Article shows that the mechanism of anthocyanin and proanthocyanin (PA) accumulation in M. truncatula is different from that in A. thaliana, and provides a new target gene for engineering anthocyanins in plants.

Article examining the domains of social determinants of health, specifically the social and community context per Healthy People 2030 objectives. These mechanisms of social interaction, in the form of group activities, community engagement, and virtual interactions via email or text message, were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis to find out their association with wellbeing, depression symptoms, and cognition of older adults.

This article, as an alternative route to empirical models, shows that a structural descriptor based on the number of topological constraints per atom can be used to predict the initial dissolution rate of aluminosilicate and borosilicate glasses after being parameterized on different families of glasses (specific series of borosilicate glasses). Results show that, provided that corrections are made for high alkali content glasses that dissolve incongruently (preferential release of Na), the model gives reasonable predictions, even far from its training domain.

Article describes study which sought to evaluate the efficiency of pilot water desalination system treating brackish water which was obtained mixing fresh water and seawater up to reach 1,500 mg L-1 of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration.

Article examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate variables, such as humidity index, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (ET0) from 1961 to 2014 in the North China Plain (NCP).

Article discusses a novel eutectoid nano-lamellar (FCC + L12)/(BCC + B2) microstructure that has been discovered in a relatively simple Al0.3CoFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) or complex concentrated alloy (CCA).

Paper discusses the results of studying the structural and thermophysical properties of chitosan + starch + poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Ch + S + PET) fibers developed via electrospinning.

This article describes the University of North Texas Digital Projects Unit Imaging Lab's replication of the Points Process system developed by the Northwestern University Libraries' Repository and DIgital Curation Department.

ESCAR is an experimental superconducting accelerator which is being built at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory to gain timely, full-scale experience in the construction and operation of a fully cryogenic accelerator. A report is given of the construction of several non-conventional items.

The possibility of using intense bursts of heavy ions to initiate an inertially confined fusion reaction has stimulated interest in the transport of intense unneutralized heavy ion beams by quadrupole or solenoid systems. This problem was examined in some detail, using numerical integration of the coupled envelope equations for the quadrupole case. The general relations which emerge are used to develop examples of high energy transport systems and as a basis for discussing the limitations imposed by a transport system on achievable intensities for initial acceleration.

A semi-automatic precision surveying system is being developed for PEP. Reference elevations for vertical alignment will be provided by a liquid level. The short range surveying will be accomplished using a Laser Surveying System featuring automatic data acquisition and analysis.

Shock-accelerated material interfaces are potentially unstable to both the Richtmyer-Meshkov and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. Shear that develops along with these instabilities in turn drives the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. When driven by strong shocks, the evolution and interaction of these instabilities is further complicated by compressibility effects. In this paper, we present a computational study of the formation of jets at strongly driven hydrodynamically unstable interfaces, and the interaction of these jets with one another and with developing spikes and bubbles. This provides a nonlinear spike-spike and spike-bubble interaction mechanism that can have a significant impact on the large-scale characteristics of the mixing layer. These interactions result in sensitivity to the initial perturbation spectrum, including the relative phases of the various modes, that persists long into the nonlinear phase of instability evolution. We describe implications for instability growth rates, the bubble merger process, and the degree of mix in the layer. Finally, we consider results from relevant deceleration RT experiments, performed on OMEGA, to demonstrate some of these effects.

Lengthwise compression of space-charge-dominated beams is needed to obtain the high input power required for heavy-ion fusion. The ''drift-compression'' scenario studied here first applies a head-to-tail velocity variation with the beam tail moving faster than the head. As the beam drifts, the longitudinal space-charge field slows compression, leaving the beam nearly monoenergetic as it enters the final-focus magnets. This paper presents initial work to model this compression scenario. Fluid and particle simulations are compared, and several strategies for setting up the compression schedule are discussed.

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Two methods of up-scaling coupled equations at the microscale to equations valid at the mesoscale and/or macroscale for fluid-saturated and partially saturated porous media are discussed, compared, and contrasted. The two methods are: (1) two-scale and multiscale homogenization, and (2) volume averaging. Both these methods have advantages for some applications and disadvantages for others. For example, homogenization methods can give formulas for coefficients in the up-scaled equations, whereas volume averaging methods give the form of the up-scaled equations but generally must be supplemented with physical arguments and/or data in order to determine the coefficients. Homogenization theory requires a great deal of mathematical insight from the user in order to choose appropriate scalings for use in the resulting power-law expansions, while volume averaging requires more physical insight to motivate the steps needed to find coefficients. Homogenization often is performed on periodic models, while volume averaging does not require any assumption of periodicity and can therefore be related very directly to laboratory and/or field measurements. Validity of the homogenization process is often limited to specific ranges of frequency - in order to justify the scaling hypotheses that must be made - and therefore cannot be used easily over wide ranges of frequency. …

The dc electrical requirements of the PEP magnets fall mainly into two categories: (1) high power and current of single polarity and (2) low-power bi-polar. The first category will be thyristor-chopper controlled off common 600 V dc busses. The second group will utilize continuously controlled push-pull transistor actuators.

This report discusses the management and security of nuclear weapons in the post-cold war United States. The definition of what constitutes security is clearly changing in the US. It is now a much more integrated view that includes defense and the economy. The author tries to bring some semblance of order to these themes in this brief adaptation of a presentation.

The Mirror Advanced Reactor Study (MARS) is a conceptual design study for a commercial fusion power reactor. One of the major goals of MARS is to develop design guidance so that fusion reactors can meet reasonable expectations for environmental health and safety. One of the first steps in the assessment of health and safety requirements was to examine what the guidelines might be for health and safety in disposal of radioactive wastes from fusion reactors. Then, using these quidelines as criteria, the impact of materials selection upon generation of radioactive wastes through neutron activation of structural materials was investigated. A conclusion of this work is that fusion power systems may need substantial engineering effort in new materials development and selection to meet the probable publicly acceptable levels of radioactivity for waste disposal in the future.

For an energy-efficient accelerator system to be used for a free-electron laser, the stability of an energy-recovery system utilizing a bridge coupler placed between the accelerator and the decelerator is studied numerically. Energy is recovered by recirculating the accelerated electron beam through the decelerator; the recovered energy is then transported through the bridge coupler to the accelerator. The calculation shows that a large transient voltage oscillation is induced in the system. This transient oscillation can be reduced significantly by slowly applying both the electron-beam current and the klystron power at the beginning. Two types of instabilities are predicted according to the scraping of the electron beam between the accelerator and the decelerator. When the energy spectrum of the electron beam is scraped at the high end, the system induces an oscillation. However, when the low-energy end is scraped, the electron recirculation may stop unless the klystron power is boosted by a feedback system.

This brief discussion of replicons of higher plants offers a glimpse into the properties of chromosomal DNA replication. It gives evidence that the S phase of unrelated plant species is comprised of temporally ordered replicon families that increase in number with genome size. This orderly process, which assures a normal inheritance of genetic material to recipient daughter cells, is maintained at the level of replicon clusters by two mutually exclusive mechanisms, one involving the rate at which single replicons replicate their allotment of DNA, and another by means of the tempo-pause. The same two mechanisms are used by cells to alter the pattern of chromosomal DNA replication just prior to and during normal development. Both mechanisms are genetically determined and produce genetic effects when disturbed of disrupted by additional non-conforming DNAs. Further insight into how these two mechanisms operate requires more molecular information about the nature of replicons and the factors that govern when a replicon family replicates. Plant material is a rich and ideal source for this information just awaiting exploitation. 63 refs.

The lasertron is more efficient, lighter, and smaller than a klystron, especially at outputs below 2 GHz. Higher peak output powers are possible with the lasertron, and a separate modulator is not required. These advantages are useful for rf accelerators and linear colliders. The electron dynamics are simulated to estimate the device performance limits and to design an experimental lasertron. The relativistic electron dynamics are followed from the photocathode through the acceleration region and through the output region. The total fields are the sum of the space-charge, external magnetic, and acceleration or output-cavity fields. Wake fields are ignored, and the steady-state output fields are found. Lasertron performance as a function of acceleration field, charge per pulse nd frequency is calculated, showing its avantages and limitations. A preliminary design for the first Orsay lasertron experiment is presented.

A beam buncher has been designed, fabricated, and installed on the accelerator test stand (ATS) to match the 2-MeV output beam of a 425-MHz H/sup -/ radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) into a 425-MHz drift-tube linac (DTL). The buncher configuration provides integral-matching permanent-magnet quadrupoles (PMQ) at the exit of the RFQ and one ..beta..lambda across the buncher accelerating gap; a third PMQ is the first DTL half-cell magnet. Located between the second and third PMQs is a 50-..cap omega.., capacitively coupled, beam-sensing pickup loop. Cooling channels are provided in each of the brazed OFHC copper wall sections. Vacuum pumping of the buncher is provided by a cryogenic refrigerator vacuum pump through an array of small-diameter holes in the buncher cavity wall. Mechanical features of the buncher, the brazing and electron-beam welding of the solid-copper buncher structure, and the beam pickup loop are described in this paper. The buncher has been tuned, installed, and operated at full power on the ATS.

The small-angle source (SAS) and 4X source are Penning surface-plasma sources (SPS) that produce high-brightness H/sup -/ ion beams for accelerator applications. However, electrode cooling considerations have limited the duty factor for pulsed operation to 1 to 3% and the maximum cw H/sup -/ beam to 2 to 4 mA. The addition of some active cooling to the 4X source has allowed pulsed operation at 6% duty factor for arc parameters sufficient to produce approx. 100 mA of H/sup -/ beam. More vigorous cooling, now being added, should allow production of cw H/sup -/ beams up to 20 to 40 mA. The cooled electrodes were designed using the predictions of TOPAZ2D, a 2-D transient, conductive heat-transfer code. The latest results, along with the possibility of producing even larger cw II/sup -/ beam currents, will be discussed.

A design concept is presented for an advanced hadron facility consisting of a combined kaon factory and second generation spallation source. Our proposed facility consists of a 1.2 GeV superconducting H/sup -/ linac to bring the LAMPF energy up to 2 GeV, a multi-ring 2 GeV compressor, a shared cold-neutron and stopped-pion neutrino source, a 60 GeV 25 ..mu..Amp 6 Hz proton synchrotron, and kaon and proton experimental areas. We discuss the considerations which led to this design concept. We summarize recent results of r and d work on components for rapid-cycling synchrotrons. Finally, we mention briefly a pion linac, which may be a good way to gain experience with superconducting cavities if advanced hadron facility funding is delayed.