Economic assessment data pertinent to the current Tropican solar system configuration is presented and the potential for energy reduction through the use of additional and/or larger systems is projected. The economic model, Tropicana plant and citrus juice industry energy savings potential, and industrial low-pressure steam energy savings potential are discussed. (MHR)

An assessment of land available at nuclear power stations was performed in an to determine the limitations land availability would impose on the implementation of reject heat utilization system.

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The objectives of this program is to substitute relatively large quantities of CO into ethylene copolymers forming polyketones and determine their market value as a low cost and energy conservative polymer. Preliminary studies have also been performed with Et--SU/sub 2/ mixtures forming polysulfone copolymers. The work accomplished during this period is summarized below. Pound quantities of Et--CO copolymers have been produced at pressures of 680 atm with G-values range from 1000 to 3600. Oxygen acts as an inhibitor to polymerization. Tenneco Chmicals, Inc. is in the process of evaluating the properties of the copolymer. Et--CO gas copolymerized at low pressures in the order of 5 atm indicated low yields and produced a low molecular weight waxy material. Et--SO/sub 2/ copolymer can be produced at low pressure (<5 atm) in the gas phase by means of CO gamma radiation with chemical and physical properties that appear to be comparable to that of the copolymer made at higher pressure (>50 atm). the yield in terms of G-values are high ranging to 10,000. Oxygen which initially acts as an inhibitor on subsequent radiation may act as a catalyst enhancing the rate of polymerization. Et--SO/sub 2/ can be produced by thermocatalytic means, however, the …

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This report presents three different analytical solutions to approximate the surface uplift of a heated repository.

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Abstract: The 3" IA-296-AB line from the containment penetration S-5B was analyzed to ASME Code, Subsection NC (Class 2) criteria. This section of piping is part of the Containment Isolation System; the model considered the line from penetration S-5B outward through a series of elbows and through the third isolation valve. Results of this analysis show that the section of line described will meet Class 2 requirements if additional supports are installed at three locations, as described in the body of this report.

A synthesis and preliminary interpretation of predominantly geophysical information relating to the Klamath Basin geothermal resource is presented. The Swan Lake Valley area, northeast of Klamath Falls, and the Klamath Hills area, south of Klamath Falls, are discussed in detail. Available geophysical data, including gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity, microseismic, roving dipole resistivity, audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) and magnetotelluric (MT) data sets, are examined and reinterpreted for these areas. One- and two-dimensional modeling techniques are applied, and general agreement among overlapping data sets is achieved. The MT method appears well suited to this type of exploration, although interpretation is difficult in the complex geology. Roving dipole and AMT are useful in reconnaissance, while gravity and magnetics help in defining structure. For the Swan Lake Valley the data suggest buried electrically conductive zones beneath Meadow Lake Valley and Swan Lake, connected by a conductive layer at 1 kilometer depth. In the Klamath Hills area, the data suggest a conductive zone centered near the northwestern tip of Stukel Mountain, associated with a concealed northeast-trending cross-fault. Another conductive zone appears near some producing hot wells at the southwestern edge of the Klamath Hills. These conductive zones may represent geothermal reservoirs. Specific types of follow-up work are …

Various levels of investment in energy-efficient designs are studied for new mobile homes. The purpose is to define relationships between annual energy use for space heating and cooling and additional initial investment in the structure shell for a range of climates in the United States. Climate, fuel price, and other economic factors are used to determine which energy-conserving designs are cost-effective. Maximum life-cycle savings configurations for a typical 14' x 68' mobile home are developed for nine different locations in the U.S.

Boiling water reactors (BWR's) generally use high purity, no-additive feedwater. Primary recirculating coolant is neutral pH, and contains 100 to 300 ppB oxygen and stoichiometrically related dissolved hydrogen. However, oxygenated water increases austenitic stainless steel susceptibility to intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC) when other requisite factors such as stress and sensitization are present. Thus, reduction or elimination of the oxygen in BWR water may preclude cracking incidents. One approach to reduction of the BWR coolant oxygen concentration is to adopt alternate water chemistry (AWC) conditions using an additive(s) to suppress or reverse radiolytic oxygen formation. Several additives are available to do this but they have seen only limited and specialized application in BWR's. The objective of this program is to perform an in-depth engineering evaluation of the potential suppression additives supported by critical experiments where required to resolve substantive uncertainties.

A high yield lithium injection fusion energy chamber is described which can conceptually be operated with pulsed yields of several thousand megajoules a few times a second, using less than one percent of the gross thermal power to circulate the lithium. The concept is suitable for either lasers or heavy ion beams propagating in background gases. Because a one meter thick blanket of lithium protects the structure, no first wall replacement is envisioned for the life of the power plant. The induced radioactivity is reduced by an order of magnitude over solid blanket concepts. The design calls for the use of common ferritic steels and a power density approaching that of a LWR, promising shortened development times over other fusion concepts and reactor vessel costs comparable to a LMFBR.

Chemical inhomogeneities produced during arc melting of uranium--6 weight percent niobium alloy normally persist during fabrication of the ingot to a finished product. An investigation was directed toward producing a more homogeneous product (approx. 13.0-mm plate) by a combination of mechanical working and homogenization. Ingots were cast, forged to various reductions, homogenized under different conditions, and finally rolled to 13.0-mm-thick plate. It was concluded that increased forging reductions prior to homogenization resulted in a more homogeneous plate. Comparison of calculated and experimentally measured niobium concentration profiles indicated that the activation energy for the diffusion of niobium in uranium--niobium alloys may be lower than previously observed.

Two-dimensional finite-element models for the treatment of the nonlinear, transient response of fluids and structures are described. The fluid description is quasi-Eulerian, so that the mesh can move independently of the material, and it includes a new finite-element upwinding scheme. The structural description is based on a corotational formulation in which the coordinate system is embedded in the elements, which is applicable to arbitrarily large rotations. The interface between the fluid and structure permits relative sliding, but because of the description of the quasi-Eulerian fluid, the nodes of the fluid and structure can be allowed to remain contiguous. Modeling procedures for treating the various aspects of subassemblies, such as the narrow fluid channels, the fuel bundles which are immersed in the coolant, and the axial flow are developed. Calculations are made for a symmetric 7-subassembly cluster and compared to experimental results. In addition, the application to a 19-subassembly cluster is described.

A preliminary evaluation of methods for the salt waste and waste water streams and recycle preparation problems was completed. A feasibility study for removing actinides from synthetic salt waste showed that a bidentate organophosphorus extractant is the most efficient for actinide removal. The evaluation of adsorbents for removing detergents and anions from waste water suggests the use of a combination of non-ionic and a strong base ion exchange resin for best results. Evaluation of leaching and dissolution methods for the recovery of actinides from combustible waste (incinerator ash) was continued. Two promising recovery methods are: (1) reaction with cerium(IV) in nitric acid to solubilize carbon and actinide oxides, and (2) fusion with carbonate--nitrate mixtures. Silica proved to be a problem. If dissolved, it interferes with subsequent actinide recovery by forming polysilicic acid upon acidification. If not solubilized, silica-encapsulated actinide oxides may not be contacted by the dissolvent. Pretreatment of ash by refluxing with greater than or equal to 6M sodium hydroxide appears to remove silica, simplifying subsequent recovery steps.

The generalized force on a crack-like feature in an elastic solid has been shown to be J. J values have been determined from a series of test specimens that incrementally differ only in the crack area. Incremental differences in crack areas are used to approximate the derivative of the load on the specimen with respect to the crack area at constant loadpoint displacement. Such a testing scheme requires a large number of test specimens since an incremental limit is to be found. In the experimental aspects of this paper, unstable nonlinear elastic specimens with finite differences in crack area are used to calculate the J value at the onset of crack propagation. The finite difference fracture test presented may be accomplished with a mimimum of two specimens. It is shown that the area between the load-loadpoint displacement records of two specimens with a finite difference in crack area may be used to evaluate J at the onset of crack motion. It will be further shown that short cracks favor an unstable test geometry in slightly plastic specimens. (GHT)

Development of a process for producing high-purity silicon by zinc reduction of silicon tetrachloride in a fluidized bed of seed particles to yield a free-flowing granular product is reviewed. Progress in finalizing the design of a 50 MT/year experimental process facility is reported. (MHR)

Using a DEC LSI-11 microprocessor, a thermoluminescence dosimetry reader for personnel dosimetry has been developed. This microprocessor provides system control, accumulates data for temporary storage on a cassette, and later outputs the data to a large computer. The microprocessor also provides a human/system interface through a computer terminal. A programmable high-voltage supply and a light-emitting diode are used in the reader system to automatically control photomultiplier tube gain.