These are analytical notes presenting the target tokens used in the "acoustic correlates of stress in Mankiyali" experiment. The tokens are organized into near minimal pairs with the target syllable bolded and alternating between presumed stressed and unstressed.

These are analytical notes presenting the three-sentence mini monologues used in the "acoustic correlates of stress in Mankiyali" experiment. The token in Sentence 1 for each mini monologue is focused and therefore contains phrase-level and word-level stress. Sentence 2 sets up the context for the token in sentence 3 to be devoid of phrase-level stress, allowing word-level stress to be teased apart and analyzed.

This is a conversation between Abdul Malik (an 85-year old male) and Abdul Rehman (an 80-year old male) about the cutting of grass. The speaker talks about a man who was trying to show his efficiency while cutting the grass and the speaker taught him a lesson.

This is a conversation between Abdul Malik (an 85-year old male) and Abdul Rehman (an 80-year old male) about the cutting of grass. The speaker talks about a man who was trying to show his efficiency while cutting the grass and the speaker taught him a lesson.

My research examines the three interrelated concepts of crisis; new imperialisms, spatial-temporal fix and accumulation by dispossession (ABD) stemming from the work of David Harvey as a way to understand the contested history of the Pakistan Railways. For the first thirty odd years after Pakistan's inception in 1947, the railways, a state-owned institution, was the primary mode of transport for the public, cargo, and workers. Alongside basic infrastructure, the railways had a vast network of hospitals, schools, workers' colonies and an array of physical infrastructure connected to production, operations and other aspects of the economy. The systematic ransack and decline of the Pakistan Railways reached its peak in 2010. Despite several attempts throughout the 1990s by successive democratic and military-led governments backed by the IMF/World Bank in 2015, it was announced that Pakistan railways would be revived under the banner of the 46 billion dollar China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as part of the changing geopolitical context of growing regional connectivity and new Chinese imperialism. By examining the processes that underlie ABD, such as spatial-temporal fix, the following research shows that these processes not only reflect a shift of resources away from the public domain, but in Pakistan also entailed …

Recording of a monologue about Eid, a festival of Muslims. The speaker talks about how the community members prepare for the festival which is celebrated at the end of fasting during the month of Ramadan. Atta-Ur Rehman is a 37-year old male teacher.

Recording of a monologue about Eid, a festival of Muslims. The speaker talks about how the community members prepare for the festival which is celebrated at the end of fasting during the month of Ramadan. Atta-Ur Rehman is a 37-year old male teacher.

Recording of an elicitation of color terms in Mankiyali accompanied by English translations. The masculine singular and plural and feminine singular and plural forms are provided for each color term. The contributor is Aurangzeb, a 34-year old male teacher.

This is a recording of an elicitation of names of birds in Mankiyali using corresponding English translation as prompts. The singular and plural forms of the nouns, along with any variant forms, are given. The contributor is Aurangzeb, a 34-year old male teacher.

Recording of an elicitation of words for insects, etc. The native speaker consultant, Aurangzeb, provides the English prompt while both Aurangzeb and Mohammad Suleman provide the Mankiyali singular and plural forms. Muhammad Suleman is a male teacher who is 36 years old at the time of recording.

Recording of an elicitation of noun forms based on number and gender to demonstrate the Mankiyali lexical stress patterns in various word forms. In this elicitation, the native speaker, Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher), provides the English word as a prompt and another native speaker, Muhammad Suleman (a 36-year old male teacher) provides the Mankiyali equivalent of that word.

Recording of an elicitation of words comprised of syllables with equal weight. The purpose is to determine the default primary stress position in Mankiyali when syllable weight is not a factor. The contributors are Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher) and Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

Recording of an elicitation of words comprised of syllables with equal weight. The purpose is to determine the default primary stress position in Mankiyali when syllable weight is not a factor. The contributor is Atta-Ur Rehman. a 37-year old male teacher.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.

This is an elicitation of words read within a three-sentence frame for the purpose of acoustic analysis of word- and phrase-level stress correlates.