There is an observable and definable process that occurs during the course of responding to an abnormal event at a nuclear power plant. Each of the elements that comprise that process involves collective action and consequently is influenced by the character and effectiveness of organizational and managerial arrangements. Factors which affect each element include overt ones like the allocation of authority and responsibility and the skill of personnel, as well as covert factors like the methods used to resolve uncertainty. The purpose of this research project is to examine the process of response that occurs to an abnormal event at a nuclear power plant and where possible to identify the organizational and management factors that influence that process.

Hydrogen-bonding characteristics of molecules are extremely important in determining their boiling points, densities and water-solubilities, and these properties are important in understanding the adsorption of gases on charcoal. We show that empirical scales that measure hydrogen-bonding interactions can be correlated with the electrostatic properties of the molecules which agrees with previous worker's assessment that the hydrogen-bonding interaction is electrostatic in nature. Correlations both with single molecule properties as well as with the interaction energy between two molecules are found. This establishes a method for calculating these important properties which were previously available only through experiment or empirical scales. 12 refs., 3 figs.

The Computer Documentation Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory plays an important role in the monthly change control process by documenting network component changes in a publication called the ICN Change Bulletin. BULLETIN is a menu-driven utility used by programmers and computer documentation writers to create articles for the ICN Change Bulletin, which is published in both hardcopy (printed) and softcopy (electronic) forms. BULLETIN also provides information used by other change control software tools. This paper describes the BULLETIN utility and its evolution from a single-purpose authoring tool to a complex, multipurpose authoring and change control tool. 4 refs., 4 figs.

The main goal of the CERN heavy-ion experiments is the search for an indication that the predicted state of deconfined quarks and gluons, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), has been produced. The quantity most crucial to the probability of QGP formation is the thermalized energy density attained during the heavy-ion reaction. The amount of energy radiated transverse to the beam direction is the experimental quantity which is believed to be a measure of the amount of energy deposition in the reaction, and hence to reflect the energy density attained. In this presentation we consider the systematics of transverse energy production at CERN SPS energies, and we use the results to make estimates, under various assumptions, of attained energy densities.

In response to the need of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and long range space exploration and extra-terrestrial basing by the National Air and Space Administration (NASA), concepts for nuclear power systems in the multi-megawatt levels are being designed and evaluated. The requirements for these power systems are being driven primarily by the need to minimize weight and maximize safety and reliability. This paper will discuss the present requirements for space based advanced power systems, technological issues associated with the development of these advanced nuclear power systems, and some of the concepts proposed for generating large amounts of power in space. 31 figs.

At the Bevalac radioactive beams are routinely produced by the fragmentation process. The effectiveness of this process with respect to the secondary beam's emittance, intensity and energy spread depends critically on the nuclear reaction kinematics and the magnitude of the incident beam energy. When this beam energy significantly exceeds the energies of the nuclear reaction process, many of the qualities of the incident beam can be passed on to the secondary beam. Factors affecting secondary beam quality are discussed along with techniques for isolating and purifying a specific reaction product. The on-going radioactive beam program at the Bevalac is used as an example with applications, present performance and plans for the future. 6 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

An introduction is given to the Fermion Dynamical Symmetry Model (FDSM). The analytical symmetry limits of the model are then applied to the calculation of physical quantities such as ground-state masses and B(E{sub 2}) values in heavy nuclei. These comparisons with data provide strong support for a new principle of collective motion, the Dynamical Pauli Effect, and suggest that dynamical symmetries which properly account for the pauli principle are much more persistent in nuclear structure than the corresponding boson symmetries. Finally, we present an assessment of criticisms which have been voiced concerning the FDSM, and a discussion of new phenomena and exotic spectroscopy'' which may be suggested by the model. 14 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.

The topic of this symposium is the quest to discover, define, and interpret patterns in the universe. This quest has two parts. To discover and define these patterns is the task of science: this part of the quest is producing a copious flow of reliable information. To interpret or give meaning to these patterns is the task of natural philosophy: this part has not kept pace.

The course starts with an introduction, from the experimentalist's point of view, of the challenge of measuring Relativistic Heavy Ion interactions. A review of some theoretical predictions for the expected signatures of the quark gluon plasma will be made, with a purpose to understand how they relate to quantities which may be experimentally measured. A short exposition of experimental techniques and details is given including charged particles in matter, momentum resolution, kinematics and Lorentz Transformations, calorimetry. Principles of particle identification including magnetic spectrometers, time of flight measurement. Illustrations using the E802 spectrometer and other measured results. Resolution smearing of spectra, and binning effects. Parent to daughter effects in decay, with {pi}{sup 0} {yields} {gamma} {gamma} as an example. The experimental situation from the known data in p -- p collisions and proton-nucleus reactions is reviewed and used as a basis for further discussions. The Cronin Effect'' and the Seagull Effect'' being two arcana worth noting. Then, selected experiments from the BNL and CERN heavy ion programs are discussed in detail. 118 refs., 45 figs.

We discuss calculations of the coherent electromagnetic pair production in ultra-relativistic hadron collisions. This type of production, in lowest order, is obtained from three diagrams which contain two virtual photons. We discuss simple Monte Carlo methods for evaluating these classes of diagrams without recourse to involved algebraic reduction schemes. 19 refs., 11 figs.

We explore the effect of the stellar magnetic field on the spectrum of the disk by comparing synthesized disk spectra to the observed ultraviolet spectrum of the well-studied DQ Her binary GK Per. We use the parameterized disk-magnetosphere interaction models of Miller and Lamb to calculate the radius of the inner edge of the disk and the local heating rate within the disk as a function of radius. With appropriate choices of parameters, these models can describe the models of Ghosh and Lamb and Wang. Once the local heating rate is determined, we assign an effective temperature to each of a series of disk annuli. The disk spectrum is then calculated by summing the flux contributed by each annulus, assuming that each annulus has the same spectrum as a main-sequence star with the assigned effective temperature. 5 refs., 2 figs.

High grade astrocytomas have proven resistant to all conventional therapy. A technique to produce radiation enhancement during interstitial brain tumor irradiation by using a radiation sensitizer (IdUrd) and by stimulation of Auger electron cascades through absorption of low energy photons in iodine (Photon activation) is described. Clinical studies using IdUrd, {sup 192}Ir as a brachytherapy source, and external radiation have produced promising results. Substituting samarium-145 for {sup 192}Ir in this protocol is expected to produce enhanced results. 15 refs.

This paper discusses the measurement of particle spectra and correlations with good particle identification and with various triggers, such as selection of charged multiplicity, neutral energy and forward energy.

Recent results of surface produced negative ions are presented. Two low work function metal surfaces have been studied, barium and magnesium, in combination with several plasma generators; rf- and dc-filament discharges. The negative ion yield for barium is about 5 to 6 times larger than magnesium. This ratio is confirmed by model calculations on resonant charge exchange. 32 refs., 9 figs.

Since the original paper by Peter Higgs in 1964, which was only a page and a half long, the number of publications on the topic of the Higgs particle has grown year by year and threatens to overwhelm us. If only for this reason it has become imperative that we find the Higgs. In this lecture series we will begin with a general review of the standard model Higgs and a summary of existing experimental limits on Higgs masses. We will then discuss Higgs searches at e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} machines which are just coming on line, e.g. SLC and LEP, and proceed to work our way up to TLC, CLIC, and the SSC, where we will introduce the topic of W{sup +}W{sup {minus}} interactions. The range of Higgs masses we cover will span six orders of magnitude from MeV to TeV. Non-minimal Higgs searches will not be dealt with in this lecture series; instead see the excellent theoretical reviews of both minimal and non-minimal model Higgs. 55 refs., 51 figs., 20 tabs.

A miniature satellite is a low-cost platform to support a small space experiment. Space astrophysics has been hindered by decades-long delays in important experiments. With miniature satellites, one hopes to reduce both experiment cost and lead time to an affordable level. Miniature satellites are not a new idea. The first scientific satellites, including Explorer I, were small and developed on a timescale of months. Important science was done by these pioneer missions. Though the easy discoveries have been made, important missions in exploration and follow-up can still be carried out from small platforms. Successful small satellite programs continue to this day. These include the OSCAR amateur radio satellite program, in which 12 small satellites, built by amateurs, have been flown over 25 years with no satellite failures (Fleeter, 1988). Two small free-flyers, GLOMAR and NUSAT, were ejected from the Shuttle in 1985. GLOMAR, a radio-relay experiment, was built in less than a year for under $1 million, and operated over a year in orbit. Small satellite projects continue to this day. Approaching launch are the Air Force STACKSAT array of 3 small satellites (P87-2), a number of other small satellites under Department of Defense auspices. The Air Force Space Test …

The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) was recently selected as one of two new Explorer-class missions to be developed for launch during the mid-1990's. ACE will observe particles of solar, interplanetary, interstellar, and galactic origins, spanning the energy range from that of the solar wind ({approximately}1 keV/nucleon) to galactic cosmic ray energies (several hundred MeV/nucleon). Definitive studies will be made of the abundance of nearly all isotopes from H to Zn (1{le}Z{le}30), with exploratory isotope studies extending to Zr (Z = 40). To accomplish this, the ACE payload includes six high-resolution spectrometers, each designed to provide the optimum charge, mass, or charge-state resolution in its particular energy range, and each having a geometry factor optimized for the expected flux levels, so as to provide a collecting power a factor of 10 to 1000 times greater than previous or planned experiments. The payload also includes several instruments of standard design that will monitor solar wind and magnetic field conditions and energetic H, He, and electron fluxes. We summarize here the scientific objectives, instrumentation, spacecraft, and mission approach that were defined for ACE during the Phase-A study period. 4 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

As an example of finding existing data useful for high energy and heavy ion materials analysis the Nuclear Structure References of Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Nuclear Data Center was searched. The search was limited to incident ions of mass {le} 7 amu (excluding alphas) with energies under 100 MeV, and the target nuclei were limited to mass {le} 30 amu. Ease of use, time necessary for retrieval as well as pertinence was explored. Examples of applicable data found during the search are presented. 8 refs., 1 tab.

This report discusses the following topics on the Brookhaven AGS: basic parameters, description of the accelerator complex and proton operation; operation with heavy ions and polarized protons; AGS upgrades and expanded potential. (LSP)

A set of coupled partial differential equations of Boussinesq type are derived in the continuum limit of a Toda lattice with a transverse degree of freedom. The stability of a new hybrid wave solution with longitudinal and transversal components is investigated by approximate calculation of the Hamiltonian for infinitesimal displacement of the longitudinal and transversal strains relatively and by numerical solution. 4 refs., 6 figs.

This paper discusses the following topics: characteristics of synchrotron radiation sources; stability of the orbits; orbit control; nonlinear dynamic stability; and coherent stability and control. 1 ref., 5 figs., 1 tab. (LSP)

The Los Alamos Light Element (Z {le} 30) Detailed Configuration Opacity Code (LEDCOP), used to calculate opacities in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), has been rewritten to incorporate more detailed atomic physics input. This paper outlines the recent improvements in the code that will provide new Rosseland opacities and, more importantly, better group mean opacities for modern radiation-hydrodynamic codes. The first major area of improvement is the inclusion of a complete set of accurate and internally-consistent Hartree-Fock LS term energies and oscillator strengths for each element. While relatively unimportant for equation of state (EOS), this does provide an improved distribution of line energies and strengths for group mean opacities. Secondly, the code now used Hartree-Fock photoionization cross sections for all ground and excited configurations of all ionization stages. These new cross sections are consistent with the bound-bound oscillator strengths and in many cases their inclusion affects the opacity more than the new LS oscillator strengths. 11 refs., 16 figs.

A model-based feedback control system has been developed to correct beam displacement errors in the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) electron beam accelerator. The feedback control system drives an X/Y dipole steering system that has a 40-MHz bandwidth and can produce {+-}300-Gauss-cm dipole fields. A simulator was used to develop the control algorithm and to quantify the expected performance in the presence of beam position measurement noise and accelerator timing jitter. The major problem to date has been protecting the amplifiers from the voltage that is inductively coupled to the steering bars by the beam. 3 refs., 8 figs.

We outline the Basis Spline and Collocation methods for the solution of Partial Differential Equations. Particular attention is paid to the theory of errors, and the handling of non-self-adjoint problems which are generated by the collocation method. We discuss applications to Poisson's equation, the Dirac equation, and the calculation of bound and continuum states of atomic and nuclear systems. 12 refs., 6 figs.