Inorganic analysis of solid, liquid and gaseous samples from the Paraho Semiworks Retort was completed using a multitechnique approach. The data were statistically analyzed to determine both the precision of each method and to see how closely the various techniques compared. The data were also used to determine the redistribution of 31 trace and major elements in the various effluents, including the offgas for the Paraho Retort operating in the direct mode. The computed mass balances show that approximately 1% or greater fractions of the As, Co, Hg, N, Ni, S and Se are released during retorting and redistributed to the product shale oil, retort water or product offgas. The fraction for these seven elements ranged from almost 1% for Co and Ni to 50 to 60% for Hg and N. Approximately 20% of the S and 5% of the As and Se are released. The mass balance redistribution during retorting for Al, Fe, Mg, V and Zn was observed to be no greater than .05%. These redistribution figures are generally in agreement with previous mass balance studies made for a limited number of elements on laboratory or smaller scale pilot retorts. 7 tables.

Tests were conducted on the compatibility of liquid lithium with various gas atmospheres and concretes. Fire extinguishing powders have been tested to determine their effectiveness in extinguishing well established lithium fires. Lithium quantities up 15 kg at temperatures up to 870/sup 0/C were tested to relate to temperatures encountered in fusion reactor designs. (MOW)

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory maintains and operates a test facility near Niland, California, in the Imperial Valley for field studies on SSGF brine chemistry, scale and solids control, materials, and injection. Recent work in silica control and materials testing is reviewed.

Ultrasonic measurements show that the shear modulus (C/sub 11/-C/sub 12/)/2 softens dramatically as single crystals of Nb/sub 3/Sn approach the martensitic transition near 50K. It is expected that Young's modulus of polycrystals will olso soften, but previous ultrasonic measurements, which suffer from severe damping, fail to show the expected effect. We have measured Young's modulus of polycrystalline Nb/sub 3/Sn between 4.2K and 300K by static beam deflection methods, and observe marked softening. A value of 14.3 +- .5 x 10/sup 11/ dyne cm/sup -2/ was obtained at 300K by the deflection of thin Nb/sub 3/Sn-Nb-Nb/sub 3/Sn composite strips by external stress. The variation of the modulus with T was obtained from the change in the radius of curvature of internally stressed Nb/sub 3/Sn-Nb composite strips. (This method is made possible by the near perfect match between the thermal expansion coefficients of Nb and Nb/sub 3/Sn.) The modulus is found to be proportional to 1nT between 50K and 300K and is temperature independent below the superconducting T/sub c/, resulting in a decrease by a factor of approx. 2 between 300K and 18K. The observed softening is somewhat less than that predicted by a polycrystalline average of the experimental single crystal elastic …

Ecologically sound operations of projected Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plants can be insured by careful attention to the marine environment during the design phase. This requires quality information from regions of potential OTEC interest, coordinated with required assessment studies to insure legal compliance. Currently, preliminary or actual surveys and laboratory studies are being conducted in the waters of Puerto Rico, the Gulf of Mexico, Hawaii, and Guam for potential moored or seacoast OTEC plants and in the equatorial South Atlantic for proposed plant--ship operations to provide such benchmark and baseline data. These data plus existing archival information can be used to model effects of OTEC operations based on projected design schemes. Four major areas of concerns (1) redistribution of oceanic properties, (2) chemical pollution, (3) structural effects, and (4) socio-legal-economic; and 11 key issues associated with OTEC development and operation have been identified. In general mitigating strategies can be used to alleviate many deleterious environmental effects of operational problems as biostimulation, outgassing, etc. Various assessment research studies on toxicity, biocide releases, etc., are under way or are planned to investigate areas where no clear mitigating strategy is available. Data from the monitoring and assessment programs is being integrated into …

Separate abstracts have been prepared for items within the scope of the energy data base. (FS)

In one plan for reprocessing LWR spent fuel, after separation from fission products and transplutonics, part of the U and all of the Pu in a nitrate solution will form a coprocessed stream which is then evaporated and sent to a hold tank for accounting. The remaining U fraction will be purified and sent to a separate storage tank. These two streams can be monitored using x-ray fluorescence analysis. This report discusses equipment, spectra, cell calibration, and dynamic concentration measurements. 7 figures. (DLC)

A numerical method for modeling stimulated Brillouin scatter (SBS) in a hydrodynamic simulation code is discussed. Preliminary results using the model show that scattering is reduced as shorter wavelengths are used and for spherical symmetry that ion heating by SBS is not significant since the ions cool by expansion.

A diffusion theory is presented which extends asymptotic diffusion to non-uniform material properties. Finite difference methods for the diffusion theory naturally result in jump conditions on interfaces when appropriate.

The coherent excitation of a three level atom by one- and two-photon resonances coupled by a common level is treated by the method of averages. The equations for the density matrix of the three resonant levels are solved analytically for square pulses of duration shorter than relaxation times. Double free induction decay occuring when both exciting fields are switched out of resonance simultaneously is exhibited. The emitted radiation is also calculated for an experiment in which the field driving the one-photon resonance remains on after the other field ends, and it is shown that experiments at several detunings and amplitudes would allow determination of various combinations of relaxation rates. Numerical studies for nonsquare pulses are briefly described. The results show that the main qualitative features of the square-pulse case are retained. 15 references.

Perspectives on the utilization of solar energy for electricity production and thermal energy utilization by the public are briefly discussed. Wind energy conversion, biomass conversion, solar thermal, OTEC, photovoltaics, and solar heating and cooling are discussed. (WHK)

The progress made toward uncovering signatures of collective phenomena is reviewed. Elements of the basic reaction mechanism leading to a complex background are first discussed. Possible hints of collective phenomena in proton and pion single and double inclusive spectra as well as ..pi../sup -/ multiplicity data are then described. 6 figures, 2 tables.

The interactive effects of elevated temperatures and nutrient enrichment on periphyton communities on glass slides were studied for one year in the Flowing Streams Laboratory, operated by Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) for the Department of Energy (Figure 1). Water from a South Carolina stream called Upper Three Runs, characterized by low pH and low nutrient concentrations and with intermittent swamp drainage, was used.

A class of gauge theories, where spontaneously broken symmetries, instead of being restored, persist as the temperature is increased is discussed. A renormalization group analysis of this phenomena suggests that there may be more than one phase transition in these models with at least one symmetric phase. Applying these ideas to the specific case of soft CP-violation in grand unified theories, a mechanism to generate the baryon to entropy ratio of the universe is discussed. 34 references.

The results of an investigation of the isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (E approx. 80 to 230 MeV/amu) made using the U.C. Berkeley HKH instrument aboard the ISEE-3 spacecraft are reported. The combination of high mass resolution and a large statistical sample makes possible a precise determination of the relative isotopic abundances for these elements. In local interplanetary space we find: /sup 13/C/C = 0.067 +- 0.008, /sup 15/N/N = 0.54 +- 0.03, /sup 17/O/O < 0.027, and /sup 18/O/O = 0.019 +- 0.003.

Laser induced fluorescence techniques were used to measure the rates of electronic relaxation of atomic uranium in a beam-gas scattering apparatus. Cross sections for the collisional deactivation of the U f/sup 3/ds/sup 2/(/sup 5/K/sub 5//sup 0/) and (/sup 5/L/sub 7//sup 0/) states by H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, HD, CH/sub 4/, N/sub 2/, and CO at room temperature are reported. Upper limits for quenching cross sections with He were also obtained. Relaxation of these uranium metastables by molecular hydrogen (H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/ and HD) and methane appears to proceed by resonant electronic-to-rotational or electronic-to-vibration/rotational energy transfer processes. 12 references.

The results indicate that the temperature fields in a rock mass containing geologic discontinuities can be predicted accurately using the simple theory of heat conduction. Geologic discontinuities appear to introduce significant nonlinear thermomechanical deformation into the rock mass, as a result of which the thermally induced displacements are much less than those predicted by the simple theory of thermo-elasticity. In addition, the assumption that the rock properties are temperature independent appears to increase the values predicted for these displacements significantly. Therefore, it is important that the temperature dependence of these properties is known and that these values be used in the calculations. The onset of significant thermal spalling along the walls of the heater boreholes appears to be related to conditions where the maximum induced compressive stress exceeds the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock. 7 figures.

Two large reprocessing facilities have been operating at the Savannah River Plant since 1955. The plant, which is near Aiken, South Carolina, is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Du Pont Company. The reprocessing facilities have a work force of approximately 1,800. The major processes in the facilities are chemical separations of irradiated material, plutonium finishing, and waste management. This paper presents the annual radiation exposure for the reprocessing work force, particularly during the period 1965 through 1978. It also presents the collective and average individual annual exposures for various occupations including operators, mechanics, electricians, control laboratory technicians, and health physicists. Periodic and repetitive work activities that result in the highest radiation exposures are also described. The assimilation of radionuclides, particularly plutonium, by the work force is reviewed. Methods that have been developed to minimize the exposure of reprocessing personnel are described. The success of these methods is illustrated by experience - there has been no individual worker exposure of greater than 3.1 rems per year and only one plutonium assimilation greater than the maximum permissible body burden during the 24 years of operation of the facilities.

A single electrostatic wave in a magnetoplasma causes stochastic ion motion in several physically different situations. Various magnetic fields (uniform, tokamak, and mirror) and various propagation angles with respect to the field have been studied. A brief review of this work shows that all situations can be understood using the concept of overlapping resonances. Analytical calculations of the wave amplitude necessary for stochasticity have been carried out in some cases and compared with computer and laboratory experiments. In the case of an axisymmetric mirror field the calculations predict stochastic motion of ions with energy below a threshold that depends weakly on the wave amplitude and on the scale lengths of the magnetic field. Studies with an azimuthally asymmetric field show that the asymmetry causes substantial changes in the motion of some ions.

Preliminary results are given from the Mark II experiment at SPEAR on radiative decays of the psi' (3684) and on inclusive baryon production from 3.67 to 7.4 GeV center-of-mass energy. A 90% confidence level upper limit of 0.12% is given for BR(psi' ..-->.. ..gamma..eta'/sub c/(3455)) x BR(eta'/sub c/(3455 ..-->.. ..gamma..psi)). 10 references.

The problem of collisional particle and energy transport in open-ended systems, where the axial transport is dominant, is considered. The Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution function has previously been solved in two limits: when the mean-free-path lambda/sub mfp/ is long compared to the system length L, and when lambda/sub mfp/ << L. A Monte Carlo procedure is presented for the solution of the equation which is formally valid for any range of lambda/sub mfp/L, although it is most practical for lambda/sub mfp/ approx. L. Results are given for two problems relevant to mirror devices at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, namely, electron confinement in 2XIIB and ion confinement in the tandem mirror TMX.

Strength and ductility properties and stress-strain behavior of wrought 304 SS and 316 SS and weld-deposited 308 SS were correlated with a neutron irradiation damage parameter which incorporates effects of temperature (645 to 740/sup 0/K), exposure (10/sup 24/ to 10/sup 27/ n/m/sup 2/) and spectrum (average neutron energies from 0 to 0.77 MeV). The parameter reflects a greater spectral sensitivity for 304 SS than for the other two materials and predicts less damage as spectrum becomes softer or temperature increases at a given exposure. The correlations show that properties remain at the preirradiation value until some threshold exposure is exceeded, then strength increases and ductility decreases until saturation is reached at high exposures. Damage parameter values at the threshold and at saturation for 316 SS were higher than those for the other two materials. Heat-to-heat variations in irradiation response contributed to data variability, which was large for the extensive data base on 304 SS but smaller for the limited data bases available for 316 SS and 308 SS. The property correlations have engineering applications for setting neutron exposure limits, evaluating design allowable stress intensity values, or conducting inelastic analyses of irradiated structures.

During the last few decades interest in negative-hydrogen ion sources has been directed mainly toward synchrotron and other particle accelerator applications, with emphasis on high current densities delivered for short pulses. But within the last several years there has been an awareness in the magnetic fusion program of the future need for negative ions as a means for generating high energy neutral beams, beams with energies above a few hundred keV. Negative ions seem to be the only effective intermediary for efficiently producing such beams. Although methods for generating negative ion beams have relied upon synchrotron concepts, the requirements for fusion are very different: here one is interested in more moderate current densities, up to 100 m A cm/sup -2/, but with continuous operation. Proposed source modules would accelerate of the order of 10 A of beam current and deliver several megawatts of beam power. Both H/sup -/ and D/sup -/ beams are being considered for application in different reactor systems. The conceptualization of negative ion sources is now in a very volatile stage. But of the great variety of proposals that have been offered to date, three general areas appear ready for development. These are: first, the double charge …

Analytical methods for calculating fuel pin cladding bending and ovalling stresses due to pin bundle-duct mechanical interaction taking into account nonlinear creep are presented. Calculated results are in close agreement with finite element results by MARC-CDC program. The methods are used to investigate the effect of creep on the FTR fuel cladding bending and ovalling stresses. It is concluded that the cladding of 316 SS 20% CW and reference design has high creep rates in the FTR core region to keep the bending and ovalling stresses to low levels.