Article on N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine in dry and imbibing cottonseeds.

An article titled "School of Thought" written by Janet Tyson for the Life & Arts section of the Fort Worth Star Telegram. It covers a group of fifth-graders while they visit the at museums in the Fort Worth area.

The purely nonperturbative soft contribution to the gamma^* p -> delta⁺ transition form factors is estimated using the local quark-hadron duality approach. Our results show that the soft contribution is dominated by the magnetic transition: the ratio G^* _E Q²/ G^*_M Q² is small for all accessible Q², in contrast to pQCD expectations that G^*_E (Q²) -> -G^*_M (Q²). We also found that the soft contribution to the magnetic form factor is large enough to explain the magnitude of existing experimental data.

Crystalline calcium thiogallate with a cerium dopant has been deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at temperatures below 600{degrees}C on a low cost glass substrate. An EL luminance of 1.05 fL was observed 40 volts above threshold at 60 Hz. This is more than an order of magnitude improvement over earlier crystalline-as-deposited thiogallate materials. These results pave the way for the use of MOCVD as a potential method for processing full color thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) flat panel displays. The formation of the CaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ce phosphor requires precise control over a number of deposition parameters including flow rates, substrate temperature, and reactor pressure. The influence of these parameters will be discussed in terms of structure, uniformity, and TFEL device performance.

This document consists of eleven reports contributed to the XXIV International Cosmic Ray Conference (Rome, Italy, August 28--September 8, 1995) from the CYGNUS/Milagro Collaboration: ``Search for Ultra-High-Energy Radiation from Gamma-Ray Bursts``, ``Gamma-Ray Bursts: Detection and Distance Estimates with Milagro``, ``Searching for Gamma-Ray Bursts with Water-Cerenkov-Detector Single-Particle Rates``, ``The Milagro Detector``, ``The Milagro Data Acquisition System``, ``Source Searches Using the CYGNUS Water-Cerenkov Array``, ``Search for UHE Emission from Supernova Remnants``, ``Solar Physics with the Milagro Telescope``, ``An Experiment to Detect Correlations Between Cerenkov and Muon Lateral Distributions in EAS``, ``A Study of Large-Zenith-Angle Air Showers with the CYGNUS Experiment``, and ``Mass Resolution of Ground Based Air Shower Experiments in the 10 to 10000 TeV range.``

This document, Volume 1, includes papers presented at the 7th International Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics (NURETH-7) September 10--15, 1995 at Saratoga Springs, N.Y. The following subjects are discussed: Progress in analytical and experimental work on the fundamentals of nuclear thermal-hydraulics, the development of advanced mathematical and numerical methods, and the application of advancements in the field in the development of novel reactor concepts. Also combined issues of thermal-hydraulics and reactor/power-plant safety, core neutronics and/or radiation. Selected papers are indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.

A new technique, Synthetic Array Heterodyne Detection, offers a wider field of view and improved signal to noise for coherent DIAL systems by reducing speckle interference. We have implemented a synthetic multi-pixel array using a CO{sub 2} laser on a single element HgCdTe photodiode.

The microstructures of two soft-caught copper shaped charge jet particles were investigated. In particular, the spatial distributions of crystallographic texture within the particles were characterized using point specific measurements of crystallographic orientation. Significant variations in preferred orientation were observed. These results are discussed in fight of previous computer simulations of the jetting process which showed significant radial gradients in both strain and strain rate.

A theoretical problem is considered in which a granular material is pushed through a tube of arbitrary cross-section by a constant velocity piston against the resistance of compaction work and wall friction. The crushing of the material is dictated by a simple yet physically reasonable compaction law. By considering two special cases - the limit of vanishing friction and the quasistatic limit - we identify the two basic compaction wave structures. We then consider the general case in which the two waves interact. Estimates suggest that for typical deflagration-to-detonation tests explosive at the wall melts on time scales short compared to the experiment.

Equipment for time and temperature dependent powder diffraction has been developed, especially in order to be able to study hydrothermal syntheses of zeolites. The system is very versatile and has so far been used to study e.g. hydrothermal syntheses of zeolites and aluminophosphates, syntheses of layered phosphates, formation of Sorel cements, dehydration and phase transformations of zeolites, solid state synthesis of lanthanum manganites, ion exchange of zeolites using molten salt, and oxidation/reduction of lanthanum manganites at high temperatures. The sample is contained in quartz capillaries and is heated using a stream of hot air. External pressure can be applied allowing hydrothermal syntheses at temperatures up to 200 C to be performed. Controlled atmosphere is obtained by flowing gas or a mixture of gases through the capillary.

We describe results obtained with the implementation of a new large drag limit, two-phase continuum mixture model of DDT into MESA2D. The kinetics scheme originally described by BN is used to simulate a suite of 1D and 2D experiments. The BN kinetics scheme is found to be inadequate.

Fabrication of cylindrical aluminum load foils and graded thickness aluminum vacuum opening switch foils is described. Load foils are vaporized by joule heating and imploded by J {times} B forces to stagnate on axis and create soft x-rays. Plasma flow switch foils are mounted to shunt the vacuum power flow channel of a coaxial gun and are vaporized by joule heating. The resultant graded density plasma is magnetically driven down the annular power flow channel. Opening switch action occurs when the shunt plasma crosses a load slot in the center conductor. These foil components have been used in both the Pegasus and Procyon experiments.

We make use of unitary representations of the group of diffeomorphisms of the plane to construct an explicit field theory of anyons. The resulting anyon fields satisfy q-commutators, where q is the well-known phase shift associated with a single counterclockwise exchange of a pair of anyons. Our method uses a realization of the braid group by means of paths in the plane, that transform naturally under diffeomorphisms of R{sup 2}.

The authors study budget constrained optimal network improvement problems. Such problems aim at finding optimal strategies for improving a network under some cost measure subject to certain budget constraints. As an example, consider the following prototypical problem: Let G = (V, E) be an undirected graph with two cost values L(e) and C(e) associated with each edge e, where L(e) denotes the length of e and C(e) denotes the cost of reducing the length of e by a unit amount. A reduction strategy specifies for each edge e, the amount by which L(e) is to be reduced. For a given budget B, the goal is to find a reduction strategy such that the total cost of reduction is at most B and the minimum cost tree (with respect to some measure M) under the modified L costs is the best over all possible reduction strategies which obey the budget constraint. Typical measures M for a tree are the total weight and the diameter. They provide both hardness and approximation results for the two measures M mentioned above. For the problem of minimizing the total weight of a spacing tree, they provide an algorithm that, for any fixed {gamma},{var_epsilon} > 0, …

Radioactive liquid waste from nuclear materials production processes wi11 be vitrified in the Defense Waste Process Facility (DWPF) melter. The melter borescope outer housing, fabricated from N06690, was severely degraded by the combined effects of corrosion and oxidation after only five months of non radioactive operation. The melter was idled and not being fed over 85% of the time during the cold run operations. The borescope was designed to perform in an oxygen rich, chloride containing environment with temperatures approaching 900{degree}C (1650{degree}F). The housing was designed for a minimum of two years of continuous service in the DWPF melter. Air and steam were purged through the borescope and swept over the optics assembly to keep molten glass and volatile gases from depositing on the lens cover. Upon exiting the borescope the air passes through a N06690 orifice and enters the melter. Severe oxidation was observed around the orifice. Extensive material loss was also observed on the side of the outer housing which protrudes through the dome of the melter. Redesign of the borescope is currently underway and will include a new set of optics that will allow the size of the orifice to be significantly decreased, thus reducing the amount …

Design and synthesis of a family of calix[4]arene-based nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores are discussed. The calixarene chromophores are macrocyclic compounds consisting These molecules were synthesized such of four simple D-{pi}-A units bridged by methylene groups. These molecules were synthesized such that four D-n-A units of the calix[4]arene were aligned along the same direction with the calixarene in a cone conformation. These nonlinear optical super-chromophores were subsequently fabricated into covalently bound self-assembled monolayers on the surfaces of fused silica and silicon. Spectroscopic second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements were carried out to determine the absolute value of the dominant element of the nonlinear susceptibility, {Chi}{sub zzz}, and the average molecular alignment, {Psi}. We find a value of {Chi}{sub zzz}{approximately} 1.5 {times} 10{sup {minus}7} esu (60 pm/V) at a wavelength of 890 nm, and {Psi} {approximately} 36{degrees} with respect to the surface normal.

Two passive-active shufflers for the assay of uranium and plutonium have begun operation at Los Alamos National Laboratory. An extensive period of safety and technology assessments were made to meet laboratory and DOE certification requirements. Many design features of the shufflers are in place to assist the operator in using the instruments efficiently, effectively, and safely. A calibration for uranium oxide has been completed and applied to a variety of uranium-bearing inventory materials. A new calibration for MOX materials is nearly complete and additional uranium and plutonium materials will be measured in the near future.

The experimental investigation of HE-driven, phased, cylindrical, SS liner implosion has yielded many interesting results. Plasma and radiation are found to be copiously produced. Plasmas with velocity up to 17 cm/{mu}s are observed. The temperature in the expansion surface reaches 8 - 10 eV and stays hot for tens of microseconds. The signatures of plasma interactions with the imploding wall and the glass port are clearly identified. Finally, a cluster of cooler but still self-luminous, high-density debris is observed to travel at 1.8 cm/{mu}s. Additional experiments were carried out to study the plasma flow and reconvergence inside the liner cavity by inserting a diverting disk along the axis of implosion. Significant emission of vuv and soft x-rays is detected. All the experiments are guided by the calculations using the MESA 2D hydrocode and the results agree with many of the predictions.

Cyclotrons continue to be efficient accelerators for radio-isotope production. In recent years, developments in the accelerator technology have greatly increased the practical beam current in these machines while also improving the overall system reliability. These developments combined with the development of new isotopes for medicine and industry, and a retiring of older machines indicate a strong future for commercial cyclotrons. In this paper the authors will survey recent developments in the areas of cyclotron technology, as they relate to the new generation of commercial cyclotrons. Design criteria for the different types of commercial cyclotrons will be presented, with reference to those demands that differ from those in a research oriented cyclotron project. The authors also discuss the possibility of systems designed for higher energies and capable of extracted beam currents of up to 2.0 mA.

The Super EBIT device at LLNL can produce and trap any highly charged ion at rest in the laboratory, including bare U{sup 92+} ions. Recently, the ionization cross sections for high-Z hydrogenlike ions have been measured for the first time, and measurements of the L-shell ionization cross sections for uranium ions are in progress. The two-electron contributions to the ground state energies of heliumlike ions have been directly measured using a novel technique, and spectra of 2s-2p transitions in highly ionized thorium and uranium have been used to test QED corrections to the energy levels of few electron high-Z ions. A new capability for the study of rare isotopes has been demonstrated. Ion cooling has been used to reduce the thermal broadening of x-ray emission lines to the point where natural line widths can be observed in some cases.

The TRIUMF dc optically-pumped polarized H{sup {minus}} ion source (OPPIS) produces 200 {micro}A dc H{sup {minus}} current at 85% polarization within a normalized emittance (90%) of 0.8 {pi} mm mrad, for operations at the TRIUMF cyclotron. As a result of development of the ECR primary proton source, 1.6 mA dc polarized H{sup {minus}} current is produced within a normalized emittance of 2 {pi} mm mrad, suitable for high energy accelerators. The OPPIS has also been developed for use in a parity non-conservation experiment which has very severe limits on permissible helicity-correlated changes in beam current and energy.

The quantity of online documentation and viewing tools is overwhelming, with the World Wide Web, vendor-supported and local-site documentation and tools, etc. Maintaining the information and tools is equally overwhelming. However, statistics show that MAN usage far exceeds usage of other online documentation tools. But as one knows, MAN has its own problems, and at the forefront are MAN`S many inconsistencies. MAN is the standard Unix (and POSIX) tool which provides good summary information for those already familiar with a command. Well-written manual pages provide a good overall documentation. However, when a particular manual becomes too long, it becomes a cumbersome method to use for reading documentation. The paper describes MAN`s problems and the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center requirements for MAN.

It has been demonstrated that donor solvents play a key role in the scission of thermal stable bonds in coal model compounds and therefore it has been speculated that they will improve liquefaction efficiencies. The authors have been studying the transfer of hydrogen from dihydroarene donor solvents to arene model compounds to quantify the barriers of competing hydrogen transfer mechanisms. Hydrogen can be transferred between arene rings by a variety of pathways. The specific hydrogen transfer pathway or pathways can be predicted given an understanding of the thermochemistry of the reactants intermediates and products. The individual pathways that contribute to strong bond scission have been shown to be dependent on the dihydroarene donor and the arene acceptor. In this paper they quantify the hydrogen pathways between the solvent components anthracene and phenanthrene. In addition, they describe reaction conditions requiring consideration of an additional hydrogen transfer pathway: a multi-step nonipso hydrogen transfer to coal model compounds to evaluate the hydrogen transfer steps to cleave strong diarylmethane bonds in coal structures.

Shock initiation measurements have been made on granular HMX (octotetramethylene tetranitrainine) for two particle size distributions and two densities. Samples were pressed to either 65% or 73% of crystal density from fine ({approx} 10 {mu}m grain size) and coarse (broad distribution of grain sizes peaking at {approx} 150 {mu}m) powders. Planar shocks of 0.2--1 GPa were generated by impacting gas gun driven projectiles on plastic targets containing the HMX. Wave profiles were measured at the input and output of the {approx} 3.9 mm thick HMX layer using electromagnetic particle velocity gauges. The initiation behavior for the two particle size distributions was very different. The coarse HMX began initiating at input pressures as low as 0.5 GPa. Transmitted wave profiles showed relatively slow reaction with most of the buildup occurring at the shock front. In contrast, the fine particle HMX did not begin to initiate at pressures below 0.9 GPa. When the fine powder did react, however, it did so much faster than the coarse HMX. These observations are consistent with commonly held ideas about bum rates being correlated to surface area, and initiation thresholds being correlated with the size and temperature of the hot spots created by shock passage. For …