Physical models for various processes that are encountered in preaccident and transient simulation of thermohydraulic transients in the entire liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) plant are described in this report. A computer code, SSC-L, was written as a part of the Super System Code (SSC) development project for the "loop"-type designs of LMFBRs. This code has the self-starting capability, i.e., preaccident or steady-state calculations are performed internally. These results then serve as the starting point for the transient simulation.

The development of a new high-temperature, 350/sup 0/C advanced turbodrill for use in drilling geothermal wells is underway. Existing downhole drilling motors are temperature limited because of elastomeric degradation at elevated temperature. The new turbodrill contains high-torque turbine blades and improved seals which allow higher bit pressure drops. This new geothermal turbodrill which is designed for improved directional drilling offers economic alternatives for completing geothermal wells. The advanced turbodrill will be tested in the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory's hot dry rock geothermal wells.

The advantages of high resolution electron diffraction and imaging have been revealed in a wide variety of metallic systems, providing insight into the mechanisms of such phase transformations as ordering, spinodal decomposition, grain boundary precipitation, and the martensitic reaction. Structural discontinuities in interphase interfaces (atomic plane ledges) and grain boundaries (plane matching defects) have been identified with high precision, and compositional variations on an atomic scale have been detected, including solute segregation within approximately 10 A of a grain boundary. In the study of ceramics, primary effort has been directed toward the detection of thin intergranular films with notable success. Atomic dimension microledges have also been revealed in crystallization interfaces, polytype boundaries and transformation fronts, and compositional variations near grain boundaries have recently been recorded in lattice images of a Magnesium Sialon. It therefore appears that the technique holds equal promise for analysis of the fundamental mechanisms of crystallization, phase transformation, diffusion and solute segregation in ceramics as well as metallic alloy systems. The work presented here represents some of the potential of high resolution methods and is an initial step towards complete atomic characterization of materials. The most desirable progression of such research should lead to the attainment of …

A review of present methods and existing computer codes indicates an enormous capability not only to calculate sensitivity coefficients but also to apply them to a variety of purposes. However, there are still many limitations to our present capabilities. One of these limitations has been our inability to include in a complete and systematic way the effect of methods uncertainties on the determination of adjusted data, which depends, in general, not only on experimental measurements, but also on estimates of covariances associated with the measurements and the methods. Also, the uncertainty in adjusted data contains contributions from uncertainties in covariance estimates which contributions we have heretofore neglected. A new and comprehensive approach to include effects of methods uncertainties is presented here, and all sources which contribute to the uncertainty of the adjusted data are considered. This new approach is demonstrated using rough estimates for the methods uncertainties as applied to a simplified representation of the ZPR-6/7 fast benchmark. The results indicate that it may be essential to include methods uncertainties if integral experiments are to be used for the creation of adjusted nuclear data libraries. A careful evaluation of methods bias and uncertainties must still be performed.

Contains the results of experiments conducted on plasma engineering problems.

The individual papers were abstracted separately for the data base. (DG)

A number of important recent advances in the processing of steels have resulted from the sophisticated uses of heat treatment to tailor the microstructure of the steels so that desirable properties are established. These new heat treatments often involve the tempering or annealing of the steel to accompish a partial or complete reversion from martensite to austenite. The influence of these reversion heat treatments on the product microstructure and its properties may be systematically discussed in terms of the heat treating temperature in relation to the phase diagram. From this perspective, four characteristic heat treatments are defined: (1) normal tempering, (2) inter-critical tempering, (3) intercritical annealing, and (4) austenite reversion. The reactions occurring during each of these treatments are described and the nature and properties of typical product microstructures discussed, with specific reference to new commercial or laboratory steels having useful and exceptional properties.

This study examines and analyzes several classes of incidents in which decision makers are confronted with adversaries. The classes are analogous to adversaries in a material control system in a nuclear facility. Both internal threats (bank frauds and embezzlements) and external threats (aircraft hijackings and hostage-type terrorist events were analyzed. (DLC)

The adsorption of various oxygen-containing gases on clean polycrystalline In has been studied. For the In-O/sub 2/ system, the relationship between N(E) areas and dN(E)/dE peak heights for the In MNN Auger transition was found to be linear. At saturation, an oxygen/indium ratio of 3/2 was measured, consistent with the formation of the stable oxide In/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Low coverage sticking coefficients were found to be approximately .014 for O/sub 2/, approximately .004 for H/sub 2/O, approximately 5 x 10/sup -5/ for CO, and approximately 2 x 10/sup -5/ for CO/sub 2/. In each case, chemical shifts and peak distortions in the N(E) and dN(E)/dE spectra have been measured for the gas-saturated In, the largest being approximately 3 eV for the MNN transition of O/sub 2/-saturated surface.

This is the tenth in a series of quarterly progress reports on studies performed for the Alternate Fuel Cycle Technologies/Thorium Fuel Cycle Technologies/International Spent Fuel Receipt and Storage (AFCT/TFCT/ISFS) Program. This program provides information needed by industry to close the back end of the power reactor fuel cycle. During the past quarter, studies were conducted in the following tasks: thorium resource price analyses; spent fuel receipt and storage; investigation of air cleaning processes for removing TBP from off-gas streams; study of iodine chemistry in process solutions, high-level waste treatment; electropolishing to decontaminate metallic waste from alternate and thorium converter fuel cycles; U.S. scale transport, dispersion and removal model comparison; safety criticality experiments; and criticality research in support of thorium fuel cycle.

This is the ninth in a series of quarterly progress reports on Fuel Cycle Technologies/Thorium Fuel Cycle Technologies/International Spent Fuel Receipt and Storage (AFCT/TFCT/ISFS) program. This program provides information needed by industry to close the back end of the power reactor fuel cycle. Included in the program are activities supporting specific design studies, as well as activities for general fuel cycle technology. Studies were conducted in the following tasks: thorium resource price analyses; investigation of air cleaning processes for removing TBP from off-gas streams; study of iodine chemistry in process solutions; high-level waste treatment; electropolishing to decontaminate metallic waste from alternate and thorium converter fuel cycles; U.S. scale transport, dispersion and removal model comparison; safety criticality experiments; and criticality research in support of thorium fuel cycle technology program. (21 figs., 7 tables) (DLC)

This is the eighth in a series of quarterly progress reports on studies performed for the Alternate Fuel Cycle Technologies/Thorium Fuel Cycle Technologies/International Spent Fuel Receipt and Storage (AFCT/TFCT/ISFS) Program, formerly the LWR Fuel Recycle Program. This program is designed to provide information needed by industry to close the back end of the power reactor fuel cycle. During the past quarter, studies were conducted in the following tasks: Survey of Current Technology of Fuel Handling Techniques; Investigation of Air Cleaning Processes for Removing Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) from Off-Gas Streams; Study of Iodine Chemistry in Process Solutions; Electropolishing to Decontaminate Metallic Waste from Alternate and Thorium Converter Fuel Cycles; and U.S. Scale Transport, Dispersion and Removal Mode Comparison Safety Criticality Experiments. (11 figs., 7 tables)

This is the last in a series of quarterly progress reports on research and development studies performed for the Alternate Fuel Cycle Technologies/Thorium Fuel Cycle Technologies/International Spent Fuel Receipt and Storage (AFCT/TFCT/ISFS) Program. This program provided information needed by industry to close the back end of the power reactor fuel cycle. During the last quarter. studies were conducted on the following task: Thorium Resource Price Analyses; Investigation of Air Cleaning Processes for Removing Tributyl Phosphate from Off-Gas Streams; Study of Iodine Chemistry in Process Solutions; High-Level Waste Treatment; Electropolishing to Decontaminate Metallic Waste from Alternate and Thorium Converter Fuel Cycles; US Scale Transport, Dispersion and Removal Model Comparison; Safety Criticality Experiments; and Criticality Research in Support of Thorium Fuel Cycle Technology Program.

A newly-developed technique for determination of the ATP content of individual red cells to the densest, and hence presumably the oldest, cells from normal human blood was applied. It was found that these cells contain normal concentrations of ATP, although the net content of ATP is decreased. The essence of the technique is suspension of red cells in autologous plasma containing luciferin and luciferase, lysis of the cells with a pulse from a laser, and counting of the photoemissions resulting from reaction of the released ATP with the luciferase. These data appear to disprove the otherwise plausible hypothesis of Lichtman that red cells decline exponentially in ATP content as they age, by one of the suggested tests of this hypothesis. The data suggest an alternative hypothesis: red cells maintain an approximately constant concentration of ATP as they age, and red cell destruction is caused by factors other than cellular ATP.

Pretreatment of {alpha}-bungarotoxin ({alpha}-Bgt) binding sites from rat brain with cholinergic agonists causes transformation of sites to a high-affinity form toward agonist over a time course of minutes, consistent with identity of those sites as central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). This agonist-induced alteration in receptor state may be correlated with physiological densensitization. Agonist inhibition of toxin binding to the high-affinity state is non-competitive, suggesting the existence of discrete toxin-binding and agonist-binding sites on the central nAChR. These results thus offer a possible explanation of observed impotency of {alpha}-Bgt toward blocking in vivo cholinergic responses in the central nervous system.

Resource assessment and methods of direct utilization for existing and prospective food processing plants have been determined in two geothermal resource areas in Oregon. Ore-Ida Foods, Inc. and Amalgamated Sugar Company in the Snake River Basin; Western Polymer Corporation (potato starch extraction) and three prospective industries--vegetable dehydration, alfalfa drying and greenhouses--in the Klamath Basin have been analyzed for direct utilization of geothermal fluids. Existing geologic knowledge has been integrated to indicate locations, depth, quality, and estimated productivity of the geothermal reservoirs. Energy-economic needs and balances, along with cost and energy savings associated with field development, delivery systems, in-plant applications and fluid disposal have been calculated for interested industrial representatives.

This brief review gives a summary of both the current AGS capabilities and several possible improvements which either have been underway for awhile or are still at the stage of contemplation.

A computer code, TVENT, for predicting tornado-induced depressurization in air cleaning systems is described. TVENT easily fits on many computers with input/output formats that are familiar to most analysts and HVAC designers. Applications of TVENT to several nuclear facilities in Idaho, New York, and New Mexico are described. Flow-resistance data of HEPA filters for use in TVENT are also described. At low flow resistance appears to be mainly caused by a diffusion mechanism, while at high flow the resistance seems to be caused by the mechanism of momentum exchange.

Estimations have been made for the design of air-core kicker magnets with the given specification, under the condition of having and without having an enclosure. It is found that the kicker magnet contained in a cylindrical enclosure of a radius equal to the spacing of the fields winding will require an amount double the electrical power and 40% more in excitation current. However, these quantities decrease rapidly with the increase of the cylinder's radius. It is recommended that a radius of 1.5 times, or more, of the winding's spacing should be used. Two curves are given to show the tendency of the power and current as a function of the enclosure's-radius-to-spacing ratio. The values obtained from the theoretical calculations are found to be in good agreement to those from computer calculations on a similar model. 5 figs., 6 tabs.

The Air Leakage in Refrigerated Vans Project was initiated by the Department of Energy to assess the impact of air leakage on fuel consumption of highway transport refrigeration equipment. The project, conducted from September of 1977 to December of 1978 collected air leakage data on refrigerated trailers, containers and truck bodies. A Prototype Air Leakage Test Set was developed, designed and constructed to take measurements, and a total of 92 representative vehicles were examined. The results of the study indicate that air leakage causes a 25% increase in the average refrigeration load. However, the majority of transport refrigeration units are equipped with control systems that require the power to be supplied continuously, so that the potential reduction in fuel consumption that can be expected by reduced air leakage is limited. Alternative control techniques and power sources for the control and operation of refrigeration unit components other than the compressor could reduce fuel consumption by approximately 60%.

The objective of the work described was to evaluate the utility of the Prototype Air Leakage Test Set constructed for the United States Department of Energy under this contract, and to compare the air leakage data obtained by use of the Test Set to that obtained by use of three different, existing test equipments at three manufacturers of trailers and containers.

The requirements are established for a prototype portable test set to be used for static overpressure measurement of air leakage in insulated and refrigerated truck bodies. The test set described is to be constructed as an independent system with no dependence on the local atmospheric conditions in which it is used, other than having available a pressurized air supply normally found in maintenance garages and manufacturing plants. This specification also covers the requirements for calibration, operation and maintenance instructions to be furnished with the equipment.

This report contains a collection of quarterly reports prepared by Owens Illinois in the development of an air-liquid solar collector for solar heating. combined heating and cooling, and/or hot water subsystems. These reports have been reformatted, pages renumbered, and cost information removed.

An air quality problem exists at the Geysers California as a result of hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) emissions from geothermal power generation. The policy and legal issues engulfing the air quality problem and efforts to mitigate the problem are examined. Estimates are made of the air quality impacts of future generation capacity based on utility electricity supply plans as submitted to California Energy Commission (CEC). The status of current and developing H/sub 2/S abatement technologies is examined for availability and technical characteristics. Analysis is provided on the prospect and consequences of inadequate control of H/sub 2/S emissions. H/sub 2/S control efficiencies of less than 95 percent may ultimately be ineffective if full field development is to be achieved at the Geysers.