrasonic waves within a conventional phononic bandgap for wavelength division multiplexing.

We present a solid state accelerator concept utilizing particle acceleration along crystal channels by longitudinal electron plasma waves in a metal. Acceleration gradients of order 100 GV/cm are theoretically possible, but channeling radiation limits the maximum attainable energy to 10/sup 5/ TeV for protons. Beam dechanneling due to multiple scattering is substantially reduced by the high acceleration gradient. Plasma wave dissipation and generation in metals are also discussed.

An 11.4% partial Siberian snake was used to successfully accelerate polarized proton through a strong intrinsic depolarizing spin resonance in the AGS. No noticeable depolarization was observed. This opens up the possibility of using a 20% to 30% partial Siberian snake in the AGS to overcome all weak and strong depolarizing spin resonances. Some design and operation issues of the new partial Siberian snake are discussed.

Based on annual tritium release rates from the five sources of tritium at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Tritium Research Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratory, the regulatory dispersion and dose model, CAP88-PC, was used to predict tritium concentrations in air at perimeter and offsite air surveillance monitoring locations for 1986 through 2001. These predictions were compared with mean annual measured concentrations, based on biweekly sampling. Deterministic predictions were compared with deterministic observations using predicted-to-observed ratios. In addition, the uncertainty on observations and predictions was assessed: when the uncertainty bounds of the observations overlapped with the uncertainty bounds of the predictions, the predictions were assumed to agree with the observations with high probability. Deterministically, 54% of all predictions were higher than the observations, and 96% fell within a factor of three. Accounting for uncertainty, 75% of all predictions agreed with the observations; 87% of the predictions either matched or exceeded the observations. Predictions equaled or exceeded observations at those sampling locations towards which the wind blows most frequently, except those in the hills. Under-predictions were seen at locations towards which the wind blows infrequently when released tritium was from elevated sources. When a high fraction of tritium was from area …

The polarization dilution by molecular ions which are produced in the ECR primary proton source is discussed. The molecular component can be reduced to about 5% by ECR source-operation optimization. It is further suppressed by optimization of the extraction electrode optics and by the decelerating einzel lens in the 35 keV LEBT line. As a result, the proton polarization of the accelerated beam was increased to over 80%. as measured in the 200 MeV proton-deuterium polarimeter. The OPPIS upgrade for 6 2/3 Hz repetition rate operation is also discussed.

Based on this workshop, a plan for upgrading polarized proton acceleration in the AGS was developed. The construction of a strong partial Siberian snake was initiated. Although in principle this single device would avoid all sources of depolarization in the AGS its construction, installation and commissioning will take several years. Also mismatch of the polarization direction at injection into the AGS will cause some depolarization. Plan 1 outlined above will be pursued in the meantime. A warm helical partial Siberian snake will replace the present solenoid snake. It will avoid the coupling resonances and can also be used in the future to avoid injection mismatch with the strong partial snake. Existing quadrupoles will be moved to locations where they can be used to suppress the weak intrinsic resonances as discussed at this workshop by Andreas Lehrach. This approach should give maximum polarization from the AGS as soon as possible and also provide a long term solution that is operationally simple and offers additional polarization improvements if the rf dipole method shows residual depolarization.

In the Brookhaven AGS, polarized protons are accelerated from G{sub {gamma}} = 4.5 to G{sub {gamma}} = 46.5. During the acceleration, a total of 42 imperfection spin depolarization resonances and 7 intrinsic spin resonances are crossed. Currently, the depolarization at each imperfection spin resonance is overcome by a solenoid 5% snake and full spin flips are induced at 4 out of the 7 intrinsic resonances by the AGS rf dipole to avoid the polarization loss. No correction schemes are applied at the remaining 3 weak spin resonances. In addition, coupling spin resonances are also observed due to the solenoidal field of the snake and no correction is applied for these spin resonances other than keeping the horizontal and vertical betatron tunes separated. In order to achieve {ge} 50% beam polarization out of AGS, all of those spin resonances need to be corrected. This paper proposes three correction methods to overcome the. strong intrinsic spin resonances as well as the weak intrinsic spin resonances and the coupling spin resonances.

The EIGER method of moments program with periodic Green's function was used to model a periodic array of strips and split-ring resonators. Left-handed propagation due to negative index of refraction is demonstrated in a frequency band. The effective material parameters versus frequency are extracted from the EIGER solution.

The Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field study was conducted in Oklahoma City in July 2003 to collect data to increase our knowledge of dispersion in urban areas. Air motions in and around urban areas are very complicated due to the influence of urban structures on both mechanical and thermal forcing. During JU2003, meteorological instruments were deployed at various locations throughout the urban area to characterize the processes that influence dispersion. Some of the instruments were deployed to characterize urban phenomena, such as boundary layer development. In addition, particular sites were chosen for more concentrated measurements to investigate physical processes in more detail. One such site was an urban street canyon on Park Avenue between Broadway and Robinson Avenues in downtown Oklahoma City. The urban canyon study was designed to examine the processes that control dispersion within, into and out of the urban canyon. Several towers were deployed in the Park Avenue block, with multiple levels on each tower for observing the wind using sonic anemometers. Infrared thermometers, net radiometers and ground heat flux plates were deployed on two of the towers midway in the canyon to study the thermodynamic effects and to estimate the surface energy balance. We present results …

Diffusive x-ray-driven heat waves are found in a variety of astrophysical and laboratory settings, e.g. in the heating of a hohlraum used for ICF, and hence are of intrinsic interest. However, accurate analytic diffusion wave (also called Marshak wave) solutions are difficult to obtain due to the strong non-linearity of the radiation diffusion equation. The typical approach is to solve near the heat front, and by ansatz apply the solution globally. This works fairly well due to ''steepness'' of the heat front, but energy is not conserved and it does not lead to a consistent way of correcting the solution or estimating accuracy. We employ the steepness of the front through a perturbation expansion in {var_epsilon} = {beta}/(4+{alpha}), where the internal energy varies as T{sup {beta}} and the opacity varies as T{sup -{alpha}}. We solve using an iterative approach, equivalent to asymptotic methods that match outer (away from the front) and inner (near the front) solutions. Typically {var_epsilon} < 0.3. Calculations are through first order in {var_epsilon} and are accurate to {approx} 10%, which is comparable to the inaccuracy from assuming power laws for material properties. We solve for supersonic waves with arbitrary drive time history, including the case of …

ERCC2 was first identified as a gene on human chromosome 19 that complemented the UV sensitivity of CHO UV5 cells in somatic cell hybrids. Subsequent studies localized ERCC2 to the same chromosomal region (19q13.2--13.3) as the ERCC1 gene and showed that the two genes were less than 250 kb apart. Cloning of ERCC2 was accomplished by transfection of genomic DNA into UV5 cells and rescue of the gene from a secondary transformant. Recovery of the gene was aided by the presence of repetitive sequences that were detected on Southern blots with a probe for Alu-family repeats. ERCC2, which is 19 kb in size, quantitatively corrected the UV sensitivity and incision defect in UV5 cells upon transfection. An ERCC2 CDNA clone was recovered from the pcD2 expression library. Although this clone was truncated at the 5 in. end, it conferred transient, but not stable, correction to UV5 cells upon transfection. Based on genomic sequence, this clone was extended by oligonucleotide addition to obtain minigene constructs in which the complete open reading frame (ORF) was present. Translation of the ERCC2 ORF gives an amino acid sequence that has 72% similarity with the S. cerevisiae RAD3 protein, which encodes a DNA helicase.

Optical communication is likely to significantly speed up parallel computation because the vast bandwidth of the optical medium can be divided to produce communication networks of very high degree. However, the problem of contention in high-degree networks makes the routing problem in these networks theoretically (and practically) difficult. In this paper we examine Valiant`s h-relation routing problem, which is a fundamental problem in the theory of parallel computing. The h-relation routing problem arises both in the direct implementation of specific parallel algorithms on distributed-memory machines and in the general simulation of shared memory models such as the PRAM on distributed-memory machines. In an h-relation routing problem each processor has up to h messages that it wishes to send to other processors and each processor is the destination of at most h messages. We present a lower bound for routing an h-relation (for any h > 1) on a complete optical network of size -n. Our lower bound applies to any randomized distributed algorithm for this task. Specifically, we show that the expected number of communication steps required to route an arbitrary h-relation is {Omega}(h + {radical}log log n). This is the first known lower bound for this problem which does …

With a new generation of high performance computers appearing around us on a time scale of months, a new challenge for developers of simulation codes is to write and maintain production codes that are both highly portable and maximally efficient. My contention is that C is the language that is both best suited to that goal and is widely available today. GLF is a new code written mainly in C which is intended to have all of the XRASER physics and run on any platform of interest. It demonstrates the power of the C paradigm for code developers and flexibility and ease of use for the users. Three fundamental problems are discussed: the C/UNIX development environment; the supporting tools and libraries which handle data and graphics portability issues; and the advantages of C in numerical simulation code development.

Stimulated Raman scattering is of concern to laser fusion since it can create a hot electron environment which can increase the difficulty of achieving high final fuel densities. In earlier experiments with one micron laser light, the energy measured in Raman-scattered light has been insignificant. But these experiments were done with, at most, about 100 joules of laser energy. The Raman instability has a high threshold which also requires a large plasma to be irradiated with a large diameter spot. Only with a long interaction length can the Raman-scattered light wave convectively grow to a large amplitude, and only in recent long pulse, high energy experiments (4000 joules in 2 ns) at the Shiva laser facility have we observed as much as several percent of the laser light to be Raman-scattered. We find that the Raman instability has a much lower intensity threshold for longer laser pulselength and larger laser spot size on a solid target.

This article provides a commentary on mathematical errors concerning the incorrect conversion of mass fraction to volume fraction concentrations of 1,4-dioxane, the incorrect conversion of mole fraction solubilities to molar solubilities of Etodolac, and the incorrect calculation of the ideal mole fraction solubility of Etodolac.

Development of the All Particle Method, a project to simulate the transport of particles via the Monte Carlo method, has proceeded on two fronts: data collection and algorithm development. In this paper we report on the status of the data libraries. The data collection is nearly complete with the addition of electron, photon, and atomic data libraries to the existing neutron, gamma ray, and charged particle libraries. The contents of these libraries are summarized.

A microscopic mechanism of optical nonlinearity in {pi}-conjugated polymers is presented. It is shown that the bulk of the nonlinearity is determined by only two well defined channels, even though an infinite number of channels are possible in principle. The above conclusion is true for both short and long range Coulomb interactions. The complete frequency dependence of the third harmonic generation in both trans-polyacetylene and polydiacetylene are explained within the same theoretical picture. 19 refs., 4 figs.

A laser works by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of inverted atomic ions confined in an amplifier of rod-like geometry, such that ASE radiation is directed out of both ends of the rod. The forward and backward ASE waves are coupled through the population-rate equations and cause the saturation of the lasing transition (gain saturation). Diffraction of the waves in the transverse direction is responsible for the radiation pattern (angular distribution) observed on a distant screen and for the degree of spatial coherence of the radiation. Refraction of the light also occurs due to spatial gradients in the electron density. In order to describe this situation a code has been developed which numerically solves paraxial Maxwell's equations in the time and two spatial dimensions. The code uses the Peaceman-Rachford Alternating-Direction-Implicit algorithm and is benchmarked against laboratory DYE-LASER experiments. 4 refs., 1 fig.