Air spaces in a deep geologic repository for nuclear high level waste will have an important effect on the long-term performance of the waste package. The important temperature effects of an annular air gap surrounding a high level waste canister are determined through 3-D numerical modeling. Air gap properties and parameters specifically analyzed and presented are the air gap size, surfaces emissivity, presence of a sleeve, and initial thermal power generation rate; particular emphasis was placed on determining the effect of these variables have on the canister surface temperature. Finally a discussion based on modeling results is presented which specifically relates the results to NRC regulatory considerations.

The injection and penetration of bacteria into a reservoir is the most problematic and crucial of the steps in microbial enhanced recovery (MEOR). In the last phase of our work valuable information on bacterial transport in porous media was obtained. A great deal of progress was made to determine chemical bonding characteristics between adsorbed bacteria and the rock surfaces. In order to further enhance our knowledge of the effects of surface tensions on bacteria transport through porous media, a new approach was taken to illustrate the effect of liquid surface tension on bacterial transport through a sandpack column. Work in surface charge characterization of reservoir rock as a composite oxide system was also accomplished. In the last section of this report a mathematical model to simulate the simultaneous diffusion and growth of bacteria cells in a nutrient-enriched porous media is proposed.

Measurements of two- and three-particle correlations between like-sign pions produced in e/sup +/e/sup minus/ annihilation at 29 GeV center-of-mass energy are presented. The analysis is based on data taken during the period 1982--1986 using the TPC/2..gamma.. detector at PEP. Two-particle correlations are studied as a function of Q, the momentum difference as measured in the rest frame of the pion pair, and as a function of q/sub 0/, the energy difference as measured in the lab frame. The Bose-Einstein enhancement is observed when Q is small even when the energy difference, q/sub 0/, is substantial. This observation provides evidence that the Bose-Einstein correlations are best described by a model that correctly accounts for the relativistic motion of the particle sources. Three-pion correlations are measured both by using a standard three-pion correlation function, and also by using a correlation function for which the correlations between the pairs of pions within the triplet have been subtracted. The observation of three-pion correlations after pair correlations have been subtracted supports the interpretation that the observed correlations are due to Bose-Einstein interference. 56 refs.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a capacitively-coupled inductive shunt current sensor. To achieve the other object, and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the apparatus of this invention may comprise a capacitively coupled inductive shunt current sensor comprising: annular inductive channel means formed in a conductor carrying a high voltage pulsed current; an electrode capacitively coupled to said conductor on opposite sides of said annular inductive channel means; voltage dividing capacitor means connected in series with said electrode for reducing the magnitude of the detected output signal; output coupling means connected to said voltage dividing capacitor means for producing an output signal representative of said high voltage pulsed current.

This report contains TERA's estimates of capital requirements to transport natural gas, crude oil, petroleum products, and coal in the United States by 1990. The low, medium, and high world-oil-price scenarios from the EIA's Mid-range Energy Forecasting System (MEFS), as used in the 1979 Annual Report to Congress (ARC), were provided as a basis for the analysis and represent three alternative futures. TERA's approach varies by energy commodity to make best use of the information and analytical tools available. Summaries of transportation investment requirements through 1990 are given. Total investment requirements for three modes (pipelines, rails, waterways and the three energy commodities can accumulate to a $49.9 to $50.9 billion range depending on the scenario. The scenarios are distinguished primarily by the world price of oil which, given deregulation of domestic oil prices, affects US oil prices even more profoundly than in the past. The high price of oil, following the evidence of the last year, is projected to hold demand for oil below the recent past.

The Cascade reactor is double-cone shaped with a maximum radius of 5 m. It rotates at 50 rpm. The average temperature of a three-material flowing granular blanket leaving the reactor is 1440 K. Heat from the blanket is transferred to helium gas in a shell- and ceramic-tube-type heat exchanger that has a separate region for each blanket material. Diffusion of tritium from the blanket granules through the heat exchanger is only 25 Ci/d, so no intermediate loop is needed for isolation. We selected a simple once-through, regenerative, 5-MPa helium gas-turbine (Brayton) cycle for power conversion because of its simplicity and high efficiency. Fusion power is 1500 MW; this is multiplied to 1670 MW/sub t/ in the blanket. Power conversion efficiency is 55%. Net electric power is 815 MW/sub e/, produced with a net plant efficiency of 49%.

The design and partial construction of a new trickle-flow, packed bed reactor system was achieved. This reactor will be used to conduct investigations of throwaway type catalysts and zoned or mixed catalyst beds. It will also be used to support studies of catalyst activity decay. Most of these decay studies will be conducted in the Catalyst Life Test Unit (CLTU). The CLTU has been improved by redesign of the H/sub 2/ flow system and several minor changes. A new H/sub 2/ supply system has been designed and items ordered for installation. One experimental run was conducted in one of the three reactors of the CLTU. Raw anthracene oil was the feedstock and a vendor catalyst was used (Nalco, NM-502, Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/). Run conditions were: 700F(371C), 1500 psig and 2.0 hour space time (volume hourly). The objective of this run was to test equipment, familiarize personnel and to obtain a data base for future experiments. The sulfur removal was better than 95% throughout the 162 hours of operation. However, nitrogen removal activity decayed from 70% to about 35% after only 30 to 50 hours.

This report calculates the effect of the conductances of the pumping lines on the pumping speeds of the vacuum pumps being used to pump the inner vessel, and annular space, vacuum tight during the CC Cryostat testing. Effective pumping speeds were calculated for various values of pressure via the above stated formulas (see calculations). Conductances of valves, elbows, and tees were calculated with the help of ref. 1, and the volumes of the inner vessel and annular space were calculated wtth the aid of ref. 2. The major results of these calculations follow. The attached graphs show the effective pumping speed vs. pressure, as well as the pressure vs. pumpdown time for both the inner vessel pumpdown and the annular space pumpdown. Many intervals of pressure were chosen in order to give a complete picture of the effects on the pumping speed, and pumpdown time. An important rule of thumb is that the effective pumping speed be close to the intrinsic pump speed in the region of interest for the best efficiency. With an infinite conductance, these quantities become equal. In the case of the annular space pumpdown. the effective pumping speed is within approximately 15% of the intrinsic pump …

We have studied hadron production in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at 29 GeV center of mass energy. We have measured the particle fractions and particle separated differential cross sections using the PEP-4 (Time Projection Chamber) detector. The particles were identified by measuring their ionization energy loss (dE/dx). The pion fraction decreases from above 90% at 400 MeV/c to 55% at 6 GeV/c. Our results for kaon production require that a large number of kaons are produced by strange quarks pulled from the vacuum. We have also measured R, the ratio of the total hadronic cross section to the mu pair cross section. Our value for R is 3.7 with an uncertainty of 10%. This value is in agreement with the results of other experiments and with the predictions of the quark-parton model.

To assure the protection of the public and plant equipment, improbable accidents were hypothesized to form the basis for the design of safety systems. One such accident is the postulated failure of the Intermediate Heat Transfer System (IHTS) piping within the Steam Generator Building (SGB), resulting in a large-scale sodium fire. This paper discusses the design and development of plant features to reduce the consequences of the accident to acceptable levels. Additional design solutions were made to mitigate the sodium spray contribution to the accident scenario. Sodium spill tests demonstrated that large sodium leaks can be safely controlled in a sodium-cooled nuclear power plant.

This report talks about Closed Orbit Analysis For RHIC

A recent concept for collective acceleration and focusing of a high energy electron bunch is discussed, in the context of its possible applicability to large linear colliders in the TeV range. The scheme can be considered to be a member of the general class of two-beam accelerators, where a high current, low voltage beam produces the acceleration fields for a trailing high energy bunch.

A combination regenerative ring and backward Raman waveguide amplifier and a combination regenerative ring oscillator and backward Raman waveguide amplifier which produce Raman amplification, pulse compression, and efficient energy extraction from the CO/sub 2/ laser pump signal for conversion into a Stokes radiation signal. The ring cavity configuration allows the CO/sub 2/ laser pump signal and Stokes signal to copropagate through the Raman waveguide amplifier. The backward Raman waveguide amplifier configuration extracts a major portion of the remaining energy from the CO/sub 2/ laser pump signal for conversion to Stokes radiation.

The purpose of this paper is to provide comments on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Notice in the Federal Register entitled, ``Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category, Offshore Subcategory; Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards; New Information and Request or Comments`` (53 FR 41356; October 21, 1988). This Notice announces the availability of new technical, economic and environmental assessment information relating to the development of Best Available Technology economically achievable (BAT and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) regulations under the Clean Water Act governing the discharge of drilling fluids (muds) and drill cuttings from offshore oil and gas facilities. The Notice is part of a rulemaking process which formally began with the initial release of rules in August 1985 and which incorporates numerous comments and additional data received subsequent to the release of the 1985 rules. The comments in this paper will concentrate on the following five issues: Estimated project impacts are misrepresented by assuming weighted-average incremental costs of regulation. Economic impacts are inaccurate, since annual compliance costs will likely affect the number of wells drilled, by the effect of compliance costs on project economics and the reduction in industry cash flows on capital available for drilling. …

A surge counter for a rotating compressor is provided which detects surging by monitoring the vibration signal from an accelerometer mounted on the shaft bearing of the compressor. The circuit detects a rapid increase in the amplitude envelope of the vibration signal, e.g., 4 dB or greater in less than one second, which is associated with a surge onset and increments a counter. The circuit is rendered nonresponsive for a period of about 5 seconds following the detection which corresponds to the duration of the surge condition. This prevents multiple registration of counts during the surge period due to rapid swings in vibration amplitude during the period.

This interoffice memorandum describes an incineration system to be used for incinerating wood. The system is comprised of a shredder and an incinerator. The entire process is described in detail. A brief study of particulates, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides emission is presented.

Borosilicate waste glass durability in simulated repository environments can be assessed by use of static tests in leach vessels fabricated of the representative geomedia. Control of the oxidation potential during the test simulates a basalt repository environment. Under very anoxic conditions (i.e., at negative Eh values) the interactions between basalt and SRP waste glass in silica-saturated basaltic groundwaters are the same as those of basalt and groundwater when no waste glass is present. The lack of significant leaching of ions from the waste glass and the lack of any significant changes in either the leached surfaces of glass or basalt under anoxic conditions suggests that the components of this system are at equilibrium when oxygen is absent.

A software programmable control system has been developed that automates the glass fusing process used in the production of semiconductor thermopile elements. The new control system replaces an older, mostly manual, electromechanical design. This report describes the new control design and its functional features.

The study investigated the downhole progressive metamorphism at the Salton Sea site by monitoring and evaluating discontinuous and continuous metamorphic reactions. The main emphasis was placed on: (1) the addition of petrographic, geochemical, and mineralogical data to the Salton Sea data base; (2) determination of downhole reactions; (3) evaluation of the progress of individual continuous reaction (epsilon) and the overall reaction progress (epsilon/sub T/) during the transition from one metamorphic zone to the next; and (4) evaluation and correlation of mineral reactions and reaction progress with mineral phase and organic material geothermometry. To these ends, thirty-three samples from the Salton Sea core were analyzed for: (1) quantitative modal mineralogy using the x-ray diffraction reference intensity method (RIM), (2) 30 major and trace elements in the whole rock and (3) mineral chemistry and structural state. In addition, a subset of these samples were used for temperature determinations using vitrinite reflectivity.

The original microchannel plates have been damaged in the beam region. After an attempt to revive the plates by baking, the gain of the central 30mm is still reduced by approximately a factor of three. The plates appear to have been irreversibly damaged by being operated for an extended period of time at high gain with high debuncher beam currents. A new set of microchannel plates has been installed in the monitor. Because of a production error, the gap between the microchannel plate output and the anode wire plane was set at 15mm instead of 3mm. The high voltage divider allowed a maximum of 170 volts to be applied across this gap. Under the conditions at which the Monitor was being operated, the distribution of collected electrons from a single micro channel was spread over a large area. A collimated UV light source which had a FWHM of 3mm produced a profile with a FWHM of 22mm with an amplifier threshold supply voltage of 1.0 V and FWHM of 9mm with a threshold voltage of 5.0V. See Figure 1. When new microchannel plates were installed, the anode gap was reduced to 9.5mm, and the gap voltage was increased to 760V, …

The available overdriven shockwave data for a number of explosives have been analyzed and compared. The data follow neither a constant gamma pattern nor the JWL EOS that fits expansion data to high accuracy. Modifications of the JWL function are proposed to correct for discrepancies and also to allow for the appropriate volume dependence of the Grueneisen constant indicated by previous and more recent work. The deviations from the JWL form of the equation of state appear directly above the CJ point for 9404 and PETN while Pentolite and TNT agree with this form over a portion of the Hugoniot. The comparisons with other experiments and a theoretical EOS indicate nonequilibrium behavior.

A US Air Force (USAF) Residential Energy Conservation Methodology was developed to compare USAF needs and available data to the procedures of the Residential Conservation Service (RCS) program as developed for general use by utility companies serving civilian customers. Attention was given to the data implications related to group housing, climatic data requirements, life-cycle cost analysis, energy saving modifications beyond those covered by RCS, and methods for utilizing existing energy consumption data in approaching the USAF survey program. Detailed information and summaries are given on the five subtasks of the program. Energy conservation alternatives are listed and the basic analysis techniques to be used in evaluating their thermal performane are described. (MCW)

This system provides trigger signals at various times and clock signals at various frequencies for the CAMAC transient recorders of the plasma diagnostics system for the TMX-Upgrade. The timing system is designed so that all clocks are in fixed-phase relation to their corresponding triggers and to each other. Therefore, data recorded from the different diagnostics can be directly time compared. Trigger signals can be generated in 100-ns increments, with an uncertainty of 500 ps. The clock signals have a time uncertainty of less than 1 ns. The system is arranged so that these accuracies are maintained over the entire diagnostic room. The timing system is modular and uses mostly digital delay generators, signal fan outs, and frequency dividers. Because of the modular approach, the system can be arranged in several ways (producing many possible trigger times and sample rate clocks) and still maintain a system in which all clocks and triggers are in a fixed-phase relationship.

In this study we investigate how the design of the neutron blanket effects the displacement damage rate in the first structural wall (FSW) of an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) reactor. Two generic configurations are examined; in the first, the steel wall is directly exposed to the fusion neutrons, whereas in the second, the steel wall is protected by inner blanket of lithium with an effective thickness of 1-m. The latter represents a HYLIFE-type design, which has been shown to have displacement damage rates an order of magnitude lower than unprotected wall designs. The two basic configurations were varied to show how the dpa rate changes as the result of (1) adding a Li blanket outside the FSW, (2) adding a neutron reflector (graphite) outside the FSW, and (3) changing the position of the inner lithium blanket relative to the FSW. The effects of neutron moderation in the compressed DT-target are also shown, and the unprotected and protected configurations compared.