Inorganic analysis of solid, liquid and gaseous samples from the Paraho Semiworks Retort was completed using a multitechnique approach. The data were statistically analyzed to determine both the precision of each method and to see how closely the various techniques compared. The data were also used to determine the redistribution of 31 trace and major elements in the various effluents, including the offgas for the Paraho Retort operating in the direct mode. The computed mass balances show that approximately 1% or greater fractions of the As, Co, Hg, N, Ni, S and Se are released during retorting and redistributed to the product shale oil, retort water or product offgas. The fraction for these seven elements ranged from almost 1% for Co and Ni to 50 to 60% for Hg and N. Approximately 20% of the S and 5% of the As and Se are released. The mass balance redistribution during retorting for Al, Fe, Mg, V and Zn was observed to be no greater than .05%. These redistribution figures are generally in agreement with previous mass balance studies made for a limited number of elements on laboratory or smaller scale pilot retorts. 7 tables.

Data taken from the Avco 200 kw Arc Coal Reactor facility provides increasing optimism for this acetylene producing process. Continued improvements in the reactor design have been accomplished over the past three months. These improvements result in data which, when reduced and analyzed, yield SER's well below 5.0. Further, these SER values are an improvement over those of the comparable OCR program test data results under the same test conditions. The anode and cathode designed for this 200 kw Chemical Facilities have performed well with no visible degradation after minor adjustments in the geometry and operating procedures. The data taken to date, both with and without quench, within this facility underline the importance of commencing work on the 1 Mw Arc Coal Acetylene PDU where SER values between 3.5 and 4.0 are a clear probability. With values of SER in this range, the arc coal process is economically attractive as a competitor to the ethylene process for manufacturing vinyl chloride monomer and vinyl acetate monomer. A summary of the 200 kw facility test results in Appendix A is a synopsis of a Topical Technical Report submitted earlier.

Results of the previous one-dimensional thermal analysis of interim storage accidents are confirmed by more detailed two-dimensional calculations. Waste temperatures calculated for interim storage accidents are moderately sensitive to assumptions concerning canister spacing and are much less sensitive to boundary conditions at the canister top. For an individual 100 m from a transportation accident involving solidified high-level waste, the expected dose from gamma radiation is on the order of or smaller than the other possible exposures in the same accident. For the calculation of expected doses to the worst-situated individual in accidents: Expected population dose should remain the primary measure of pre-emplacement risk in order to maintain comparability of consequences of different types of accidents.

Studies of technical issues relating to nuclear waste management are described. It supplements previous TASC reports on this topic. Volume 1 addresses events occurring before emplacement of the waste in a repository. The subjects addressed are thermal analysis of interim storage accidents and doses to the worst-situated individual in all types of pre-emplacement accidents. Volume 2 deals with the possible release of waste from a geologic repository. Aspects of long-term repository performance which are discussed include water flow around shafts and boreholes and use of water from contaminated wells. New methods and results pertaining to the analysis of uncertainties in long-term risk predictions are also presented.

Total characterization data on gas contents, release kinetics, physical and chemical properties, mineralogy and lithology obtained on the C-1 well are reported. Total hydrocarbon gas contents accumulating in the free space surrounding the shale sample in the sealed canisters range from less than 10 to 90%. A positive correlation is observed between the gas contents and sample depth. Total carbon values vary between 0.4 and 7.2% with an average value of approximately 2.0% hydrogen values ranging between 0.4 and 1.0%. Carbon contents show an increase with increasing sample depth, also indicating a positive correlation between carbon and hydrocarbon gas contents. The relationship is not as pronounced between the hydrogen and gas contents. Among the physical characterization data reported are densities (true and bulk), porosities, surface area, and permeabilities. Shales exhibit relatively high bulk densities, an observation that is supported by low porosity and permeability values. A wide range of surface area values is observed. These values range between less than 1 and over 4 m/sup 2//g. Surface area values are dominated by the clay mineral contents of the shale. Qualitatively x-ray diffraction data indicate illite to be the dominant clay mineral with occasional presence of kaolin minerals noted. Carbonate contents …

This report, designed for use within the utility community, offers informative descriptions of some of the more relevant organizations engaged in providing information concerned with utility rate regulation. Eighteen information profiles are structured to include the name, address, and telephone number of each of the organizations, and where appropriate, personnel who should be contacted for assistance. A brief synopsis of relevant data indicates type of information and services available to users.

The EQ3/EQ6 software package contains two computer codes (EQ3 and EQ6) and data files which form a useful tool in modeling precipitation from geothermal fluids caused by heating or cooling. The data files contain information on 140 aqueous species and nearly 150 minerals, and permit calculations over the temperature interval 0 to 350/sup 0/C. Assumption of homogeneous thermodynamic equilibrium in aqueous solution permits calculation of the driving forces for precipitation as measured by the affinity (log Q/K) for each such reaction. Further assumption of precipitation and heterogeneous equilibrium for any mineral whose affinity would otherwise exceed a value of zero permits determination of the identity of the precipitates, their masses and volumes, and the temperature ranges in which they form. The EQ3/EQ6 capability was used to determine the effects of temperature increase on formation of precipitates form Salton Sea water.

Activities are reported in programs devoted to demonstration and development of techniques for the safe placement and retrieval of the spent fuel canisters in a near-surface flow of the Columbia River Basalt. Other programs are reported designed to determine whether there are any unacceptable effects resulting from the interaction of the nuclear waste and basalt and to provide information to be used for near-term validation of the current numerical design models of the repository. Work is also reported on development of a data base for the design, construction, and licensing of a permanent large-scale basalt repository.

Corrosion rates were established by measuring the weight loss of a sample completely immersed in tap water for specified periods of time. Tests were conducted for periods ranging from 21 to 1824 hours at ambient temperature in sealed 125-ml containers. The weight changes observed revealed that the corrosion of delta plutonium by tap water in a closed system occurs through two separate processes. Each results in a different average corrosion rate. Initially a typical diffusion-controlled surface reaction was observed which resulted in an average corrosion rate of 0.264 mg(cm/sup 2/.h). The second corrosion process begins when cracking and flaking of the corrosion product layer occurs. This results in an increase in the corrosion rate to 0.52 mg/(cm/sup 2/.h). 3 figures, 2 tables.

A thorough account is given of a solar pond study underway at the University of New Mexico since 1975. This report consists of the Ph.D. dissertation of Federica Zangrando entitled Observation and Analysis of a Full-Scale Experimental Salt Gradient Solar Pond. The stability condition for a non-constant gradient, doubly-diffusive system is derived and a prescription for the routine detection of potential instabilities is presented. Techniques for handling unstable regions are described. Conclusions so far strongly support the viability of the solar pond concept. Salt gradient ponds appear to have a very definite niche in the ecology of energy production.

An existing time-dependent numerical model (OGRE) has been modified to examine the time frames associated with repressuring the formation rocks surrounding a generic nuclear waste repository following the operational period when wastes are being stored. The model is two-dimensional in the vertical plane, and assumes that the entire regime is saturated, but the repository is at one atmosphere during the operational period. For the physical and geometric parameters assumed, the results of a simulation of the time necessary to repressurize the formation after the operational period was 421.5 years. These results were in close agreement with a steady-state calculation performed by Golder Associates, Inc., in 1977. The fact that the time-dependent model results were close to the steady-state calculation resulted from the use (in the model) of a very small compressibility value, which caused the simulation to reach a steady-state condition in a relatively short time. Based on these studies, the magnitude of the system (water plus matrix) compressibility is of great importance in determining whether the time for repressurization can be determined from analytical methods or requires the use of a time-dependent numerical model.

Data are presented for investigations involving air cathodes in caustic half cells and hydrogen depolarized anodes for metal electrowinning (acid electrolytes). Studies with air depolarized Pt cathodes in caustic hardware include: progress of the RA19 type air diffusion electrode. Reference data has been obtained with this 10,500 hour old electrode; cathode performance (Reference) vs time for a standard 0.33 mg/cm/sup 2/ cathode; electrode-current collector evaluation; electrode-current collector data as a function of cell temperature; and electrode-current collector data as a function of CO/sub 2/ free air efficiency. Zinc electrowinning data have been obtained for tests involving: current density vs power consumption; current efficiency over the temperature range of from 55 to 80/sup 0/C; and the presence of Co, Fe, Cu, Ge, and Pt impurities in the electrolyte.

Polymer coated spherical targets have been irradiated by the Shiva laser system in an effort to compress the contained 10 mg/cc DT fuel to super liquid densities. Glass microspheres of 140 ..mu..m ID and 5 ..mu..m wall thickness with polymer coatings 15 ..mu..m to 100 ..mu..m thick have been irradiated with laser pulses of 4 kilojoules in 200 psec FWHM. Target performance was diagnosed with neutron yield measurements, radiochemistry, Argon line imaging, and x-ray imaging techniques. Ball in plate targets achieved greater implosion symmetry than free-standing ball targets. With yields of 10/sup 7/ to 10/sup 8/ neutrons, targets reached DT fuel compressions of several times liquid density.

The stability criterion of A.C. Bountis for the periodic orbits of a dynamical mapping is applied to the horizontal motion of a particle in a storage ring with sextupole magnets. The approach developed takes into account any number of non-linear ''kicks'' in one superperiod of the ring, non-equal spacing between nonlinear elements and a strong focusing magnet system. The stability criterion for a fixed point is given provided such a fixed point is found. The formula for the tune of the small oscillations for any stable fixed point is derived. 2 refs.

Due to the decreased supply of petroleum and the large quantity of import oil, there exists sufficient economic justification to develop a biomass-liquid fuel industry. Geothermal energy uniquely fits the biomass production and conversion requirements. To accelerate industrial development of biomass-to-liquid fuel conversion using geothermal energy, a national program is required. Because of the INEL's unique experience in moderate-temperature geothermal applications, they should take the lead in this program. Based on an extensive survey of the biomass conversion field, areas of needed work were identified and a program plan was developed. This plan separates the INEL role into two parts. (1) Commercial Support--Existing technology can be commercially applied to provide a portion of the liquid fuel needs. To accelerate development, INEL needs to provide technical and management support to existing programs such as direct assistance, loan guarantees, PONs, and PRDAs. (2) Technical Development--Application of new geothermal technology in the production and conversion of biomass can increase the quantity of domestically produced liquid fuel. The program plan identifies needed work down to the task level. Three cost account levels are identified: (1) Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Technology, (2) Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Advanced Technology Demonstration, and (3) Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Commercial Support. The end item is …

The YMCA Geothermal Heating project proposes to obtain approximately 57% of the total facility energy usage through direct application of the Klamath Falls KGRA. This will be accomplished through the design and construction of a retrofit and injection system for the utilization of an existing 110/sup 0/F geothermal energy source at the project site. The existing 2016 foot well will be outfitted with a turbine pump with variable speed drive. The well head will be enclosed by a 10' x 10' building. The geothermal fluid, pumped at a peak rate of 350 gpm will be transported to the YMCA Facility through 5'' diameter schedule 40 black iron pipe fitted with victaulic couplings for expansion. All underground supply pipes will be equipped with magnesium anodes for galvaic protection and will be insulted with 1'' thick calcium silicate insulation, with two layers of 45 number roofing felt applied with asphaltic compound. All supply lines within the building will be insulated with 1'' fiberglass insulation material with a cloth jacket. The fluids will pass through a heating coil and heat exchanger system to provide heat for the 30,000 square foot YMCA facility as well as for the 90,000 gallon swimming pool. The spent …

A low-cost radio-frequency power source for a low beta linear accelerator (Linac) is described. Details of the conversion of a 30-kW, 4- to 30-MHz communications transmitter to a 2-MHz parallel line resonator driver are included. Typical calculations required for the modifications and anticipated line dissipation are given. The results of actual high-level operation are discussed, and power output requirements when driving a Wideroe linac are determined. 7 figures.

A laboratory stainless steel reactor has been constructed and installed to study the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/, 3 SiCl/sub 4/ + 2 H/sub 2/ + Si in equilibrium 4 SiHCl/sub 3/. The pressure reactor is designed to operate at pressures up to 500 psig and at temperatures up to 600/sup 0/C. After pressure and leak tests, the apparatus was started-up for the hydrogenation experiments. Temperature and flowrate measurements were calibrated. A safety review showed that the apparatus functioned smoothly and satisfactorily as designed. Experiments on the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/ were carrried out during the last two weeks of September. A series of experiments on the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/ was carried out at reactor pressure of 300 psig and 500 psig. Reaction temperature varies from 450/sup 0/C to 550/sup 0/C. Some preliminary reaction kinetic data and equilibrium data were collected. More hydrogenation experiments are in progress.

An experiment was conducted at LLL that required low-density, fine-celled foams uniformly loaded with rubidium. Foams meeting these requirements were produced by impregnating foams made from polyacrylonitrile with rubidium fluoride. Foams with densities from 0.025 to 0.4 g/cm/sup 3/ were prepared and loaded with 0.002 to 0.20 g/cm/sup 3/ of rubidium fluoride.

Initial studies on the design, construction and testing of a wood-burning low pressure Stirling air engine of 100 W output are reported. The design is essentially complete. Forty percent of the engine parts have been fabricated. (LCL)

Present techniques for measuring sound velocity in liquid metals have been limited by transducers that cannot survive in extreme temperatures for the long periods these techniques require. The report describes work on a dynamic noncontacting method intended to measure sound velocity in liquid uranium. Measurements were successful with liquid lead, but not with liquid uranium. Flat slab specimens were found to give much better response than cylindrical shapes.

The operation of the emergency core cooling system and its related steam-binding problems in pressurized water reactors are the subject of a cooperative study by the United States, Germany, and Japan. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and EG and G, Inc., San Ramon Operations, are responsible for the design, hardware, and software of the 80.8-mm and 113-mm spool piece measurement systems for the German Primarkreislauf (PKL) Test Facility at Kraftwerk Union in Erlangen, West Germany. Four PKL spool pieces each containing a flow turbine, drag screen, three-beam densitometer, and pressure and temperature probes were constructed and tested to measure single-phase and two-phase steam and water flow parameters. Individual phase velocities, mass flow rates, and densities were calculated from the analytical relationships presented. These calculated and measured parameters were compared to those parameters determined from the test facility instrumentation at Wyle Laboratories. Error analyses were performed, and individual test results were presented for both horizontal and vertical flows. The various flow regimes tested included annular mist, slug, froth, stratified wavy, and homogeneous flow of water or superheated steam.

This report documents the results and conclusions of the PDS II, Phase I, preliminary design of a 10 MWe OTEC power system, using enhanced plate type heat exchangers, and of representative 0.2 MWe test articles. It further provides the documentation (specifications, drawings, trade studies, etc.) resulting from the design activities. The data and discussions of the technical concepts are organized to respond to the PDS II, Phase II proposal evaluation criteria. This volume, which specifically addresses the three evaluation categories (heat exchangers, rotating machinery, and power system configuration and performance) is an integral part of the Phase II plans (proposal) which describe the technical approach to delivering test articles to OTEC-1. In addition, there is a section which addresses power system cost and net energy analysis and another which discusses the results of stainless steel feasibility studies. Supporting documentation is contained in two appendix volumes.

This volume contains the specifications and drawings prepared in support of the preliminary design of a 10MWe OTEC power system using enhanced plate type heat exchangers. Included are: (1) the specification tree; (2) system specification; (3) 10 MWe heat exchangers; (4) nitrogen storage, conditioning and supply subsystem specification; (5) ammonia storage, conditioning and supply specification; (6) electrical power distribution and control subsystem specification; (7) equipment valves, instruments and live lists and specifications; (8) drawing tree; (9) drawing package; and (10) 0.2 MWe test articles procurement specifications. (WHK)