A brief review of work on radiation damage in metals at low and moderate energies is presented. Work on a model representing Cu is discussed along with damage in a model of ordered Cu/sub 3/Au. The work is being extended to a model of Fe. (J.R.D.)

Four methods of rebunching protons within Brookhaven's AGS are discussed. The first method involving switching off the old r-f and switching on the new r-f simultaneously with the new r-f increasing adiabatically seems impractical. Two other methods utilize gradual removal of the old r-f voltage and introduction of the new r-f voltage, or the reverse. Removal of the old r-f voltage followed by introduction of the new seems to give the best results. Several phase diagrams are included. (D.C.W.)

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing methods of nitrogen fixation, and their economic impacts. As stated in the introduction, "studies are described on circulating dust fuels, as well as fixed plated, porous bed, and other types of fuels as the basis for chemo-nuclear reactor designs, and the various fuel systems are compared on a technical and economic basis" (p. 3). This report includes tables, and illustrations.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing the work conducted by the lab during the fiscal year of 1960. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented together with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. vii). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing uranium-bismuth corrosion test loops. Design, construction, and operation of the test loops are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

A tranistorized d.c. coupled amplifier having very good gain stability, as well as very low drift of the output d.c. level, has been designed. Low frequency input signals with an amplitude of .04 to 2 volts peak-to-peak, approximately, coming from a low impedance source (voice soil of a speaker system) are amplified to an approximate peak-to-peak amplitude of 4 volts. The output is intended to drive a load of the order of 100 kohm.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing annual work conducted during 1961. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented together with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. ix). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

A uniform intensity flat top spill-out cannot be obtained by manual control for two reasons: 1. The horizontal density of the internal beam of the Cosmotron is far from uniform. As a result, a manually controlled linear motion of the internal beam into a target will result in a non-uniform spill-out intensity. 2. Stability requirements of the Cosmotron magnet voltage are not easily met without feedback because of inherent component stability. The proposed servo system will sense the external beam intensity, and correct the magnet voltage to keep this intensity constant. This servo must operate through the transfer function of the main ignitron system and the flat top filter. Both of those transfer functions impose special problems.

A summary of the dynamic behavior of the proton bunches in the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) has been given previously. In these reports, the usual linearization of the differential equations involved has been made and the theory was restricted to well bunched beams. The linearized approach is no longer valid at transition where the actual phase angle of the bunch can differ appreciably for a short time from the stable phase angle Φ₀. In this report the non-linearity of the differential equations for phase oscillations will no longer be neglected. At transition the beam is slow enough so that the electronics of the bootstrap system can be considered as being ideal and the radius servo loop can be characterized by one time constant. Under these assumptions the analysis can be carried out in a two-dimensional phase plane. The essential new result will be the short existence of a stable equilibrium point for the bunch motion not coinciding with Φ₀. The results here derived have been tested experimentally and at least a qualitative agreement was found. However, the conclusions are no more valid if debunching takes place since we have still neglected the finite bunch width.

Description of a computer program which optimizes the locations and strengths of magnets for experimental beams at the Brookhaven AGS written for the IBM 7090 computer. Layout, method, and routines are given particular attention, and representative data cards are shown.

This is a preliminary report on the magnetic measurements taken to date on the AGS experimental magnets. It mainly summarizes the results which were necessary for the setting up of the proton separated beam in August 1961. A few curves on information obtained since then are included. When the study is finished, a complete report on all phases of the work, including the methods used, will be forthcoming.

This technical report describes the toxicity observations on mice of varying borate-glucose molar ratios and relative potencies (p) (4) for the pentaborate and tetraborate drug. This report outlines the methods and results of this experiment and provides a discussion of the results.

The potassium-argon age of the Sikhote Alin iron meteorite has been determined. The value is 1.7 + 0.2 x 10⁹ years. Previous lead data suggest an age of 4.6 x 10⁹ years . The date of solidification may be the sum of these two ages.

The relation between trace kinetic parameters of cell populations and the statistics used in studies on cell populations is discussed. It is pointed out that responses in cell populations are complex and subject to many perturbations. Some of these are discussed. It is concluded that a complete check list of sources of error is required for studies of great accuracy, and a calculus to help in combining heterogeneous data is needed for studies of systems of great complexity.

This technical report discusses techniques that have been developed for "computing the angular thermal flux spectrum emerging from a lattice. These methods are applied to water lattices and it is found that the computed spectra are sensitive to the geometrical description of the lattice, but insensitive to the anisotropic scattering by water. Comparisons with measured spectra indicate that corrections for gradients and the finite size of the experimental lattice are important." -- from abstract (p. 3).

A study is being made of two-prong antiproton interactions in hydrogen at 3.25 Bev/c. About 2250 two-prong events were measured on automatic digitized machines and their reconstruction and analysis were performed with standard programs. Of the total number of events 1003 were classified as elastic interactions. About 500 inelastic events were examined using bubble density estimates in addition to criteria based on distribution values in the classification procedure. The inelastic events in which a secondary nucleon or antinucleon was unambiguously identified were used to obtain limits for annihilation and non-annihilation partial cross sections. The two-prong events were 57% of the total. Results for angular distributions and cross sections are presented in graphs and tables. (M.C.G.)

The propagation of clonal varieties of some orchids is at times exasperatingly slow and occasionally an almost futile effort. Clonal multiplication is generally confined to dividing mature plants and to starting plants from pseudobulbs. There is, of course, the specialized technique for obtaining Phalaenopsis plantlets from the aseptic culture of inflorescence nodes, but this is basically the same thing as propagating plants from pseudobulbs. In certain cases it is highly desirable to rapidly multiply certain clones of orchids. Awarded varieties could thereby be dispersed with great rapidity where now it may take decades for some clones to became fairly common. Commercial flower production would be very much enhanced if certain desirable clones could be multiplied ad infinitum within a short time. Orchid flower production could then be placed more on a par with many of the other cut flowers and the clonal peculiarities of some of the current hybrids could be pampered instead of ignored. This paper describes a tissue culture method for the rapid propagation of Cymbidium clones

Extracorporeal irradiation of the blood was prolonged for as long as 38 hours. Red cells are injured by the radiation dose. Hemolysis may commence after 28 hours presumably due to the irradiation. Utilizing extracorporeal irradiation of the blood combined with thoracic duct cannulation, one can measure minima for net lymphocyte input into the peripheral blood from all sources other than the thoracic duct. An unusual and new pathologic picture of lymph nodes and spleen has been produced by extracorporeal irradiation of the blood. Heparin mobilization of a large pool of lymphocytes into the blood directly and via the thoracic duct must be considered in all studies utilizing heparin as an anticoagulant. The lymphocytosis produced by this mobilization is suppressed by concurrent extracorporeal irradiation. The apparent quantitative destruction of the lymphocytes by extracorporeal irradiation of the blood may permit studies of lymphocytic function hitherto not possible by direct experimentation

This paper considers the duty of the physician to provide comfort and care for cancer patients and suggests four tenants for physicians to follow to assist with this: 1) No matter what the patient's condition, the physician shall be always available, even if only to listen and talk. 2) In spite of the ravages of cancer, the patient lives with it. 3.) The patient is an adult under guarantees of the constitution. and 4) The physician will always communicate with the patient. The paper ends with a discussion of the objectives for management of cancer patients.

An automatic delayed reactivity feedback based on exit coolant temperature is shown to lead to an increase in linear stability against xenon oscillations when the delay time is within a few percent of the free period of oscillation. Numerical calculations show that the stabilizing effect extends into the nonlinear range as well. It is shown that dead band control is spatially destabilizing if the dead band width is too small. A width of ± 5% is, however, found sufficient to avoid this form of instability for large changes in power demand.

The sexual reproductive ability of a forest exposed to low level ionizing radiation is dependent on the sensitivity of primordial differentiation, meiotic processes leading to the formation of gametes, fusion of the gametes, and subsequent growth of the sporophytic generations. In this report it was shown that the initiation of reproductive primordia in Pinus rigida, Quercus ilicifolia, Quercus alba and Quercus coccinea is not unusually sensitive to irradiation. Trees which had been severely damaged by chronic low level ionizing radiation (4 to 12 r/20 hr day) were able to differentiate floral structures and produce viable seed. However, flower phenology was retarded, and pronounced morphological aberrations were present. It is suggested that this delay may be the result of a reduction of endogenous growth substances.

This technical report examines the recent findings, of Brookhaven National Laboratory and others, on the relation between diabetic ketosis and intermediary metabolism. This report compares new findings with past knowledge and considers new trends in research, theory, and the management of diabetic ketosis.

A transistorized phase meter built around a NOR circuit is described. The upper frequency limit is on the order of 4.5 Mc. The use of a flip-flop as a frequency divider extends the usable phase range from 0° to 360°. The resulting ambiguity is corrected by a reset circuit. The deviation from linearity is less than ± 1°. The phase modulation frequency bandwidth is 20 kc.

Machine calculations have been made of the dynamics of a set of atoms simulating a crystal undergoing radiation damage. Work on copper is reviewed briefly, and its extension to a simple model of ordered Cu₃Au is described. Investigations of lattice agitation in the wake of a damage event and the extent to which a thermal spike model has validity are discussed. Information on point defects and clusters of point defects in copper is another by-product of the calculations. Recent extensions of the calculations to a model of α-iron are provisionally reported. Although a satisfactory interatomic potential has not yet been not found, it appears that the easy direction for production of a displacement is (100) and that the interstitial in this lattice has a split configuration with (110) orientation.