A field survey of three heating uses: snow melting, jacuzzi pool heating, and swimming pool heating in Mammoth was undertaken. Based on the results, monthly heating capacity factors were calculated and rough designs were prepared for hydronic district heating for each system. Capital cost estimates were prepared for snow melting, jacuzzi pool heating and swimming pool heating systems using LPG and geothermal district heating. It was determined that incorporation of the three additional heating uses in the District Heating System previously defined would require a capacity increase from 52 MWt to 60 MWt to meet peak demands. Energy sales would increase by about 40 percent to 127 million kwh(t) per year. The unit cost for delivered heat at 1977 price levels would decrease from 4.26 cents to 3.22 cents/kwh(t) for an investor owned District Heating System, or from 2.89 cents to 2.24 cents/kwh(t) for public ownership. The total heating costs, including annual costs of customer's heating equipment for a typical building in the Village with district heating, were compared with costs to heat the same building with electricity. The total annual costs for snow melting, jacuzzi heating and swimming pool heating using a 60 MWt District Heating System were compared …

A program to determine if non-metallic materials such as polymers, concrete polymer composites, and refractory cements can be utilized as materials of construction in geothermal processes is in progress. To date, several high temperature polymer concrete systems have been formulated, laboratory and field tests performed in brine, flashing brine, and steam at temperatures up to 260/sup 0/C (500{sup 0}F), and economic studies started. Laboratory data for exposure times > 2 years are available. Results are also available from field exposures of up to 24 months in four geothermal environments. Good durability is indicated. Work at five of these sites is continuing and plans to initiate other tests are being implemented.

The factual findings of DOE's Office of Fuels Regulation regarding No. 2 heating oil price data for the 1977-1978 heating season are presented. OFR's analysis was based on data gathered by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in connection with the current program to monitor the prices of home heating oil. Results show that the average price paid by residential customers increased 5.2%; the average increase in the prices wholesalers charged other wholesalers and retailers was 1.6%; the average increase in prices that wholesalers paid refiners was 1.4%; and the refiner index was marginally exceeded twice during the heating season and, on average, refiner prices to wholesalers were below the guideline. Information is included on retail, wholesale, and refiners gross margins and on analytic constraints. (JRD)

An assessment of land available at nuclear power stations was performed in an to determine the limitations land availability would impose on the implementation of reject heat utilization system.

This report describes work performed by the author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Pure Science at Columbia University.

To evaluate the inability of a one-dimensional ground-water model to interact continuously with surrounding hydraulic head gradients, simulations using one-dimensional and two-dimensional ground-water flow models were compared. This approach used two types of models: flow-conserving one-and-two dimensional models, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional models designed to yield two-dimensional solutions. The hydraulic conductivities of controlling features were varied and model comparison was based on the travel times of marker particles. The solutions within each of the two model types compare reasonably well, but a three-dimensional solution is required to quantify the comparison.

Progress is reported for a program whose goals are to demonstrate an experimental upgraded gas turbine-powered automobile which meets the 1978 Federal Emissions Standards, has significantly improved fuel economy, and is competitive in performance, reliability, and potential manufacturing cost with the conventional piston engine-powered, compact-size American automobile. Activity during this twenty-second program quarter has continued to emphasize development towards correcting a power deficiency in the Upgraded Engine. Efforts are also being directed towards reducing fuel usage through improved heat recovery and towards improving the mechanical reliability and control of the engine.

Progress is reported on biomedical studies using cyclotron-produced /sup 18/F, /sup 15/O, /sup 11/C, /sup 13/N, /sup 52/Fe, /sup 38/K, /sup 206/Bi, /sup 73/Se, /sup 53/Co, and /sup 43/K. The following research projects are described: tumor detection and diagnosis; neurological studies; radiopharmaceutical development; /sup 38/K as an indicator of blood flow to the myocardium; dosimetry for internally deposited isotopes in animals and man; cyclotron development; positron tomographic imaging with the TOKIM System; and review of positron emission transaxial tomograph instruments. (HLW)

Research has included theoretical modeling of important plasma chemical effects such as: conductivity reductions due to condensed slag/electron interactions; conductivity and generator efficiency reductions due to the formation of slag-related negative ion species; and the loss of alkali seed due to chemical combination with condensed slag. A summary of the major conclusions in each of these areas is presented. A major output of the modeling effort has been the development of an MHD plasma chemistry core flow model. This model has been formulated into a computer program designated the PACKAGE code (Plasma Analysis, Chemical Kinetics, And Generator Efficiency). The PACKAGE code is designed to calculate the effect of coal rank, ash percentage, ash composition, air preheat temperatures, equivalence ratio, and various generator channel parameters on the overall efficiency of open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators. A complete description of the PACKAGE code and a preliminary version of the PACKAGE user's manual are included. A laboratory measurements program involving direct, mass spectrometric sampling of the positive and negative ions formed in a one atmosphere coal combustion plasma was also completed during the contract's initial phase. The relative ion concentrations formed in a plasma due to the methane augmented combustion of pulverized Montana Rosebud …

This report presents results obtained from the commercial LMFBR Steam Generator Design Comparison Study from 1 October 1977 through 30 September 1978 relative to selecting the preferred steam generator design for a commercial-size plant using a Benson, Sulzer, or saturated steam cycle. The primary emphasis was placed on identifying potential problem areas in each design for each steam cycle. The study indicates the hockey stick design as the preferred concept for each steam cycle.

Two successful shock tube experiments were recently performed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The experiments simulated the high enthalpy flow conditions that might arise in the nuclear blast encounter of a tunnel-based missile. The experiments, using a modified Voitenko high explosive generator, produced megabar pressure conditions at the inlet of the 2 cm-diameter air-filled shock tubes. Computer calculations have been done to model the 10/sup 5/-fold increase in air pressure in the Voitenko generator. These calculations are necessary to describe the source for the experiments and to permit better interpretation of the experimental data. A detailed understanding of the phenomenology of the compressor is also essential for optimization of future experiments, especially those involving scaling up to larger size shock tubes. An arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian computer code was selected to calculate the late-time high explosive driven motion of a steel plate into the bell shaped compressor section. It was found that ordinary Lagrangian and Eulerian codes had difficulty in properly treating the steel-air interfaces, whereas an arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian code was capable of modeling the complex flow of air past the steel interfaces in the compressor region. Using an improved equation of state for air, excellent agreement has been obtained in the …

Work accomplished between July 1974 and October 1978 in a program directed toward the design and development of a continuously variable ratio transmission (CVT) for an automotive vehicle is reported. The following major accomplishments were achieved: the laboratory and mathematical projections establishing the viability of the program and the predicted attainment of the primary goal of fuel economy were verified; the proposed Concept Demonstration prototype hydromechanical transmission (HMT) was completed from design to operation; the HMT was thoroughly tested in the laboratory and on the road and its in-vehicle performance was verified by independent testing laboratories; and design of a second generation Pre-Production HMT has proceeded to the point of confirming the practicality of the automotive HMT size and weight; most of the necessary information has been generated which could permit its production cost/competitiveness to be evaluated. (LCL)

To minimize the radiological risk from the operation of a waste management system for the safe disposal of high-level waste, performance characteristics of the solidified waste form must be specified. The minimum waste form characteristics that must be specified are the radionuclide volatilization fraction, airborne particulate dispersion fraction, and the aqueous dissolution characteristics. The results indicate that the pre-emplacement environs are more limiting in establishing the waste form performance criteria than the post-emplacement environs. The actual values of expected risk are sensitive to modeling assumptions and data base uncertainties. The transportation step appears to be the most limiting in determining the required performance characteristics.

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The objective of this document is to outline the test plan for the KIPS Technology Verification Program. This test plan is inclusive of component simulating (rig) testing, component testing and system testing. Rig testing will prove concept feasibility, measure basic performance and to develop the hardware necessary prior to initiation of GDS component part manufacture. Component testing will measure basic performance and verify component integrity prior to GDS assembly. The GDS system testing will: simulate the flight system operation; determine the life limiting components; measure performance and relate to potential system lifetime; demonstrate 18+% DC generating efficiency; and perform a 5000 h endurance test with final configuration hardware.

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Separate abstracts are included for development programs for electronic equipment involved with plasma research, data processing, uranium environmental surveys, and geothermal surveys.

During this program, the use of energy storage in conventional appliances to save energy was evaluated. Fuel-fired appliances, electric appliances, and utility load leveling by energy storage on the customer's side of the meter were considered. For each of the appliances treated, various energy-storage techniques were evaluated by estimating the energy savings and the cost of the required storage system. An estimate of the commercial feasibility of each system was made based on the years necessary to pay back the cost of the storage system. In addition, when alternate approaches could be used to improve the efficiency of the appliance without energy storage, the costs of these methods were considered in the evaluation. The analyses found that the most-promising applications involved the use of point-of-use thermal energy storage for electric-utility load-leveling. However, although substantial utility operating cost savings can be achieved, there may be little or no actual energy saving when all losses are considered. For applications other than load-leveling, energy savings were too small to pay back the added cost of the storage system in an acceptable time.

Progress from January 1 to March 31, 1978, is reported in design of the 50 MT/year experimental facility for the preparation of high-purity silicon by the zinc vapor reduction of silicon tetrachloride in a fluidized bed of seed particles to form a free-flowing granular product. The design of the experimental facility has been concluded and sent to JPL for evaluation. It is also being critiqued by an independent pilot plant design group at BCL. Detailed analyses of equipment and construction costs have led to an estimate of $1.5 million for construction of the facility in an available building at BCL. Although the design was frozen for purposes of cost estimation, some improvements have been made since, and others are contemplatd before it is necessary to freeze the design for construction. Representative flow sheets and related equipment drawings are shown.

During the period May 28, 1978 to June 30, 1978, an intermediate depth heat flow borehole (1-78-Ul) was completed on the Socorro Prospect, New Mexico. Rock types encountered in the hole ranged from unconsolidated Quaternary alluvium to clays and dense volcanic rocks. Depth of the hole was 1360 feet with the major drilling problems being sticky clays and hard rock. The geothermal gradient measured in this borehole was 2.46 F/100 ft with an average thermal conductivity of 5.9 mcal/cm-sec- C. The calculated heat flow value is 2.7 HFU (1 HFU = 1 {micro}cal/cm{sup 2}-sec). The linearity of the gradient for this hole suggests that heat transport in the shallow subsurface penetrated by the borehole is predominantly by conduction. Based on published data as well as the results of the present survey, a value of about 2.5 HFU is probably representative of the background heat flow in the area of the Socorro Prospect. A surface heat flow of 2.5 HFU implies partial melting in the lower crust and upper mantle beneath the Prospect but does not necessitate the presence of an economic geothermal deposit.

Phillips' objectives related to financing a geothermal development are: (1) to make a reasonable profit, (2) to keep risks in line with potential benefits, and (3) to operate in a free and open market. Each of these objectives is discussed briefly. (MHR)

This specification applies to the general requirements of all purchased materials, equipment and services and covers general instructions for Suppliers.