This study of the variable use of ne in synchronous electronic French discourse follows the methodological guidelines and the theoretical framework proposed and subsequently elaborated by Labov for analyzing variable features of language. This thesis provides a quantitative variable rule (i.e., VARBRUL) analysis including age as a factor group (i.e., independent variable), thereby making a new contribution to this area of inquiry. The data (50,000 words from the vingtaine 'twentysomething' channel and 50,000 words from the cinquantaine 'fiftysomething' channel) are a subset of 100,000 words from a corpus of one million words collected in 2008 by the thesis director from the public chat server EuropNet. This study aims to answer the following overarching question: To what extent does age-compared to other factors-influence the variable use of ne in verbal negation in synchronous electronic French discourse? In order to answer this question, and possibly others, the VARBRUL analysis will include age, subject (e.g., noun vs. pronoun), type of second negative particle (e.g., pas 'not', jamais 'never', personne 'no one'/'nobody', and so forth), as well as verbal mood/tense.

This thesis is an examination of the printed media in France (1955-1963), as represented by two mainstream newspapers: Le Monde (left-centrist) and Le Figaro (right-centrist). Using these newspapers, as well as Gallup polls recorded at the time, this study explores correlations of what was reported in newspapers and how French public opinion evolved during the course of the war. These two major sources of information are shown to have given contradictory information, thus accounting for some of the paradoxes found in public opinion polls. Specifically, the paradoxes analyzed in the study concern the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) and the Pieds-Noirs (the European population of North Africa).

This study analyzes students' use of the French second-person pronouns tu (T) and vous (V) in small-group (2-3 students) inter-learner online chat sessions. The influence of internal linguistic factors (i.e., turn type and morphosyntactic environment) on learners' appropriate vs. inappropriate use of these pronouns is considered. The study also investigates the influence of Instructional Level on tu-vous use and the extent to which students from different instructional levels provide various types of peer assistance (e.g., lexical, morphosyntactic, and sociolinguistic/pragmatic) . Pronoun use was extremely unstable for learners of all levels, and a Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed that Instructional Level did not significantly affect appropriate T/V use overall. Instructional Level and Syntax did, however, significantly affect interrogative T/V use, as shown through multivariate analyses. Peer-assisted performance was limited to lexical retrieval. Pedagogical recommendations are presented for teaching and learning second-person pronouns in French.

Document stating the charges for five chests aboard the Hennrich bound for Galveston. Dated December 5, 1843 in Antwerp. Reverse side is a document stating the expenses for shipment of two chests of merchandise aboard the Hennrich bound for Galveston. Lists contents of chests, including linens and straw hats. Dated December 1, 1843 in Antwerp and signed by Henry [sic] Castro.

Document stating that T[heod]ore Gentils would like Huth to give Mr. Beseq two francs, 32 centimes for his share of the lumber furnished for his house and which Castro promised in advance of the total. Signed by T[heod]ore Gentils on December 22, 1844 in Castroville.

Letter from H[enri] Castro to [Ferdinand] Louis Huth regarding Reigert's plan to lease land with 25 families of farmers with the aim of forming an agricultural cooperative.

Letter from H[enri] C[astro] to [Ferdinand] Louis [Huth] regarding his arrival in Washington and telling him that Congress will convene the next day.

Letter from H[enri] Castro to [Ferdinand] Louis [Huth] insisting that the soil be plowed and sown. He informs him that arrival of emigrants is increasing and supplies will be important. He states that annexation is likely.

Letter from [Henri] Castro to [Ferdinand] Louis [Huth] regarding news of the colony and hoping Dreyer is found. He also gives some instructions regarding various people and issues. Signed H. Castro on December 14, 1844 in Washington.

Letter from [Henri] Castro to [Ferdinand] Louis [Huth] regarding news of the colony. He discusses Haas and Montel and expresses pleasure that Dreyer has returned. Signed H. Castro on December 22, 1844 in Washington.

Letter from [Henri] Castro to [Ferdinand] Louis [Huth] in which he discusses Elliot and funds, carts and oxen, the arrival of [Pfanner] with his settlers and urging him to have the settlers write letters home. Signed H. Castro on December 29, 1844 in Washington.

Letter from Th[eodo]re DeCoch, G[uillau]me D'Hanis and T. David to [Ferdinand] L[ouis] Huth introducing him to the newly formed Antwerp Society for Texas Colonization. Signed G. D. on December 4, 1845 in Antwerp.

Letter from H[enr]i Castro to [Ferdinand] L[oui]s Huth explaining his reasons for the creation of the Antwerp Society for Texas Colonization. Signed Hi. Castro on December 1, 1845 in Antwerp.

Letter from E. Martin and H. A. Cobb to [Ferdinand] L[ouis] Huth informing him of the arrival of the Alberdina with 85 emigrants and requesting he send someone to meet them and lead them back to Castroville. Signed E. Martin and H. A. Cobb on December 16, 184[5] in Galveston.

Balance sheet showing financial transactions relating to [Henri] Castro.

Balance sheet showing financial transactions relating to [Henri Castro].

Photograph of an engraving in the book "Les Chats" by François Augustin de Paradis de Moncrif. The engraving is a fold-out, full-page piece done by Anne-Claude-Philipe de Tubieres. Some of the cats in the engraving are dressed as humans would be during the time-period while others are in the posture of everyday cats. They are in a scene on the roof of a building. The pages are held open with a clear, plastic band.

Photograph of the title page of the book 'Les Chats' by François Augustin de Paradis de Moncrif. Beneath the title is a crest-like illustration, possibly by Anne-Claude-Philipe de Tubieres. Beneath that is text that reads "A Paris, Chez Gabriel-François Quillau; Fils, Imp. Lib. Jur. de l'Univesité, rue Galande, à l'Annonciation. M. DCC. XXVII. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roy."

Letter from Georges Wattinne-Segard to Harris L. Kempner thanking him for a kind welcome in Galveston and requesting and confirming an order of cotton.

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Letter from Jean-Paul David to Harris L. Kempner apologizing for not responding sooner and informing him that the fabric samples he requested are on the way.

Return receipt card from the Post Office Department returned to Harris Leon Kempner for registered article No. 21955 delivered on December 28, 1953.

Letter from David Chemisier to Harris L. Kempner acknowledging his order for new shirts and promising to send them his way as soon as they are ready.

Letter from P. Thoumyre to Harris Leon Kempner regarding his telegram of November 7th about his friend, Pierre Chardine's death that he got to know now from his father-in-law. He mentions that he's grateful for this kind gesture. He also included a copy of the announcement they're sending everyone who weren't informed till now.