A simple relationship has been developed between recovery stresses, temperature, and strain, to explain the mechanical shape memory effect in some alloys which undergo thermoelastic martensitic transformation. (GHT)

Silicon sessile drop experiments were performed on mullite and beryllia substrates both with and without a chemically vapor deposited-silicon nitride (CVD-Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/) coating. Results of x-ray analysis on the thermal stability of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, both in the presence and absence of molten silicon, show that the as-prepared amorphous layers are converted predominantly to the ..cap alpha.. phase with high temperature treatment. Silicon ribbon specimens doped with boron (rho = 1 OMEGA-cm) were grown from dies coated with Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ for solar cell fabrication. Solar cells without AR coatings, fabricated in two ribbon samples, gave efficiencies of 6.6% and 8.0%, respectively, relative to 9.6% for a Czochralski control.

A metallographic method was developed for chemical vapor deposited tungsten-rhenium alloys consisting of a two-phase structure of ..beta.. solid solution and a finely dispersed A-15 or federite phase. This method provides fast and reliable information on the structure and composition of the CVD deposit.

Significant progress has been made in several areas over the past year. Quantitative measurements evaluating organic sensitizers and ctalysts have been carried out. An exciting new transition metal senitizer has been discovered. A comprehensive evaluation of the characteristics of polystyrene based heterogeneous sensitizers and catalysts has been made. Recently we have successfully synthesized the first glass functionalized photosensitizers. This new class of heterogeneous supports offers several attractive features.

The program has progressed to the final assembly of the recharging system on the Czochralski furnace. All components are in place and functional, and the modified furnace is being tested prior to the start of process development. The feasibility of a 100 kg continuous growth process has been demonstrated by a recharge simulation comprising six melt/pull cycles with a single 20 kg charge; the total body length was 249 cm (98 inch) with a calculated mass of 106 kg. Growth conditions were maintained for 67 hours with neither machine malfunction, excessive SiO accumulation, nor crucible failure. Examination of the crucibles revealed that devitrification and deformation are primarily responsible for the decrease in the wall thickness, which reaches approximately 50% of the minimum starting thickness at the locus of maximum attack--the corner radius. The crucibles also showed no adherence to the residual charge, which may be due to the surface structure produced by the long-term exposure of the silica to molten silicon.

Experimental studies of thermally induced changes in a simulated nuclear waste glass were conducted to define the composition and concentration of all phases formed over a broad range of time (up to one year) and temperature (<1200/sup 0/C) conditions. Depending on time and temperature, a steady-state condition is achieved in which a number of crystalline phases coexist with a glass phase which is partially depleted of some elements. Concentrations of the phases increase with decreasing temperature but usually reach only a fraction of their maximum theoretical concentration. Considering the major phase formed (Zn/sub 2/SiO/sub 4/), this fractional concentration is about 10% at 900/sup 0/C and 45% at 700/sup 0/C, when equilibrium is achieved. Under these unfavorable time/temperature conditions, the glass is about one-third crystalline. Because of melt insolubles (RuO/sub 2/,Pd) the most homogeneous glass will contain approximately 3% crystalline phases. Crystallization occurs at rates in agreement with those estimated from theory, based on a knowledge of the glass viscosity and an estimated heat of crystallization for the Zn/sub 2/SiO/sub 4/ phase. The times to reach steady-state concentrations range from a few hours at 900/sup 0/C to approximately 1 year at 700/sup 0/C. No crystallization at 500/sup 0/C was observed after …

As part of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) cross-section processing development, LASL cross sections and results from MINX/1DX system are compared to the Argonne National Laboratory cross sections and results from the ETOE-2/MC/sup 2/-2 system for a simple reactor problem. Exact perturbation theory is used to establish the eigenvalue effect of every isotope group cross-section difference. Cross sections, cross-section differences, and their eigenvalue effects are clearly and conveniently displayed and compared on a group-by-group basis.

Background information concerning how and why Bendix Kansas City became interested in numerical control of machine tools and what the approach was in determining whether it would prove beneficial is presented. The present status of implementation and future plans are discussed. The material is presented by 22 slides. (TFD)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using discriminant analysis in assessing plant niches. As a component of research by the Environmental Research Park Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, five sites were inventoried for herbaceous species. From this inventory, four sympatric species of Galium and seventeen co-occurring herbaceous species were selected for discriminant analysis. The four species of Galium were treated as two data sets: one was composed of information collected at one site (a mesic hardwood area) and the other contained data from two cedar sites of shallow soil over limestone bedrock. The seventeen herbaceous species all occurred in the mesic hardwood area.

The effect of vacuum chamber background gas on the ion measurements of a laser-produced, expanding plasma is studied over a wide range of background gas pressures. Experimental measurements are compared with calculations from a coupled rate equation-hydrodynamics code. The code is then used for a parametric study of the effect of background gas pressure on plasma diagnostic measurements. Charge exchange is found to be an important process in our diagnostics above vacuum chamber pressures of 10/sup -5/ Torr.

The status of the programs and projects of the Electronics Division is reported for the period of June through December 1977. The presentation is divided into three sections: Research, Engineering Support, and Technical Services. Each of these sections presents the activities and accomplishments of the corresponding branch within the Division. The primary goal of the Research and Development branch is to advance technology for future applications. The primary goal of the Engineering Support branch is to apply advanced technology to laboratory and material problems. The primary goal of the Technical Services branch is to provide a technical base and support for Laboratory programs. These goals are reflected in this report. Among the subject areas included are the following: radiation detectors, temperature monitoring, electromagnetic probing, Josephson junction switching devices, fiber optics, high-temperature electronics, HVAC systems, microprocessors, fuel cell-powered vehicles, laser fusion.

We investigate two double-pusher laser fusion targets, one that incorporates an outer exploding pusher shell and another that uses velocity multiplication. Specific designs are presented for the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Eight-Beam Laser System.

Progress on the various tasks of the on-line decontamination program is summarized: solvents, water purification, VNC loop, corrosion, pilot test. Tasks of the alternate water chemistry program include: additives, radiation dose, offgas system, and materials. (DLC)

The purpose of this report was to estimate the cost of producing methane (natural gas) from geopressured aquifers inland from and along the coast of the Gulf of New Mexico. No other economic values of the geopressured brines were considered for exploitation. There were several component tasks of such an overall analysis which had to be completed in order to arrive at the final conclusion. (1) An estimate of the reservoir parameters of the geopressured aquifers; their areal extent, net thickness of productive sand, porosity, permeability, effective compressibility. It is these parameters which determine the production rates and the total recovery of the resource that may be expected within an economic time frame. (2) An estimate of the production rates and cumulative production of geopressured aquifers having reservoir properties falling into the range of values that may be anticipated from the results of the first task. (3) An estimate of the operating and capital costs of drilling wells and producing such geopressured aquifers, integral and significant part of the operating costs is the cost of disposing of the large quantities of produced brines following the desorption of the methane. (4) An estimate of the sales price of the recovered methane …

An eddy current system developed to detect cracks, splits, and folds in 5.56 mm cartridge cases at a rate of 1200 cases/minute is described. The system inspects each cartridge case around its entire circumference, and has an operating frequency of 100 kHz which minimizes sensitivity to wall thickness variations. Also discussed is the use of the instrument to monitor cartridge case wall thickness by reducing the operating frequency. At a frequency of 25 kHz, wall thickness can be measured with an accuracy of 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). Maximum, minimum, and average wall thickness is simultaneously recorded for each case about its circumference at four different locations on the case. Also described are some rather unique features of the electronic instrument. These include an oblong search coil which is contoured to cartridge case motion, a temperature stabilization method based on constant current excitation of send-receive coils, and a rapid automatic nulling technique employing digital methods. Additionally, a method for using a Q-multiplier as either an oscillator or a bandpass filter is described. The method facilitates the use of a bandpass filter that is precisely matched to the eddy current signal generator so that no output phase error occurs during minute drifts …

In this letter we report the results of a linear radial eigenmode analysis of dissipative drift waves in a plasma with magnetic shear and spatially varying density gradient. The results of the analysis are shown to be consistent with a recent experiment on the study of dissipative drift instabilities in a toroidal stellarator.

The anomalously rapid skin current relaxation observed in some experiments may be explained by any mechanism which cools the electrons thus increases the resistivity and limits the current increase in the plasma boundary, such as enhanced ion conduction, loss of high energy tail electrons or influx of cold neutrals. The current penetration into the plasma and the evolution of the electron temperature from hollow to central peaked radial profile are evaluated for a PLT (Princeton Large Torus) experiment and indicate the significant influence of the neutrals on radial gradients and thus on the conditions favoring unstable regimes. One observes the skin current relaxation in the presence of neutrals in contrast with the skin current persistence in the absence of neutrals.

An enduring program of studies, both experimentally and analytically, on the unprotected Transient Overpower Hypothetical Core Disruptive Accident (TOP-HCDA) of the Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) has been in progress for a decade or so. The data available from the experiments and the computational methodology improvements have made the recent TOP safety assessments more realistic. The evidences from the in-pile tests in the TREAT facility, such as the axial location of fuel pins' failure towards the upper portion of the pin, and the rather benign nature of Molten Fuel and Coolant Interactions (MFCI) have unambiguously clarified some key issues of earlier TOP accident assessments. However, on the other hand, there is no conclusive assertion that can be made on the post-failure scenarios. No complete sweepout of molten fuel has ever been observed in all TREAT TOP tests performed to date to warrant the complete sweepout assumption in the TOP analysis. As a matter of fact, the fuel blockage has occurred in almost all TREAT TOP tests, at least partial blockage, in the coolant flow paths in the testing apparatus. Arguments on the validity of these TREAT TOP experiments to Fast Test Reactors (FTR) have been raised because of the …

Tests were conducted in samples of polystyrene to study the effects of detonation delay on explosively induced fracturing. Two explosive charges in separate emplacement holes were fired at several choices of delay. The effect of free surfaces was minimized to make the experiments a study of blast-induced fracturing in a confined mode, i.e., deeply buried. All fractures formed on radial planes with respect to the emplacement holes. Simultaneous firing connected emplacement holes and produced fractures strongly oriented in the plane of the holes. Delayed firings in the second hole tended to suppress fracturing in the general direction of the first shot hole but to enhance fracturing away from the first hole. The effect was most dramatic in the ''medium'' delay firings; i.e., where the delay time was comparable to the dilatational wave transit time between holes. Using total surface area of cracks as a measure of damage, it was found that no choice of delay, including zero delay, could enhance the per-hole damage above that produced by an isolated shot. For medium delays, in fact, the total damage was measurably reduced.

Studies are underway to identify compounds that will, at cost-effective concentrations, inhibit scale and solids formation when added to the brine at the high-temperature (approximately 200{sup 0}C) front end of the plant. The study reported here constitutes a preliminary, bench-test screening of 49 substances, the most promising of which will be examined later in on-line pilot plant studies. A variety of substances were tested, including both simple and polymeric alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amines, amides, cellulose derivatives, and classes of materials such as detergents, surfactants, and coupling agents. An inorganic phosphate, KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}, and a chelating agent EDTA, also were tested. In the present work the additives were mixed with hypersaline brine that had been acidified to pH 4.0 +- 0.3 and flashed to 1 atm, approximately 100{sup 0}C, in the LLL Geothermal Field Test Apparatus near Niland, California. The rate of disappearance of dissolved silica from the treated brine was compared with the rate for untreated brine as a measure of the effectiveness of the additive. (JGB)

The results of a preliminary study of the effects of operation of a Solar Power Satellite (SPS) on the general performance of terrestrial and space based electromagnetic systems are given. In addition, the effects of a passing high energy Microwave Power Transmission System (MPTS) through the troposphere and through the ionosphere are also considered. The SPS as envisioned will be a satellite system in geosynchronous orbit with a solar array of about 144 square kilometers. The purpose of the SPS is to capture solar energy, convert the radiant energy to microwave energy and transmit it to the earth as a beam by means of a phased array antenna one kilometer in diameter at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. At the surface of the earth, the energy beam will be captured by an antenna about 100 square kilometers which will convert the microwave energy to high voltage ac power for injection into an electrical power network. The impact of SPS operation on the lower atmosphere, the ionosphere, and on operational telecommunication systems, is addressed in a preliminary manner. Topics include (a) further study on the susceptibility of electronic equipment to SPS emissions; (b) further study on the interference potential of SPS …

Research efforts during the past quarter have centered on increasing yeast protein production using ozonated spent sulfite liquor (SSL) and improving the biodegradability of SSL by ultrasonic treatments. Continuous-flow fermentation experiments demonstrated the suitability of ozonated SSL as a substrate for Torula yeast growth. Yeast yields averaging between 2.0--2.2 g/l of SSL were obtained at the optimum retention time of 1.8 days. This contrasts to yeast production rates of 4.8--5.0 g/l of SSL in two day batch cultures. Lower yields were expected under continuous-flow conditions as compared to batch conditions, but production rates were sufficient to warrant further investigation. In contrast, effluent from anaerobic digestors used for methane production supported very little yeast growth even though it contains appreciable amounts of acetate. A toxic product or products apparently are synthesized during fermentation which are inhibitory to the Torula yeast. Experiments were also run to determine if sonic treatments would increase the content of fermentable substrates in SSL. Results indicated striking increases in BOD levels of SSL after sonication, especially when used in conjunction with ozonation. Such gains in available carbon would likely result in increased methane and yeast production.

A report is given on the accomplishments of the energy and environmental research and on the unclassified portion of the weapons program at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory for the month of March, 1978. (PMA)

The purpose of the report are threefold: (1) review the nature of the adverse socio-economic impacts from large new energy development projects now occurring and which are likely to occur in the future as domestic resources are developed; analyze the degree to which Federal, state, local, and private programs and efforts are meeting the current needs of communities impacted by energy development and the degree to which they are capable of meeting anticipated needs; and, set forth, for the President&#x27;s decision, possible approaches that might be taken at the Federal level to provide additional assistance to communities that now experience, or may experience in the future, adverse impacts as a result of large new energy developments. Section II discusses the nature of energy development related growth and describes the needs that energy-development-impacted communities are currently experiencing in five areas: public facilities and services, commercial facilities and professional services, housing, social and cultural needs, and transportation. Section III discusses gaps that exist in mechanisms available to meet the needs of impacted communities. Section IV presents factors for consideration by decision makers in evaluating the policy implications. The final section presents options available for addressing the needs of impacted communities.