Heuristic relationships such as the Lawson-Penner criterion, used to scale Free Electron Laser (FEL) amplifier gain and efficiency over orders of magnitude in beam current and brightness, have no fundamental basis. The brightness of a given source is set by practical design choices such as peak voltage, cathode type, gun electrode geometry, and focusing field topology. The design of low emittance, high current electron guns has received considerable attention at Livermore over the past few years. The measured brightnesses of the Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) and Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) guns are less than predicted with the EBQ gun design code; this discrepancy is due to plasma effects from the present cold, plasma cathode in the code. The EBQ code is well suited to exploring the current limits of gridless relativistic Pierce columns with moderate current density (<50 A/cm/sup 2/) at the cathode. As EBQ uses a steady-state calculation it is not amenable for study of transient phenomena at the beam head. For this purpose, a Darwin approximation code, DPC, has been written. The main component in our experimental cathode development effort is a readily modified electron gun that will allow us to test many candidate cathode materials, types and …

We have derived the primary recoil spectra for thermal neutron capture in copper and molybdenum, and have calculated the damage energy cross-sections needed to determine the defect production efficiencies from measured resistivity damage rates. These efficiencies, which are in excellent agreement with fully dynamic computer simulations of collision cascades, are compared to the predictions of displacement functions which are currently in use.

We consider the propagation of laser light in an initially slightly nonuniform plasma. The classical dispersion relation for the laser filamentation growth rate (see e.g., B. Langdon, in the 1980 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Laser Program Annual Report, pp. 3-56, UCRL-50021-80, 1981) can be generalized to include other acoustical effects. For example, we find that the inclusion of potential imbalances in the heating and cooling rates of the ambient medium due to density and temperature perturbations can cause the laser filamentation mode to bifurcate into a cooling instability mode at long acoustic wavelengths. We also attempt to study semi-analytically the nonlinear evolution of this and related instabilities. These results have wide applications to a variety of chemical gas lasers and phenomena related to laser-target interactions (e.g., jet-like behavior).

The microscopic basis of the Interacting Boson Model for deformed nuclei is discussed. The IBM Hamiltonian is constructed microscopically in the following two steps. In the first step, the collective nucleon pairs of J = 0/sup +/ (S), 2/sup +/ (D), etc. are mapped onto the corresponding bosons. Nucleon-nucleon interactions are also mapped onto boson-boson interactions. This mapping method for deformed nuclei was proposed recently, and it turned out that this method is consistent with the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov + angular momentum projection calculation. Low-lying collective states primarily consist of S and D pairs. Consequently, the corresponding boson states mainly consist of s and d bosons, while there are some admixture of g-bosons. In the second step, effects of these g-bosons are included within the s-d boson space by a unitary transformation which transforms a combination of d and g bosons into a new d-boson. By minimizing the coupling between new d and g bosons with an appropriate mixing angle, one can neglect the coupling and obtain the IBM Hamiltonian with s and d bosons. It is demonstrated that the s-d Hamiltonian thus derived indeed reproduces spectra of the original s-d-g Hamiltonian.

Variations in soil loss as a function of certain land use and land management practices were investigated on a small watershed in the Texas Panhandle using CREAMS, a recently developed computer model capable of simulating dynamic rainfall, runoff, and erosion processes over the time-frame of decades. Simulations of different curve numbers, three types of cropping, and varying crop yield and plowing practices were made to determine the sensitivity of soil loss to these parameters. Comparisons were made to actual in-field measurements of soil loss on experimental plots. 8 references, 3 figures.

Since 1978 the United States Department of Energy's Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain program has conducted research fundamental to a better understanding of atmospheric transport and diffusion in complex topographies. Expertise in atmospheric physics theory, computer modeling, laboratory modeling, and field experimentation have been integrated into a balanced program. The initial emphases of the research were on nocturnal drainage winds, the effect terrain has on them, and their interactions with external flows. Highlights of some physical concepts of nocturnal drainage winds, derived mainly from the results of the field experiments, are presented. 21 references, 11 figures.

This report discussses such things as operating scenarios and engineering features of the upgrade. In particular, such things as the magnet system, heating, fueling, drift pumping, halo scraper, direct converter, vacuum pumping, tritium systems, vacuum vessel and support structure, shielding, electrical systems, maintenance, safety and siting, and the operation and test program are described. (MOW)