Corrosion of metals is an extremely important field with great economic and engineering implications at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. To effectively combat corrosion, one must understand the processes occurring. This paper shows the utility of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) data for elucidating the processes occurring in one particular corrosion process - the oxidation of uranium by water - and for validating a theoretical model. It had long been known that the oxidation of uranium by water is retarded by the presence of oxygen gas and the retardation has been assumed to occur by site blocking at the surface. However, when alternate isotopic exposures were made, followed by exposure to a mixture of /sup 16/O/sub 2/ and /sup 18/OH/sub 2/, the rapid exchange of /sup 16/O and /sup 18/O occurred in the oxide layer, but the further oxidation by water in this and subsequent exposures was retarded for up to 21 hours. This shows graphically that OH/sub 2/ is not held up at the surface and that the retarding mechanism is effective at the oxide/metal interface rather than at the surface. The effectiveness of the O/sub 2/ to retard the further water oxidation was much reduced if no water-formed …

As soon as two SLC beams make it to the intersection region, both transverse offsets, spot sizes and shapes can be extracted from the pattern of angular deflections produced by the electromagnetic interaction of the two beams, as one is scanned across the other. These deflections, measured in two high resolution Beam Position Monitors (BPM) mounted symmetrically on both sides of the intersection point, will produce detectable signals allowing spot sizes to be tuned, even with the very low luminosities expected at turn on. They will also furnish a good signal to monitor beam centering and will therefore become an important part of the FFS feedback system. This note summarizes the formulae which will allow us to correlate BPM offset readings with the properties of the two beams, and describes the range and limitations of the technique in the case of SLC.

The desirable features of cells in suspension will necessarily be dependent upon the use for which the cells were prepared. Adequate cell yield or recovery is defined by the measurement to be performed. Retention of cellular morphology is important for microscopic identification of cell types in a heterogenous cell suspension, and may be used to determine whether the cells in suspension are representative of those in the tumor in situ. Different dispersal protocols may yield cells with different degrees of clonogenicity, as well as altered biochemical features, such as loss of cellular proteins, surface antigens, nucleotide pools, etc. The quality of the cell suspension can be judged by the degree of cell clumping and level of cellular debris, both of which impact on flow cytometric measurements and studies in which the number of cells be known accurately. Finally, if the data measured on the cells in suspension are to be extrapolated to phenomena occurring in the tumor in situ, it is desirable that the cells in suspension are representative of those in the solid tumor in vivo. This report compares characteristics of tumor cell suspensions obtained by different types of selected disaggregation methods. 33 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.

It has been suggested (ref.1) that high energy linear colliders might operate with non-round beam profiles, i.e. with different sigma/sub x/ and sigma/sub y/, described by an aspect ratio R = sigma/sub y/sigma/sub x/. The advantage of flat beams is the expectation, that ''beamstrahlung'', i.e., beam-beam synchrotron radiation is reduced with increasing R. The reason for this reduction comes from the fact that for constant bunch area and therefore constant luminosity the mean physical distance between the particles increases with R. When the physical distances are larger, the electromagnetic fields and therefore particle acceleration and radiation decrease. This would be of particular importance for very large linear colliders (VLC), where beamstrahlung may consume an appreciable fraction of the incident energy. The underlying assumption is that the emittance quality can be preserved in the deformed bunch. 4 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Free hydroxide ion in dilute supernates are depleted by reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate and carbonate species and by reaction with acidic compounds formed by the radiolytic decomposition of tetraphenylborate salts. A model of the kinetics and thermodynamics of absorption of carbon dioxide in the waste tanks has been developed. Forecasts of the rate of hydroxide depletion and the requirements for sodium hydroxide to maintain technical standards have been made for the washed sludge and washed precipitate storage tanks. Hydroxide depletion is predicted to have a minimal impact on sludge processing operations. However, in-tank precipitation and downstream DWPF operations are predicted to be significantly affected by hydroxide depletion in Tank 49H. The installation of a carbon dioxide scrubber on Tank 49H may be justified in view of the decrease in alkali content and variation in the melter feed.

A major goal for commercial applications of fusion reactors is to minimize radioactive wastes and to dispose of them by near-surface burial. There currently are no regulations specifically applicable to fusion wastes but those in force for fission wastes furnish a framework for expected fusion regulations. This paper recommends that all nuclides with half-lives greater than five years be assigned concentration limits as done in 10CFR61 for fission wastes. The paper gives approximate limits for all the significant long half-life sources of gamma radiation in the currently known periodic table. In the absence of working fusion reactors, computer models must be used to estimate the expected actual concentrations of radioactive nuclides. These estimates are needed to guide design parameters to achieve minimum radioactivity in fusion reactors. It is believed that the computer models and nuclear reaction libraries must be much more comprehensive than ordinarily used today to do activation calculations.

The evaluation of background levels at the SLC relies, in several cases, on the proper representation of how low momentum electrons propagate through the Arcs and the Final Focus System (FFS). For example, beam - gas bremsstrahlung in the arcs causes electrons of up to 6% energy loss to be transported through to the IP; secondary showers on edges of masks and collimators yield debris with a very wide momentum spectrum. This note is a naive attempt at checking the validity of TRANSPORT and TURTLE calculations, by evaluating the contributions of the momentum terms to increasingly higher order, and checking the mutual consistency of the results produced by the two methods on a beam of wide momentum spread. 8 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

The width of the experimental hall at a 6-GeV facility is closely related to the length of the beamlines. This note addresses this aspect in some detail. In general, no two beamlines will have identical lengths or the placement of various optical elements. Hence fixing the beamline lengths prior to their assignment to specific experiments is difficult. In spite of this fact, a few general conclusions can be made. 1. At least 25 m of all the beamlines will be behind the shielding wall. Within this length many beamline components can be accommodated. 2. For most beamlines on bending magnets, the first optical element will be at 30 m. For a 3:1 aspect ratio for the optics, the hutch will be at about 40-50 m. This will cover most of the general applications like absorption spectroscopy, diffraction, etc. 3. The undulator beamlines will have to be somewhat longer with the experimental hutch located at about 70-80 m for most investigations. This demands the width of the hall to be about 32 m measured from the beamline to the ring road.

A measurement control (MC) program should be an integral part of every nondestructive assay measurement system used for the assay of special nuclear materials. This report describes an MC program for plutonium isotopic composition measurements using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. This MC program emphasizes the standardization of data collection procedures along with the implementation of internal and external measurement control checks to provide the requisite measurement quality assurance. This report also describes the implementation of the MC program in the isotopic analysis code GRPAUT. Recommendations are given concerning the importance and frequency of the various MC checks in order to ensure a successful implementation of the MC procedures for the user's application.

The process of longitudinal compression of a drifting heavy ion pulse to be used as an ICF driver is examined with the aid of particle simulation. Space charge forces play a vital role in halting compression before the final focus lens system is reached. This must take place with minimal growth of transverse emittance and momentum spread. Of particular concern is the distortion of longitudinal phase space by the rounded transverse profile of the longitudinal self-electric field.

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This report describes the status of CH foam development with densities of 50 mg/ccs and cell sizes of 1 ..mu..m for the ICF Program. Two approaches that both involve polymer phase separation are being investigated. The first involves a gelation-crystallization of high molecular weight polyethylene from solution, whereas the second approach involves the modification of the phase separation morphology of water-styrene emulsions by molecularly-tailored surfactants followed by polymerization of the continuous styrene phase.

X-ray beams emerging from the new SLAC electron-positron storage ring (PEP) impinge on the entrance to tangential divertor channels causing highly localized heating in the channel structure. Analyses were completed to determine the temperatures and thermally-induced stresses due to this heating. These parts are cooled with water flowing axially over them at 30/sup 0/C. The current design and operating conditions should result in the entrance to the new divertor channel operating at a peak temperature of 123/sup 0/C with a peak thermal stress at 91% of yield. Any micro-cracks that form due to thermally-induced stresses should not propagate to the coolant wall nor form a path for the coolant to leak into the storage ring vacuum. 34 figs., 4 tabs.

Progress in laser fusion research has increased the need for detail and precision in the diagnosis of experiments. This has spawned the development and use of sophisticated sub-nanosecond resolution diagnostic systems. These systems typically use ultrafast x-ray or optical streak cameras in combination with spatially imaging or spectrally dispersing elements. These instruments provide high resolution data essential for understanding the processes occurring in the interaction of high intensity laser light with targets. Several of these types of instruments and their capabilities will be discussed. The utilization of these kinds of diagnostics systems on the nearly completed 100 kJ Nova laser facility will be described.

The Fusion Power Demonstration, Configuration II (FPD-II), will ba a DT burning tandem mirror facility with thermal barriers, designed as the next step engineering test reactor (ETR) to follow the tandem mirror ignition test machines. Current plans call for FPD-II to be a multi-purpose device. For approximately the first half of its lifetime, it will operate as a high-Q ignition machine designed to reach or exceed engineering break-even and to demonstrate the technological feasibility of tandem mirror fusion. The second half of its operation will focus on the evaluation of candidate reactor blanket designs using a neutral beam driven test cell inserted at the midplane of the 90 m long cell. This machine called FPD-II+T, uses an insert configuration similar to that used in the MFTF-..cap alpha..+T study. The modeling and optimization of FPD-II+T are the topic of the present paper.