Present knowledge of United States tar sands, including physical properties, occurrence, reserves, and recovery methods, is reviewed and evaluated. Tar sands are oil-, bitumen-, asphalt-, tar-, or petroleum-impregnated rock from which little hydrocarbon material is recoverable by conventional crude oil production techniques. Tar sand oil has been produced by steam injection and underground combustion techniques and by mining methods. However, efficient application of nonmining recovery techniques is hindered because of difficulties in establishing and maintaining formation permeability. Mining and processing methods being used in or proposed for Canadian commercial operations are also discussed.

For 50 years particle accelerators employing accelerating cavities and deflecting magnets have been developed at a prodigious rate. New accelerator concepts and hardware ensembles have yielded great improvements in performance and GeV/$. The great idea for collective acceleration resulting from intense auxiliary charged-particle beams or laser light may or may not be just around the corner. In its absence, superconductivity (SC) applied both to rf cavities and to magnets opened up the potential for very large accelerators without excessive energy consumption and with other economies, even with the cw operation desirable for colliding beams. HEP has aggressively pioneered this new technology: the Fermilab single ring 1 TeV accelerator - 2 TeV collider is near the testing stage. Brookhaven National Laboratory's high luminosity pp 2 ring 800 GeV CBA collider is well into construction. Other types of superconducting projects are in the planning stage with much background R and D accomplished. The next generation of hadron colliders under discussion involves perhaps a 20 TeV ring (or rings) with 40 TeV CM energy. This is a very large machine: even if the highest practical field B approx. 10T is used, the radius is 10x that of the Fermilab accelerator. An extreme effort …

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New Hot Laboratory Facilities which support three major research programs directed by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California are described. For the Nuclear Rocket Propulsion Program, a hot cell addition to the Radio Chemistry Building at Los Alamos will be completed early in 1963, and construction is expected to start soon on the hot cell addition to the Maintenance, Assembly and Disassembly Building at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station in Nevada. Integral hot laboratories are designed in the facilities for the Ultra High Temperature Reactor Experiment and the Fast Reactor Core Test at Los Alamos. (auth)

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The labeling of newly-formed lymph cells with tritiated thymidine, lymphatic duct cannulation, and the peripheral destruction of lymphocytes by extracorporeal irradiation of the blood were used to estimate the mass of prestored lymphocytes and the relative degree of recirculation of 1ymphocytes from blood to lymph and back again. Topics discussed include the effects of extiacorporeal irradiation on the histologic picture of the lymphoreticular tissue, the influence of extracorporeal irradiation upon the thoracic duct output, and preliminary observations on labeling of lymphocytes by tritiated thymidine at the completion of extracorporeal irradiation. Data indicate that the mass of preformed small lymphocytes may be as large as 40 times that present in peripheral blood, that the blood feeds lymphocytes primarily into the lymph, and presents strong evidence for lymphocyte recycling. (C.H.)

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MAMMALIA. Radiation effects on, effects of dose rate on; RADIOBIOLOGY. Conference on effects of dose rate on radiosensitivity of mammals.

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The distribution of velocity vectors of reaction products is discussed with emphasis on the restrictions imposed by the conservation laws. The recoil velocity that carries the products away from the center of mass shows how the energy of reaction is divided between internal excitation and translation. Similarly, the angular distributions, as viewed from the center of mass, reflect the partitioning of the total angular momentum between angular momenta of individual molecules and orbital angular momentum associated with their relative motion. Crossed-beam studies of several reactions of the type M + RI yields R + MI are described, where M = K, Rb, Cs, and R = CH/sub 3/, C/sub 3/H/sub 5/, etc. The results show that most of the energy of reaction goes into internal excitation of the products and that the angular distribution is quite anisotropic, with most of the MI recoiling backward (and R forward) with respect to the incoming K beam. (auth)

Various mechanisms for the formation of point defects in ionic crystals are considered. Their probable importance as a function of the energy of the ionizing radiation and the temperature at which the irradiation takes place is discussed. Complex centers formed from aggregates of simple point defects are reviewed and their occurrence considered in terms of the expected spatial distribution of the point defects. The effect of high energy x rays and protons on the ionic conductivity is discussed in terms of a new interpretation of the conductivity curve as a function of temperature, and it is suggested that radiation-enhanced diffusion may be important in explaining the experimental data. (auth)

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A solenoid wound with high-field superconducting wire displays maximum currents and fields (H) that are less than the critical field of the wire itself in an equal field (H). Montgomery's and Chandraseknar and Hulm's models for these maximum properties indicate, respectively, a unique coil quenching characteristic for geometrically similar solenoids and one unique characteristic for all solenoids with identical wire type and turn distance. Experiments with Pb coils did not verify Montgomery's model and contradicted Chandrasekhar and Hulm's model. The experimental results, however, did support an analysis of the surface currents in an ideal superconducting infinitely long solenoid. (D.C.W.)

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The current-carrying capacity of Nb- Zr wire was studied under conditions of swept magnetic field and fixed wire current and of fixed magnetic field and swept wire current. The effects of wire movement, thermal environment, copper coating of the wire, and rate of sweep of wire current or magnetic field were determined for these test conditions. (auth)

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