Within the last few years, there have also appeared in the Heavy-Ion Fusion literature several studies of targets which have outer tampers. One-dimensional simulations indicate higher target gains with a judicious amount of tamping. But for these targets, a full investigation has not been carried through in regards to conservative criteria for fluid instabilities as well as reasonable imperfections in target fabrication and illumination symmetry which all affect target ignition and burn. Comparisons of these results with the gain survey of Part I would have to be performed with care. These calculations suggest that experiments relating to high temperature disk heating, as well as beam deposition, focusing and transport can be performed within the context of current design proposals for accelerator test-facilities. Since the test-facilities have lower ion kinetic energy and beam pulse power as compared to reactor drivers, we achieve high-beam intensities at the focal spot by using short focal distance and properly designed beam optics.

A prediction of dynamic soil properties at the site of a nuclear power plant plays a very important role in the seismic analysis of the facility. Conventional modal analysis procedures can accommodate virtually any range of equivalent elastic soil stiffness which is used to characterize the site. However, high radiation damping associated with energy dissipation in the soil half-space is difficult to accommodate in an elastic modal solution to the dynamic problem. Several methods are available to combine the soil damping with the structural damping in a composite modal damping coefficient. However, even with this convenient representation, the resulting large fractions of critical damping can make modal solutions to the problems suspect. This paper is based on experience gained in this area during studies performed for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission involving seismic analyses of power plants.

A possible source of preheat for heavy ion driven inertial fusion targets is the production of fast precursors by nuclear interactions between the incident heavy ions and the outer parts of the target. A model has been developed which roughly describes these interactions for all beam-target combinations for all incident energies. This interaction model has been applied to a specific capsule design. The resultant preheat is an order of magnitude below the level which could impair target performance.

The first lecture begins by reviewing the various facets of a thermonuclear-type plasma that will likely require special considerations or hardening of the applied diagnostic instrumentation. Several factors are necessary to adopt relatively standard plasma diagnostic techniques to function satisfactorily in the more hostile environment of a thermonuclear-type plasma. This lecture contains a listing of the various types of expected hardening requirements for a representative set of diagnostic instrumentation, including both on-line diagnostic instrumentation requirements for satisfactory operation and considerations to reduce integrated radiation damage sufficiently for a reasonable diagnostic lifetime. The second lecture in this series concerns several new diagnostics aimed specifically at measuring the plasma characteristics most appropriate to a thermonuclear-reactor-type plasma. This includes instrumentation needed to make quantitative energy-flow measurements during long-term operation with the expected high-input power sources, and locally very-high-wall power loadings. The second part of this lecture broadens diagnostics to include materials damage measurements needed for engineering design studies. This includes needed diagnostic instrumentation to assess first-wall damage, sputtering erosion at the walls (and high-power beam dumps), and radiation damage to components such as insulators.

Theoretical work on heavy-ion deposition physics continues at several US laboratories. For example, simulations of charge-state evolution during initial phases of beam-target interactions are suggestive that equilibrium charge is reached only after a substantial fraction of the ion range. Thus we expect reduced interactions and energy loss to the blow-off plasma and also to the tampers in the case of tamped targets. Studies of plasma effects of beam-target interactions are still relevant. But recent result of high current density experiments (250 kA/cm/sup 2/) with a deuteron beam at the Naval Research Laboratory are indicative of classical deposition for finite temperature plasmas. Moreover, presently we expect heavy-ion beams to have even more stable beam-target interactions than deuterons. Further experimental and accompanying theoretical studies would be very useful.

Various facets of a thermonuclear type plasma that will likely require special considerations or hardening of applied diagnostic instrumentation are reviewed. The discussion will include both on-line diagnostic instrumentation requirements for satisfactory operation and considerations to reduce integrated radiation damage sufficiently for a reasonable diagnostic lifetime. Several new diagnostics aimed specifically at measurements of the plasma characteristics most appropriate to a thermonculear reactor type plasma are discussed. This will include instrumentation needed to make quantitative energy flow measurements during long term operation with the expected high input power sources, and locally very high wall power loadings. The second part of this lecture will broaden diagnostics to include materials damage measurements needed for engineering design studies. This will include needed diagnostic instrumentation to assess first wall damage, sputtering erosion at walls (and high power beam dumps), and radiation damage to components such as insulators.