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A Visit to Old Fort Washita (open access)

A Visit to Old Fort Washita

Article details how Fort Washita served as a safe place for migrants going west and as a military outpost for the United States.
Date: Summer 1929
Creator: Morrison, W. B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Fly Leaf (open access)

The Fly Leaf

Article explains how John B. Beall and some of his fellow service men created the Fly Leaf, a newspaper distributed at Fort Washita.
Date: Autumn 1928
Creator: Methvin, J. J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chickasaw Courts (open access)

Chickasaw Courts

Article details the history the Panola County Court House, a court building that has undergone many name changes and relocations.
Date: Winter 1927
Creator: Mashburn, John H.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Fort Washita (open access)

Fort Washita

Article chronicles the establishment and history of Fort Washita, a military fort established by the United States government to protect members of the Chickasaw tribes from other invading tribes.
Date: Summer 1927
Creator: Morrison, W. B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Fort McCulloch (open access)

Fort McCulloch

Article chronicles the military activities that took place in and around Fort McCulloch, a Confederate fort within Oklahoma. This article pays close attention to the actions of General Albert Pike, commander of all the military forces of the Confederacy within the Indian Territory.
Date: Autumn 1926
Creator: Morrison, W. B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Anatomy of an Oklahoma Lynching: Bryan County, August 12-13, 1911 (open access)

Anatomy of an Oklahoma Lynching: Bryan County, August 12-13, 1911

Article provides details surrounding the lynching of John Lee, a black man who attacked and killed a woman alone with her children near Durant, Oklahoma in 1911. Lowell Blaisdell describes the history of racial violence in the area, including other lynching incidents, and the circulation of rumors and paranoia that went hand-in-hand with the attitudes of the era.
Date: Autumn 2001
Creator: Blaisdell, Lowell L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The First Lady of Education: Oklahoman Kate Galt Zaneis (open access)

The First Lady of Education: Oklahoman Kate Galt Zaneis

Article provides a biographical tribute to Kate Galt Zaneis, the first woman in the country as well as the state of Oklahoma to become president of a state institution of higher learning. James C. Milligan and L. David Norris describe her career as well as the many changes she instituted at Southeastern State Teachers College in Durant during the 1930s.
Date: Autumn 1993
Creator: Milligan, James C. & Norris, L. David
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Where is Mainstreet? The Commercial Landscape of Four Oklahoma Small Towns (open access)

Where is Mainstreet? The Commercial Landscape of Four Oklahoma Small Towns

Article examines the decline of services in small-town Oklahoma using results of a study of four commercial centers: Caddo, Wapanucka, Calera, and Bromide. Brian L. Schulz introduces some programs that may help revitalize these rural areas.
Date: Spring 1993
Creator: Schulz, Brian L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The McKinney Name is Honored (open access)

The McKinney Name is Honored

Article traces the history of the McKinney name and the construction of the Normal School at Durant, Oklahoma. Mary M. Frye highlights the lives of the influential McKinneys who impacted the history of the Normal school, which became Southeastern State College in 1951 and is now Southeastern Oklahoma State University.
Date: Autumn 1951
Creator: Frye, Mary M.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
William Elbert Utterback (open access)

William Elbert Utterback

Article provides a biographical tribute to lawyer and banker William Elbert Utterback. Charles Evans describes his upbringing and education in Mississippi, experience in the United States Army, and involvement in the community and business in the Durant region of Oklahoma.
Date: Winter 1953
Creator: Evans, Charles
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Minutes of the Third Quarterly Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society, Held in the City of Durant, Oklahoma, on November 12, 1953 (open access)

Minutes of the Third Quarterly Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society, Held in the City of Durant, Oklahoma, on November 12, 1953

This section includes the minutes of the third quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on November 12, 1953.
Date: Winter 1953
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Robert Lee Williams as I Knew Him (open access)

Robert Lee Williams as I Knew Him

Article provides a transcript of the address given by Baxtor Taylor at the dedication of the monument to Robert L. Williams. Taylor provides his personal perspective on the life of the judge and discusses his own experience as a newspaper editor in Atoka reporting on the Constitutional Convention Williams attended.
Date: Winter 1953
Creator: Taylor, Baxter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Mary Alice Hearrell Murray: A Chickasaw Girl in Indian Territory (open access)

Mary Alice Hearrell Murray: A Chickasaw Girl in Indian Territory

Article examines the early life of Alice Hearell Murray and her impact on the beginning of the career of her husband, William "Alfalfa Bill" Murray.
Date: Winter 2014
Creator: Reese, Linda Williams
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
“Educate or We Perish”: The Armstrong Academy’s History as Part of the Choctaw Educational System (open access)

“Educate or We Perish”: The Armstrong Academy’s History as Part of the Choctaw Educational System

Article explores the evolution of Armstrong Academy, a boarding school for American Indian boys, from its opening in 1845 to its untimely closing in 1920.
Date: Autumn 2011
Creator: Miles, Dennis
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
On the Gallows' Edge: Capital Punishment, Appeals, and Presidential Clemency in Indian Territory, 1896-1907 (open access)

On the Gallows' Edge: Capital Punishment, Appeals, and Presidential Clemency in Indian Territory, 1896-1907

This article continues Von Creel's study of the administration of justice in Indian Territory courts and expands upon the application of capital punishment. Von Creel details the cases of nine individuals who were convicted of capital crimes but who escaped hanging. Their stories involve the complicated legal processes of appeal, application for presidential clemency, commutation of sentence, and post-verdict motions.
Date: Summer 2006
Creator: Creel, Von Russell
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Golden Age of Bloomfield Academy in the Chickasaw Nation (open access)

The Golden Age of Bloomfield Academy in the Chickasaw Nation

Article chronicles the history of Bloomfield Academy, an all-female mission school within the Chickasaw District of Indian Territory. Included within the article is an appendix focused on the closing exercises of the seminary in 1904.
Date: Winter 1971
Creator: Mitchell, Irene B. & Renken, Ida Belle
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Marking the Butterfield: Retracing the Indian Territory Segment of the 1858-61 Butterfield Overland Mail Stagecoach Road (open access)

Marking the Butterfield: Retracing the Indian Territory Segment of the 1858-61 Butterfield Overland Mail Stagecoach Road

In 2018 the National Park Service recommended that the Butterfield Overland Mail Stagecoach Road be designated a National Historic Trail. Sixty years earlier, OHS staff marked this important trade and transit route with historical markers. This article retraces the road, describing the landmarks as they appeared on the 1958 trek as well as their present conditions.
Date: Spring 2019
Creator: Dragoo, Susan Penn
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Preliminary Summary of Archaeological Investigations in the South Barracks, Fort Washita, Bryan County, Oklahoma (open access)

Preliminary Summary of Archaeological Investigations in the South Barracks, Fort Washita, Bryan County, Oklahoma

Article details the findings of an archeological dig at Fort Washita conducted in 1971. The article lists what was found at the site and how the scientists procured them.
Date: Winter 1971
Creator: Wyckoff, Don G. & Spivey, Towana
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
One Succeeded, One Did Not: Bacone College and the Oklahoma Presbyterian College, 1910-80 (open access)

One Succeeded, One Did Not: Bacone College and the Oklahoma Presbyterian College, 1910-80

Article explores the success and failure of two American Indian institutions of higher education; Bacone College and Oklahoma Presbyterian College. While Bacone still serves students in the twenty-first century, Oklahoma Presbyterian closed in the 1960s. This article identifies the reasons why Bacone survived, and Oklahoma Presbyterian College did not.
Date: Spring 2013
Creator: Crum, Steven J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Early Navigation and Commerce Along the Arkansas and Red Rivers in Oklahoma (open access)

Early Navigation and Commerce Along the Arkansas and Red Rivers in Oklahoma

Article explains how trade and transportation were carried out along the Arkansas and Red Rivers during the 19th century.
Date: Spring 1930
Creator: Wright, Muriel H. (Muriel Hazel), 1889-1975
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Old Philadelphia Baptist Church (open access)

Old Philadelphia Baptist Church

Article describes the founding and establishment of the Old Philadelphia Baptist Church, one of the oldest active Baptist organizations within the state of Oklahoma.
Date: Autumn 1935
Creator: Morrison, W. B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History