A 25 megajoule, 20 kV capacitive energy storage and delivery system has been built and tested for Shiva--a 20 arm, 10 kJ, 20 TW neodymium glass fusion research laser. This system supplies over 3.5 megamperes to xenon flashlamps for optical pumping of the laser amplifier. About 15% of the energy is used to establish magnetic fields within Faraday rotator glass. A digital based control and diagnostics scheme is employed through the entire pulse power system. This scheme utilizes a distributed digital data bus that addresses every element through two levels of optical isolation. The interfacing of low level digital circuitry to a pulse power environment is discussed, as well as the design and performance of the total system. Cost and manufacturing details are important in a project of this size. The projected cost goal of 27 cents/joule, installed and operating, has been met. The general approach to the design, transient analysis, manufacture, and activation of this large power conditioning system is also discussed.

In order to study the /sup 238/U + n total cross section, neutron transmissions through 0.076-, 0.254-, 1.080-, and 3.620-cm-thick samples of isotopically enriched /sup 238/U have been measured from 0.880 to 100.0 keV using a time-of-flight technique over a path length of 150 meters with the ORELA pulsed source and a 13-mm-thick Li-glass detector. The measurement is described in detail and both a listing and figures of the resulting transmissions are given. An absolute energy scale accurate to 2 parts in 10,000 was established.

A very fast computational method of moving particles for one dimensional electrostatic plasma simulations using integer arithmetic is described. The cloud in cell method forms the basis of this technique. This paper is in the form of a compass compilable subroutine with comments and examples describing methods of using an entirely integer representation to gain up to an order of magnitude increase in speed over equivalent floating point Fortran coding. Integer arithmetic has several advantages over floating point arithmetic for one dimensional particle movers. The adds are much faster, and the binary numerical description allows the implementation of very simple boundary conditions if the simulation region extends from zero to a power of two. Furthermore, integer arithmetic makes very efficient use of each memory bit since there is no floating point exponent. Consequently, it becomes feasible and fast in long word length machines to pack the velocity and position of a particular particle into the same word, thus saving a factor of two in computer storage and/or 10. These advantages are combined with the fact that integer adds and logicals complete in only two computer cycles allowing nearly complete optimization of register and instruction interleaving. The measured timings on a …

Descriptions of all the entries in the competition are presented. Competition rules and judging procedures are described. Entries consisted of team efforts from colleges and universities. The competition called for the student teams to develop means for producing electrical power sufficient to meet the needs of a single family home, using an energy source other than oil or natural gas. The electric power produced had to be economically realistic when compared to present energy sources.

Using double exposure holographic interferometry, an investigation has been made of the Nd laser produced plasmas surrounding disk targets irradiated at different angles of incidence. Measurements have produced a detailed description of the plasma profile necessary for realistic simulations of resonance absorption. A 2660A 15 psec probe pulse is produced by frequency quadrupling a fraction of the main Nd laser pulse from the Janus laser. F/1 and f/10 lenses were utilized to irradiate the targets with intensities ranging from 10/sup 13/ w/cm/sup 2/ to 10/sup 16/ w/cm/sup 2/. Measurements have produced the shape of the electron density profile near critical, the direction of the plasma blowoff, and revealed transverse rippling of the isodensity surfaces.

We present results of the first attempts to accelerate partially stripped heavy ions in the Bevatron. Experiments were performed for hydrogen-like argon and neon ions, and, although the survival time of these ions in the 10{sup -7} torr Bevatron vacuum was not sufficient to achieve full energy, valuable charge-changing cross section information was obtained.

The requirements for a heavy-ion demonstration experiment to achieve useful electric power generation through inertial confinement fusion are discussed. (MOW)

The major objective of ERDA Manual Chapter 0511 is responsible technical management of its radioactive wastes. To ensure long term technical management, this DOE responsibility initially begins with the generation of radioactive wastes in all DOE operations and includes all other attributes and parameters (waste processing, packaging, shipping and storage) over the lifetime of the radionuclides. Close examination of the entire waste management cycle clearly indicates that one of the most important constituents which minimizes the risk to man and his environment is an effective and totally acceptable waste package containment system. The retrievable storage site for defense transuranic waste at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory has been accepting waste since November, 1970. Current DWPR planning calls for continuing use of the retrievable storage pad through FY-1987 with the WIPP facility attaining full operational status in FY-1988. In the FY-1976, 76A period over 107,000 ft of transuranic wastes were stored retrievably at INEL. This volume represents approximately 4000 drums of the 7.3 ft{sup 3} (55 gal.) size and 700 4 x 4 x 8` FRP coated plywood boxes on an annualized basis. At this waste generation rate, a rate which is probably conservative based upon known decontamination and decommissioning projects …

This report documents the results of tests of accuracy performed on Fortran library functions corresponding to version 3.0 (PSR 326) of the Fortran Extended Library and version V327 of the CDC 6600 SCOPE 3.3 operating system; version 4.6 (PSR 439) of the Fortran Extended Library and the NOS operating system; and version 4.6 (level 420) of the Fortran extended Library and level 221C of the 7000 SCOPE 2.1 operating system. It is emphasized that corresponding routines of the same name in different libraries may--and often do--yield different results, so that those reported apply only to the particular system on which they were obtained. They are not intended as endorsements or criticisms of the CDC routines tested, but as information for users of Sandia Laboratories 6600/7600 computer systems. 1 figure, 11 tables.

Several aspects of power estimation techniques for wind energy conversion systems are studied. The sampling rate at which data are collected, ranging from once every 2 minutes to once every 3 hours, does not appear to significantly affect the average power for recording periods of one season. Increased averaging times produce small underestimates (less than 10 percent) of available power. The Rayleigh and Weibull distributions both give poor estimates of power for low mean wind speed situations, with the former being significantly worse. At higher wind speeds, both give good estimates, and the Rayleigh distribution is considerably simpler in form and application. A height extrapolation scheme for Weibull parameters is also investigated. Results are satisfactory for power estimates of ensembles of machines, but the scatter of values about the mean makes the method inappropriate for individual cases.

Progress is reported in research designed to develop an economically competitive process for producing acetic acid from biomass for the purpose of sparing petroleum for other uses, to evaluate marine algae as a potential source of biomass, and to document the feasibility of running fermentations in fixed packed bed fermenters. It was demonstrated that marine algae can be fermented to acetic acid. Initial rates of up to 168 meq/1 day were observed. These rates are substantially in excess of the 47 meq/1 day used in the economic projections. Also, when using marine algae as a substrate, acid levels were generated equivalent to the highest reported with other substrates. It was also demonstrated that a 4-foot fixed packet bed fermenter may be operated with marine algae as a substrate at 20 percent solids or 200 meq/1.

Experimental work on the 16 tasks comprising the Actinide Partitioning and Transmutation Program was continued. Summaries of work are given on Purex Process modifications, actinide recovery, Am-Cm recovery, radiation effects on ion exchangers, LMFBR transmutation studies, thermal reactor transmutation studies, fuel cycle studies, and partitioning-transmutation evaluation. (JRD)

There is a great deal of experimental evidence associating selective bond breaking ability with low coordination number surface sites on transition metal surfaces. Atomic steps break H-H and C-H bonds efficiently while kinks in the steps are required for additional C-C and C=O bond scissions. The blockage of some of the ''active sites'' yields the reaction selectivity commonly observed as a result of alloying or upon introduction of certain promoters. Another important parameter in controlling transition metal catalytic activity is the formal oxidation state of the surface metal atom. Oxidation of the surface atoms by oxygen or halogens or their reduction by electron donors (carbon, alkali metals, etc.) changes markedly the catalytic surface chemistry. H/sub 2/-D/sub 2/ exchange, hydrocarbon conversion reactions and the hydrogenation of CO are examples to demonstrate the importance of low coordination number sites and surface oxidation state in controlling catalytic activity and selectivity.

The velocity of water jet flow can be increased when the jet impacts a target material or another water jet. A theory describing such augmentation in terms of velocity, mass, and energy change is considered. The phenomena is sensitive to jet structure and the jet velocity profile. Jet velocity profiles do not remain constant over great distances from the nozzle, and ultimately disrupt into droplets. Within the droplet the profile is more regular and the velocity constant. The theory is extended to cover this case and experimental evidence of jet augmentation and its effects is presented.

Two separate studies, involving advanced design and economic considerations for commercial geothermal power plants using liquid-dominated hydrothermal resources, are presented. In the first study, the effects on design, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost caused by an anticipated decline in available geothermal fluid temperature over the lifetime of power plants are described. A two-stage, flashed-steam energy conversion process was used for the conceptual design of the power plants, which operate from the moderate-temperature, low-salinity reservoir at Heber, California. Plants with net capacities of 50, 100, and 200 MWe (net) were investigated. The results show that it is important to include provision for geothermal fluid temperature decline in the design of power plants to prevent loss of electric energy production capability and to reduce bus bar electric energy costs. In the second study, the technical, economic, and environmental effects of adding regeneration to a 50 MWe (net) power plant employing the multistage-flash/binary process are described. Regeneration is potentially attractive because it recovers waste heat from the turbine exhaust and uses it in the power cycle. However, the pressure drop caused by the introduction of the regenerator decreases the turbine expansion and thus decreases system performance. An innovative approach …

The improvement and technical development of several promising methods for desulfurizing and recovering fine coal were continued. These methods include froth flotation, selective oil agglomeration, pelletization, and a chemical desulfurization process which involves leaching fine coal with a hot dilute solution of sodium carbonate containing dissolved oxygen or air under pressure. Numerous laboratory experiments and measurements were carried out to advance the state of this technology. It was shown that the chemical leaching process removed most of the inorganic sulfur from several high sulfur coals as well as a significant amount of organic sulfur from some of the coals. Higher temperatures and/or oxygen partial pressures resulted in more organic sulfur being removed in some instances. Also it was shown that the rate of conversion of pyrite to soluble sulfates depends on particle size and alkali concentration as well as oxygen partial pressure and flow rate. In addition the effectiveness of a chemical pretreatment step for improving the separation of coal and pyrite by oil agglomeration was demonstrated. Among various fuel oils tested for agglomerating coal, No. 1 or 2 provided greater sulfur reduction than No. 5 or 6. Also the lighter fuel oils seemed better suited to agglomerating finely ground …

This report includes the design optimization studies and resulting conceptual engine definition of an advanced industrial gas turbine in the 15,000 shp/10Mw class.

A high sensitivity, airborne radiometric and magnetic survey of portions of the Big Bend, Texas area was conducted. The project area comprising the Van Horn and Pecos 1:250,000 NTMS sheets, consists of approximately 16,400 square miles. A total of 6,666 line miles of high sensitivity radiometric and magnetic data were collected. Traverse lines were flown at a spacing of 3.125 miles in an east/west direction with tie lines flown in a north/south direction at a 18.375 miles separation. All data were collected utilizing a fixed wing aircraft, Grumman G-89 and over 3,500 cubic inches of NaI crystal detector. Magnetometer data were collected utilizing a high sensitivity, 0.25 gamma, proton magnetometer. Data were digitally recorded at 0.5 second intervals. All field data were returned to the computer facilities for processing, statistical analysis, and interpretation. Other data are presented which include corrected profiles of all radiometric variables, magnetic data, radar altimeter data, barometric altimeter data, air temperature and airborne Bismuth contributions. Data presented have been summed to provide 1.0 second equivalent sample intervals, corrected for Compton Scatter, altitude dependence and atmospheric Bismuth. These data are presented in the form of strip charts, microfiche, and digital magnetic tapes containing raw spectral data, single …

Charts are given plotting barometric pressure, air temperature, residual mag. gammas, and diurnal gammas. Numbers are given for maximum, minimum, and mean values and for standard deviation.

AITRAC is a program designed for on-line, interactive, DC, and transient analysis of electronic circuits. The program solves linear and nonlinear simultaneous equations which characterize the mathematical models used to predict circuit response. The program features 100 external node--200 branch capability; conversional, free-format input language; built-in junction, FET, MOS, and switch models; sparse matrix algorithm with extended-precision H matrix and T vector calculations, for fast and accurate execution; linear transconductances: beta, GM, MU, ZM; accurate and fast radiation effects analysis; special interface for user-defined equations; selective control of multiple outputs; graphical outputs in wide and narrow formats; and on-line parameter modification capability. The user describes the problem by entering the circuit topology and part parameters. The program then automatically generates and solves the circuit equations, providing the user with printed or plotted output. The circuit topology and/or part values may then be changed by the user, and a new analysis, requested. Circuit descriptions may be saved on disk files for storage and later use. The program contains built-in standard models for resistors, voltage and current sources, capacitors, inductors including mutual couplings, switches, junction diodes and transistors, FETS, and MOS devices. Nonstandard models may be constructed from standard models or by …

A numerical algorithm is described for computing coupled heat and hydrodynamic flow on an arbitrarily shaped, time-varying domain. The algorithm extends the ICED-ALE method, for the computation of hydrodynamic motion using an arbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian mesh, to include electron thermal conduction. Appropriate difference equations in conservation form are developed, and the Dufort-Frankel scheme is adapted to advance these equations in time. Results are presented which illustrate the application of the algorithm to the two-dimensional hydrodynamic motion induced by illuminating spherical and thin foil targets with a single laser beam.

ASTM mechanical property specification verification tests have been conducted on the 2 /sup 1///sub 4/ Cr--1 Mo steel. The base properties have been determined for the steel at various temperatures and after exposure to various environments. Compression load versus deflection calibration curves have been determined for 316 SS loading rings. Thermal expansivity of both the 2 /sup 1///sub 4/ Cr--1 Mo steel and 316 SS have been determined at 500/sup 0/F and 900/sup 0/F. Thermal expansion characteristics and time dependence of the deflection of ring-sample composites have been measured to provide information about the constancy of stress on samples loaded by pre-compressed rings. Results of all exposure tests, including samples under load during exposure, in inert gas reveal that no degradation of ambient temperature mechanical properties occurs.

The use of an alumina column for the adsorption of radioactive Sr for the generator production of 75-sec /sup 82/Rb was evaluated in both batches and column experiments using /sup 85/Sr and cyclotron-produced /sup 82/Sr. Comparisons of alumina, Bio-Rex 70 and Chelex 100 ion exchangers were made to determine Sr adsorption, /sup 82/Rb elution yield and Sr breakthrough. The adsorption of Sr is similar for alumina and Chelex 100 but different for Bio-Rex 70. Alumina and Chelex 100 exhibit a small fraction of poorly bound Sr which appears as higher breakthrough in the early elution volumes. The remaining Sr activity is strongly bound to these ion exchangers and the breakthrough remains stable at a lower breakthrough value through a large number of elutions. Bio-Rex 70 on the other hand does not exhibit the poorly bound Sr fraction and the breakthrough of Sr remains the lowest of the three ion exchangers through a moderate number of elutions and then the Sr breakthrough gradually increases with each additional elution.

To achieve greater quality control over lapped finishes, the 3- and 0.3-..mu..m alumina abrasives used in rough and finish lapping were studied. The 3-..mu..m abrasive was found to actually average 5 to 10 ..mu..m. The particle size distribution of the 0.3-..mu..m abrasive could not be determined with sufficient accuracy. Recommendations for procurement, storage, dispensing, and mixing were made to provide increased abrasive uniformity and freedom from contamination.