The effects of the angular range of data taking in reconstructions in planar positron cameras using the deconvolution method and the matrix method, respectively, are investigated. It is found that in the absence of any a priori information there are undetermined components in the reconstruction if the field of view of the positron camera is limited. However, most of the undetermined components are recovered in the case in which the transverse spacing of the object is discrete, and all of them are recovered if the fact that the object extent is finite is utilized. It is concluded that the two reconstruction methods are mathematically equivalent. The results obtained can be applied to other transmission and emission imaging devices.

A 2000-ft/sup 2/ single-family residence was constructed during the second quarter of 1976 to demonstrate the energy-conserving features of additional insulation, a ventilation cooling cycle, and the Annual Cycle Energy System (ACES). The ACES is an integrated heating and cooling system that supplies space heating, hot water, and space cooling using a heat pump and low-temperature thermal storage. Included in this report are a discussion of the construction techniques employed and the problems encountered during construction, a description of the ACES concept and the ACES mechanical package, and a discussion of the ACES performance and the experiences obtained during initial operation of the ACES. Continuous operation and data collection were begun in May 1977. Performance data from November 1977 through March 1978 have shown a seasonal heating coefficient of performance of 2.77 for the ACES, giving a 63% energy reduction compared to electric resistance space and water heating.

Unnecessary air infiltration (''draftiness'') in buildings can be a major cause for excessive energy consumption. A method for using sound to locate, for subsequent sealing, the openings of air infiltration leakage paths in buildings has been investigated. The results of pertinent analytical studies, laboratory experiments, and field applications of this acoustic-location method are reported; and a plan is provided to encourage national implementation of the method. Low-cost, readily available equipment and procedures are described whereby the average building contractor or homeowner can use acoustic leak location to pinpoint many of the air infiltration openings in a building.

A library of evaluated neutron-induced activation cross sections (ACTL) was compiled. The library covers incident neutron energies from 10/sup -10/ to 20 MeV. General descriptions of the evaluation methods and an index to the evaluated cross sections are presented. 21 references.

Candidate alloys for a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Nuclear Process Heal (NPH) and Direct Cycle Helium Turbine (DCHT) applications in terms of the effect of the primary coolant exposure and thermal exposure were evaluated. (FS)

The adsorption of various oxygen-containing gases on clean polycrystalline In has been studied. For the In-O/sub 2/ system, the relationship between N(E) areas and dN(E)/dE peak heights for the In MNN Auger transition was found to be linear. At saturation, an oxygen/indium ratio of 3/2 was measured, consistent with the formation of the stable oxide In/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Low coverage sticking coefficients were found to be approximately .014 for O/sub 2/, approximately .004 for H/sub 2/O, approximately 5 x 10/sup -5/ for CO, and approximately 2 x 10/sup -5/ for CO/sub 2/. In each case, chemical shifts and peak distortions in the N(E) and dN(E)/dE spectra have been measured for the gas-saturated In, the largest being approximately 3 eV for the MNN transition of O/sub 2/-saturated surface.

The objective of the work described was to evaluate the utility of the Prototype Air Leakage Test Set constructed for the United States Department of Energy under this contract, and to compare the air leakage data obtained by use of the Test Set to that obtained by use of three different, existing test equipments at three manufacturers of trailers and containers.

Fabrication of experimental breeder reactor fuel pellets by the common cold-press-and-sinter technique for irradiation testing in EBR-II is discussed. Fuel types include mixed thoria-plutonia, UO/sub 2/ enriched with 22 weight percent /sup 233/U in U, UO/sub 2/ enriched with thirty-four weight percent /sup 235/U in U, and mixed urania-plutonia.

Operation Morning Light was conducted to search for the reactor core of Cosmos 954, the nuclear-powered Soviet satellite that crashed in the northwest territories of Canada in late January 1978. many of the satellite parts found were beryllium. This study discusses the geometry, condition, microstructure, and possible fabrication history of these beryllium parts.

The collection, analysis, and review of existing data on a community's service requirements are documented. The research focused on the analysis of energy-using activities including both micro activities such as space heating, cooking, lighting, and transportation; and macro activities such as providing shelter, health care, education, etc. The technical report describes the analytical framework developed for community description; describes an indexing system by which a catalog of services can be accessed; illustrates the application of the data to an existing community; and provides ancillary information on data availability. A catalog of data is presented which includes several sets of indices which facilitate access of data using various keys. Abstracts of 48 data sources are analyzed. Each abstract includes a description and evaluation of the data, a sampling of that data, an assessment as to how that data may be applied to other analyses, and a reference where the user can secure additional data. (MCW)

A new contact microradiographic system for analyzing laser fusion targets with two-dimensional modeling and image-analysis techniques is described. This system, which uses a monochromatic x-ray source and Kodak High-Resolution Plate emulsion, is sensitive to spherical wall-thickness variations (eccentricities) as small as +- 200 A in hollow shells with a mean wall thickness of 1 ..mu..m. Measurements of wall thickness and of local and spherical wall-thickness variations by radiographic techniques, using two-dimensional video, digital image analysis, and optical interferometry, are compared. In addition, three digitizing systems are compared for converting the radiographic data to digital form.

An assessment of land available at nuclear power stations was performed in an to determine the limitations land availability would impose on the implementation of reject heat utilization system.

This report describes risk analyses performed on that portion of a nuclear fuel cycle which begins following solidification of high-level waste. Risks associated with handling, interim storage and transportation of the waste are assessed, as well as the long term implications of disposal in deep mined cavities. The risk is expressed in terms of expected dose to the general population and peak dose to individuals in the population. This volume consists of appendices which provide technical details of the work performed.

The first portion of the report, from the Executive Summary (page 1) through the Schedule of Milestones (page 10), gives a general overview which highlights our progress and problems for the second year. The Task report portion of the text, written by individual task investigators, is designed primarily for scientists interested in technical details of the second year's work. The second portion of the report consists of appendices of data compiled by the principal investigators.

This report presents three different analytical solutions to approximate the surface uplift of a heated repository.

Studies of shales in the Appalachian area are reported (mainly in the form of abstracts of reports or manuscripts). They discuss the geology, lithology, stratigraphy, radioactivity, organic matter, the isotopic abundance of carbon and sulfur isotopes, etc. of shales in this area with maps. One report discusses Devonian paliocurrents in the central and northern Appalachian basin. Another discusses sedimentology of the Brallier Formation. The stratigraphy of upper Devonian shales along the southern shore of Lake Erie was also studied. (LTN)

Experimental research in high energy physics is summarized. A list of publications is included. (JFP)

A general review of national solar energy programs is provided. An executive summary and a brief history of the Federal solar energy program are presented. The issues and implications of the National Energy Plan that relate to solar energy development ae discussed. An overview is provided of the present Federal solar energy program, including the activities of several Federal agencies outside the Department of Energy. Some of the non-Federal solar energy programs ae reviewed, including international programs in which the U.S. has some role, programs of state and local governments, college and university programs, the work of private industry, and individual and small scale activities. A synposis of the major categories of solar technology is provided. Each chapter discusses a particular technology area and includes a basic technological description; a summary of the goals and activities of the Federal R and D program for the technology; significant events and development of the past year; and a brief overview of problems, uncertainties, and dissenting views. Three appendices include a synopsis of major energy events of 1977; a glossary of technical terms, abbreviations, and acronyms, and a table of conversion factors. (MHR)

A computer system to control and acquire data from one x-ray diffraction, five neutron scattering, and four neutron diffraction experiments located at the Brookhaven National Laboratory High Flux Beam Reactor has operated in a routine manner for over three years. The computer system is configured as a network of computer processors with the processor interconnections assuming a star-like structure. At the points of the star are the ten experiment control-data acquisition computers, referred to as application nodes. At the center of the star is a shared service node which supplies a set of shared services utilized by all of the application nodes. A program development node occupies one additional point of the star. The design and implementation of a network subsystem to support development and execution of operating systems for the application nodes is described. 6 figures, 1 table.

The potential impact of fire can be characterized by (I) the probability of ignition, (II) the probability distribution of fire growth as a function of time, and (III) the conditional probability distribution of losses given that a fire has broken out. The original ignition of unwanted fires has four principal causes of ignition: loss of control of wanted fire, arson, spontaneous combustion, and malfunction of equipment. Loss of control refers to ignitions which start with a planned or wanted ignition, but which, due to human error causing a sufficient heat transfer to the target fuel, results in unwanted spread. Malfunction refers to equipment failures such as overloaded electrical circuits or exploding heaters. A fault tree example based on the results of the National Household Fire Survey is constructed for the common situation of fire starting in a kitchen. The minimum cut sets of the fault tree are a listing of the possible fire scenarios to which probability of occurrence can be quantitatively assigned by using fire statistics from the field.

In the manufacture of cement, literally trillions of Btu's are rejected to the environment each year. The purpose of this feasibility study program was to determine whether thermal energy storage could be used to conserve or allow alternative uses of this rejected energy. This study identifies and quantifies the sources of rejected energy in the cement manufacturing process, establishes use of this energy, investigates various storage system concepts, and selects energy conservation systems for further study. Thermal performance and economic analyses are performed on candidate storage systems for four typical cement plants representing various methods of manufacturing cement. Through the use of thermal energy storage in conjunction with waste heat electric power generation units, an estimated 2.4 x 10/sup 13/ Btu/year, or an equivalent of 4.0 x 10/sup 6/ barrels of oil per year, can be conserved. Attractive rates of return on investment of the proposed systems are an incentive for further development.

Problems with excessive junction shunting previously reported were found to be associated with a malfunction discovered in one of the printers. Aluminum contamination of the front surface and junction edge were also identified as sources of shunting, as was damage to the tetrahedral peaks during handling of diffused wafers. Additional compositional variations of titania precipitated and baria--magnesia borosilicate glasses were prepared to improve fusion and maturation characteristics. An intensive effort was made to integrate the diffusion mask process into the process sequence. This attempt has been unsuccessful. All cells fabricated have had very low output attributable primarily to low shunt resistance. Alcoa 1401 and AMPAL (Atomized Metal Powder, Inc.) aluminum powders were tested as the base for making screen printing pastes for back surface P+ contacts. Time--temperature firing matrix experiments showed that optimum conditions were different for the two different pastes: 850/sup 0/C and 20 seconds for the paste based on Alcoa 1401 powder and 825/sup 0/C for 30 seconds for the paste based on the AMPAL powder. Additional peel strength data on protective coating materials were gathered. The effect of exposure to a swelling solvent on coating layers was added as a test of adhesive bonding to the substrate …

Delays in the start-up of the RefCOM facility in Pompano Beach, Florida, are outlined. The most serious delays involved problems with the screw conveyors. After many modifications had proven futile, it was decided that they were not applicable to the system and the screw conveyors were replaced with a rotary feeder. An itemized, chronological list of all plant modifications including the cost of labor and materials are presented in this report. Diagrams and daily work sheets are included. (DMC)

Activities in programs to conduct polymer-waterflood studies are reported. During the period a study was conducted of the Burbank-Bartlesville sand reservoir, located in the north half of the Stanley Stringer Field, Osage County, Oklahoma. Progress in the overall program is summarized in a chart. (JRD)