Article discusses the morpho-syntax of phrasal proper names like Deutsche Bahn 'German Railway' and Norske Skog 'Norwegian Forest' in German and Norwegian. The authors document that phrasal proper names may show features of recursivity evidenced most clearly in Norwegian.

Article discusses how despite the advantages of online education, it lacks face-to-face settings, which makes it very difficult to analyze the students’ level of interaction, understanding, and confusion. This study proposes a novel engineering approach that uses probability-based features (PBF) for increasing the efficacy of machine learning models.

This article simulates Antihydrogen formation involving magnetobound positronium by computing classical trajectories.

Article documenting the world's southernmost tree along with the condition and growth pattern of the world's southernmost forest on Isla Hornos, Chile. This offers an ideal way to test the relationship between the biogeography of individual species and the effects of climate/climate change.

This article reviews several methodologies to quantify endocannabinoids in various biological systems.

This article fabricates 3D photonic crystals or quasi-crystals through single beam and single optical element based holographic lithography.

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Article on detecting evolutionary strata on the human X chromosome in the absence of gametologous Y-linked sequences.

This article identifies vascular plants and mosses in Cerro Bandera, Puerto Williams Chile.

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The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is a next generation optical survey aimed at understanding the expansion rate of the Universe using four complementary methods: weak gravitational lensing, galaxy cluster counts, baryon acoustic oscillations, and Type Ia supernovae. To perform the survey, the DES Collaboration is building the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), a 3 square degree, 570 Megapixel CCD camera that will be mounted at the prime focus of the Blanco 4-meter telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. CCD production has finished, yielding roughly twice the required 62 2k x 4k detectors. The construction of DECam is nearly finished. Integration and commissioning on a 'telescope simulator' of the major hardware and software components, except for the optics, recently concluded at Fermilab. Final assembly of the optical corrector has started at University College, London. Some components have already been received at CTIO. 'First-light' will be sometime in 2012. This oral presentation concentrates on the technical challenges involved in building DECam (and how we overcame them), and the present status of the instrument.

Insertion devices for Angstrom-wavelength Free Electron Laser (FEL) amplifiers driven by multi-GeV electron beams generally require distributed focusing substantially stronger than their own natural focusing fields. Over the last several years a wide variety of focusing schemes and configurations have been proposed for undulators of this class, ranging from conventional current-driven quadrupoles external to the undulator magnets to permanent magnet (PM) lattices inserted into the insertion device gap. In this paper we present design studies of a flexible high-field hybrid/PM undulator with strong superimposed planar PM focusing proposed for a 1.5 Angstrom Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) driven by an electron beam with a 1 mm-mr normalized emittance. Attainable field parameters, tuning modes, and potential applications of the proposed structure are discussed.

The symmetrized 1.6 cell S-band photocathode gun developed by the BNL/SLAC/UCLA collaboration is in operation at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). A novel emittance compensation solenoid magnet has also been designed, built and is in operation at the ATF. These two subsystems form an emittance compensated photoinjector used for beam dynamics, advanced acceleration and free electron laser experiments at the ATF. The highest acceleration field achieved on the copper cathode is 150 MV/m, and the guns normal operating field is 130 MV/m. The maximum rf pulse length is 3 {mu}s. The transverse emittance of the photoelectron beam were measured for various injection parameters. The 1 nC emittance results are presented along with electron bunch length measurements that indicated that at above the 400 pC, space charge bunch lengthening is occurring. The thermal emittance, {epsilon}{sub o}, of the copper cathode has been measured.

The ionization of residual gas by an electron beam in an accelerator generates ions that can resonantly couple to the beam through a wave propagating in the beam-ion system. The original theory of the Fast Ion Instability was developed assuming both a constant external focusing and the beam size. The theory predicts an instability in which an initial perturbation grows as {approx} exp({alpha}{radical}t). In the present paper we consider a more realistic model that takes into account variation of the beta function in the lattice and associated with it variation of the beam size. We find that, in combination with ion decoherence effect, the spatial inhomogeneity can result in (1) purely exponential growth, {approx} exp({Lambda}t); and (2) typically smaller growth rates. Detailed calculations are performed for the lattice of the Advanced Light Source at the LBL.

A transverse geometrical wake generated by a beam passing through a smooth flat collimator with a gradually varying gap between the upper and lower walls is considered. Based on generalization of the approach recently developed for a smooth circular taper we reduce the electromagnetic problem of the impedance calculation to the solution of two much simpler static problems - a magnetostatic and an electrostatic ones. The solution shows that in the limit of not very large frequencies, the impedance increases with the ratio h/d where h is the width and d is the distance between the collimating jaws. Numerical results are presented for the NLC Post Linac collimator.