A more compact ..cap alpha..-particle time-of-flight spectrometer using a permanent field deflection magnet has been developed for laser fusion burn diagnostics. The spectrometer is being used to measure the number and energy distribution of fusion-produced ..cap alpha.. particles emitted from laser implosions of DT gas contained in glass microshells. It is planned to view the target from different angles using several spectrometers simultaneously. Comparison of energy loss and energy broadening vs angle can yield information concerning the symmetry of compression and subsequent burn. Results from target experiments on the LLL ARGUS laser facility are present.

The following aspects of HTGR reprocessing technology are discussed: characteristics of HTGR fuels, criteria for a fuel reprocessing flowsheet; selection of a reference reprocessing flowsheet, and waste treatment. (LK)

The design basis loss of coolant accident (LOCA) for light water nuclear reactors postulates a major break in a coolant line. Both the response of the reactor vessel and its mechanical system as well as the response of the pressure suppression containment system exterior to the pressure vessel are of primary interest following such an event. The ability to determine system response and the suitability of particular mechanical and structural design features in both cases is predicted on the completeness with which the dynamic environment created in the various compartments is treated. In January of 1976, the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) began a program for the NRC (RSR) to provide a sample problem solution activity which treats by numerical analysis the air-steam-water system flow implied by a LOCA. As a basis and focal point for modeling, the program addressed itself to the pressure suppression pool dynamics representative of the Mark I BWR. Program activities to date are described.

Nondestructive assay techniques were developed and implemented to permit the measurement of residual plutonium in glove boxes, conveyors, and tanks in areas of varying background using both gamma and neutron portable detection equipment. The gamma detector was a 2 x 2 inch sodium iodide detector collimated to view a well defined area. The neutron detector consisted of /sup 3/He tubes in a polyethylene case with a small amount of directionality. Application of the described techniques to equipment prior to removal has shortened the clean-up time by identifying the locations of recoverable quantities. The agreement between assigned values and recovered plutonium has been within 16 percent for quantities ranging from several grams up to kilogram levels.

Measurements of the /sup 14/N/sup 15/N//sup 14/N/sup 14/N and /sup 16/O/sup 18/O//sup 16/O/sup 16/O Raman intensity ratios have been made in air samples and pure gas samples. A high-resolution double monochromator was used with a C31034A-02 PM tube to count the photons scattered from a low-powered laser beam (1--2 watts). Standard high-speed modular electronics (approximately 10 ns resolution) were used to process the output pulses. The ..delta..J = 0 vibrational bands of /sup 14/N/sup 15/N and /sup 16/O/sup 18/O were observed to be essentially free of all interference except dark noise of approximately 3 counts/sec. The adjacent rotational structure of /sup 14/N/sup 14/N and /sup 16/O/sup 16/O showed no appreciable overlap with the ..delta..J = 0 bands of interest. Detailed spectra, comparison of the Raman intensity ratios with mass spectrometer isotope ratios, and Raman cross section data for /sup 14/N/sup 15/N and /sup 16/O/sup 18/O are presented. The applicability of Raman scattering as a technique for precision measurement of isotope ratios is discussed.

Development studies to date indicate that the HTGR fuel blocks can be effectively crushed with two stages of eccentric jaw crushing, followed by a double-roll crusher, a screener and an eccentrically mounted single-roll crusher for oversize particles. Burner development results indicate successful long-term operation of both the primary and secondary fluidized-bed combustion systems can be performed with the equipment developed in this program. Aqueous separation development activities have centered on adapting known Acid-Thorex processing technology to the HTGR reprocessing task. Significant progress has been made on dissolution of burner ash, solvent extraction feed preparation, slurry transfer, solids drying and solvent extraction equipment and flowsheet requirements.

This scenario proposes establishment of test and engineering facilities to (1) investigate the technological problems associated with laser fusion, (2) demonstrate fissile fuel production, and (3) demonstrate competitive electrical power production. Such facilities would be major milestones along the road to a laser-fusion power economy. The relevant engineering and economic aspects of each of these research and development facilities are discussed. Pellet design and gain predictions corresponding to the most promising laser systems are presented for each plant. The results show that laser fusion has the potential to make a significant contribution to our energy needs. Beginning in the early 1990's, this new technology could be used to produce fissile fuel, and after the turn of the century it could be used to generate electrical power.

Recent experimental results from studies of hadron interactions at Fermilab are surveyed. Elastic, total and charge-exchange cross section measurements, diffractive phenomena, and inclusive production, using nuclear as well as hydrogen targets, are discussed in these lectures.

The addition of polycarbonate sheet to albedo detectors for electrochemical etching provides a simple, inexpensive way to reduce the spectral sensitivity of the personnel dosimeter without losing the albedo features of sensitivity and ease of automation. The ECEP technique also provides the dosimetrist with the potential for identifying conditions of body orientation that might otherwise lead to significant error in dosimeter evaluation.

Required values of thermonuclear energy-gain, inertial confinement, laser-pulse energy and power for both electric power production by laser-fusion and for plutonium breeding by laser fusion-fission are obtained from simple considerations, and are tabulated for purposes of comparison. It is found that breeder requirements are very significantly less demanding, suggesting that plutonium breeding is a much more feasible near-term goal of laser fusion.

The data systems on the three mass spectrometers at LLL are computer-controlled, pulse-counting systems synchronized to a repeatedly swept magnetic field. The data are accumulated in the memory of the computer or in a Nuclear Data ND 180 in a multi-scaler mode of operation. This mode of data acquisition allows a continuous check of the background stability and makes tune-up easier. But the main benefit is a reduction in the required ion emission rate stability. By the use of standards to set the system dead time, we have been able to utilize the sensitivity of a pulse counting system without the expense of exotic equipment.

Using a pressure tuned narrowband pulsed dye laser we have investigated hyperfine effects in several ground state transitions in /sup 235/U I using the multistep laser photoionization method on an atomic beam. The instrumental linewidth was 300 to 400 MHz corresponding to a calculated residual Doppler width of approximately 300 MHz and a laser width of about 100 MHz. The technique also provides very accurate values (less than 100 MHz) for the isotope shifts for the investigated transitions.

The performance of critical facilities at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) are being evaluated for severe earthquake loading. Facilities at Livermore, Site-300 and the Nevada Test Site are included in this study. These facilities are identified, the seismic criteria used for the analysis are indicated, the various methods used for structural analysis are discussed and a summary of the results of facilities analyzed to date are presented.

Radiation shielding is a key subsystem in tokamak reactors. Design of this shield must evolve from economic and technological trade-off studies that account for the strong interrelations among the various components of the reactor system. These trade-offs are examined for the bulk shield on the inner side of the torus and for the special shields of major penetrations. Results derived are applicable for a large class of tokamak-type reactors.

Analytic studies were made of the adequacy of simulating earthquake effects at the Nevada Test Site for structural testing purposes. It is concluded that underground nuclear explosion ground motion will produce inelastic behavior and damage comparable to that produced by strong earthquakes. The generally longer duration of earthquakes compared with underground nuclear explosions does not appear to significantly affect the structural behavior of the building frames considered. A comparison of maximum ductility ratios, maximum story drifts, and maximum displacement indicate similar structural behavior for both types of ground motion. Low yield (10 - kt) underground nuclear explosions are capable of producing inelastic behavior in large structures. Ground motion produced by underground nuclear explosions can produce inelastic earthquake-like effects in large structures and could be used for testing large structures in the inelastic response regime. The Nevada Test Site is a feasible earthquake simulator for testing large structures.

A solid-state laser rod amplifier of moderate aperture achieving a high degree of spatial gain uniformity has been constructed and its performance evaluated. Digital and analogue techniques were used to optimize the amplifier design for performance in a laser fusion application. Results of simple 2-D computer simulations and experimental evaluations of amplifier performance are presented.

A more compact ..cap alpha..-particle time-of-flight spectrometer using a permanent field deflection magnet has been developed for laser fusion burn diagnostics. The spectrometer is being used to measure the number and energy distribution of fusion-produced ..cap alpha.. particles emitted from laser implosions of DT gas contained in glass microshells. It is planned to view the target from different angles using several spectrometers simultaneously. Comparison of energy loss and energy broadening vs angle can yield information concerning the nature of compression and subsequent burn. Results from target experiments on the LLL ARGUS laser facility are present.

This report addresses a compact poloidal divertor reference design for TNS.

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Thirteen papers are included. Three were represented by extended abstracts and are listed by title. Separate abstracts were prepared for ten papers. (MHR)

Temporally resolved x-ray spectra in the range of 1 to 20 keV have been obtained from gold disk targets irradiated by 1.06 ..mu..m laser pulses from the Argus facility. The x-ray streak camera used for the measurement has been calibrated for streak speed and dynamic range by using an air-gap Fabry-Perot etalon, and the instrument response has been calibrated using a multi-range monoenergetic x-ray source. The experimental results indicate that we are able to observe the ''hot'' x-ray temperature evolve in time and that the experimentally observed values can be qualitatively predicted by LASNEX code computations when the inhibited transport model is used.

Two successful shock tube experiments were recently performed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The experiments simulated the high enthalpy flow conditions that might arise in the nuclear blast encounter of a tunnel-based missile. The experiments, using a modified Voitenko high explosive generator, produced megabar pressure conditions at the inlet of the 2 cm-diameter air-filled shock tubes. Computer calculations have been done to model the 10/sup 5/-fold increase in air pressure in the Voitenko generator. These calculations are necessary to describe the source for the experiments and to permit better interpretation of the experimental data. A detailed understanding of the phenomenology of the compressor is also essential for optimization of future experiments, especially those involving scaling up to larger size shock tubes. An arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian computer code was selected to calculate the late-time high explosive driven motion of a steel plate into the bell shaped compressor section. It was found that ordinary Lagrangian and Eulerian codes had difficulty in properly treating the steel-air interfaces, whereas an arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian code was capable of modeling the complex flow of air past the steel interfaces in the compressor region. Using an improved equation of state for air, excellent agreement has been obtained in the …

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has established a training facility for hands-on instruction in various aspects of fissile material control. Eight hemispherical shells of 93% enriched uranium (approximately 23 kg) are used in a configuration convenient for demonstrating the effects of mass, reflectivity, separation, moderation and poison on the state of criticality. Various thicknesses of clear acrylic plastic are used as moderators in the center of the assembly and as reflectors surrounding the fissile material. Assembly is made on a vertical split table which can be manually operated to demonstrate the effect of separation distance between the hemispherical shells. Cadmium sheet is used to study the effect of poisons in isolating masses of fissile material and in isolating fissile material from reflectors. A central void is provided to accommodate a Californium-252 or plutonium-238 beryllium neutron source. Instrumentation for the training facility consists of standard BF/sub 3/ detectors with rare meter and scaler/timer output. Training experiments typically consist of making an approach to critical with the assembly in its optimum configuration and then demonstrating the effect of various parameters on the state of criticality. The effect multiplication constant of the assembly in its optimum configuration (spherical with full moderation and reflection) is …