This paper describes a gas chromatograph that was designed for dedicated analysis of hydrogen isotopic and permanent gas impurities in tritium and tritium-deuterium mixtures. The instrument that was developed substantially improved the accuracy and precision of hydrogen isotopic analysis in the 20 ppM to one mole percent range as compared with other analytical methods. Several unique design features of the instrument were required due to the radiation and isotopic exchange properties of the tritium in the samples; descriptions of these features are presented along with details of the complete chromatographic system. The experimental procedures used to calibrate the detector and statistically evaluate its performance are given, and the sources of analytical error are cited. The limitations of the present system are also discussed.

The need in clinical nuclear medicine for imaging devices with high spatial resolution has been discussed at length for many years. More recently, specialists in cardiology and neurology have restated this need for greater resolution in order to effect earlier or more accurate diagnoses of brain tumors, cerebral and myocardial ischemia and infarcts and septum defects, among others. Our approach to filling this need is to ultimately develop a 3072-element, high-purity germanium camera with a 2-mm spatial resolution, an energy resolution of 2 to 3 percent for /sup 99m/Tc, and a clinically useful area of 123 cm/sup 2/ for imaging the average adult heart, breast or brain. To this end, a 100-element prototype has been constructed and images of rats and mice have been obtained with the use of single and multiple isotopes. A second prototype with 512 elements has also been completed and tested. The 512 elements are derived from an array of electrodes, on the bottom of two germanium crystals, orthogonal to 16 electrodes on the top. The top electrodes are electrically in parallel and have a common electronic readout. The p-contact is palladium over germanium oxide, and the n-side is gold over the lithium diffusion. Cooling for …

As part a program to study the mechanism of detonation in explosives, the effect of a pulse of high-energy electrons on an explosive's detonation velocity was examined. A short, intense burst of 1.1-MeV electrons was directed onto a specimen of XTX-8003 explosive in a narrow track as a detonation wave was passing along it. No change in the detonation velocity resulted from an electron energy fluence of 1.4 J/cm/sup 2/.

A program conducted to estimate the physical properties of the thermonuclear fusion fuel, D-T (actually the mixture deuterium-deuterium tritide-tritium) is described. The literature is reviewed on the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen, hydrogen deuteride, and deuterium. Discussions are included on heat capacity and its attendant enthalpy deals with the crystal lattice, rotational, and quadrupolar mechanisms. For thermal conductivity, phonon scattering at crystallite boundaries and self-collisions (Umklapp processes) that reduce the phonon mean free path are described. The effects of rotational energy in either reducing crystallite size or causing phonon scattering from quadrupolar sublevels are discussed. Thermal diffusivity is derived from these properties plus density. An estimate of all the properties for the solid D-T mixture is included. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity prove especially interesting because they may vary as much as five orders of magnitude as a function of temperature, rotational energy, and radiation damage.

A focusing system which utilizes two f/0.47 doublets in conjunction with ellipsoidal mirrors produces two focusing cones with half angles of 81.5/sup 0/. This system has been used with the LLL Janus laser system to irradiate and implode DT filled glass microshells approximately 80 ..mu..m diameter. The purpose of the system was to provide more uniform heating of the pusher and compression of the fuel than had been obtained with Janus irradiated targets using f/1 lenses. Neutron yields of approximately 10/sup 7/ per event have been obtained and x-ray micrographs indicate tha the heating of the pusher was more uniform. Also the implosions are definitely more spherical than those obtained with the f/1 lenses. Data is also presented which add further confirmation to the importance of absorption by plasma wave resonance for non normal incidence of the laser light with the target.

Experiments were performed on the Janus laser with ..cap alpha..- spherical illumination system producing very nearly uniform energy deposition on microscopic laser fusion targets. The target performance as measured by the thermonuclear reaction yield was increased by a factor of 2.5 over experiments performed with f/1 lenses. Simple considerations of useful absorbed energy together with ..cap alpha..-particle time-of-flight measurements indicate that the D-T ion temperatures were not increased over those of earlier experiments. The increased neutron yield is thus to first order caused by the greater uniformity of compression achieved. Measurements of absorption as a function of focal overlap of the ellipsoidal mirrors support the hypothesis that resonance absorption plays an important role in these laser fusion experiments.

This report (vol. 7) presents graphs of major neutron-induced interaction cross sections in the Experimental Cross Section Information Library (ECSIL) as of July 4, 1976. It consists primarily of interactions where a single data set contains enough points to show cross section behavior. In contrast, vol. 8 of this UCRL-50400 series consists of interactions where more than one data set is needed to show cross section behavior. Thus, you can find the total, elastic, capture, and fission cross sections (along with the parameters ..nu.. bar, ..cap alpha.., and eta) in vol. 7 and all other reactions in vol. 8. Data are plotted with associated cross section error bars (when given) and compared with the Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDL) as of July 4, 1976. The plots are arranged in ascending order of atomic number (Z) and atomic weight (A). Part A contains the plots for Z = 1 to 55; Part B contains the plots for Z is greater than 55.

This report (vol. 7) presents graphs of major neutron-induced interaction cross sections in the Experimental Cross Section Information Library (ECSIL) as of July 4, 1976. It consists primarily of interactions where a single data set contains enough points to show cross-section behavior. In contrast, vol. 8 of this UCRL-50400 series consists of interactions where more than one data set is needed to show cross section behavior. Thus, you can find the total, elastic, capture, and fission cross sections (along with the parameters anti ..nu.., ..cap alpha.., and eta) in vol. 7 and all other reactions in vol. 8. Data are plotted with associated cross section error bars (when given) and compared with the Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDL) as of July 4, 1976. The plots are arranged in ascending order of atomic number (Z) and atomic weight (A). Part A contains the plots for Z = 1 to 55; Part B contains the plots for Z greater than 55.

The bibliographic citations in the Experimental Cross Section Information Library (ECSIL) as of July 4, 1976 are tabulated. The tabulation has three arrangements: alphabetically by author, alphabetically by publication, and numerically by reference number.

Indexes to the neutron-induced interaction data in the Experimental Cross Section Information Library (ECSIL) as of July 4, 1976 are tabulated. The tabulation has two arrangements: isotope (ZA) order and reaction-number order.

This report (vol. 8) presents graphs of supplemental neutron-induced cross sections in the Experimental Cross Section Information Library (ECSIL) as of July 4, 1976. It consists of interactions where more than one data set is needed to show cross-section behavior. In contrast, vol. 7 of this UCRL-50400 series consists primarily of interactions where a single data set contains enough points to show cross-section behavior. Vol. 7 contains total, elastic, capture, and fission cross sections (along with the parameters anti ..nu.., ..cap alpha.., and eta). Volume 8 contains all other reactions. Data are plotted with associated cross-section error bars (when given) and compared with the Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDL) as of July 4, 1976. The plots are arranged in ascending order of atomic number (Z) and atomic weight (A). Part A contains the plots for Z = 1 to 35; Part B contains the plots for Z greater than 35.

This report (Vol. 8) presents graphs of supplemental neutron-induced cross sections in the Experimental Cross Section Information Library (ECSIL) as of July 4, 1976. It consists of interactions where more than one data set is needed to show cross-section behavior. In contrast, Vol. 7 of this UCRL-50400 series consists primarily of interactions where a single data set contains enough points to show cross-section behavior. In Vol. 7 can be found the total, elastic, capture, and fission cross sections (along with the parameters anti ..nu.., ..cap alpha.., and eta). Volume 8 contains all other reactions. Data are plotted with associated cross-section error bars (when given) and compared with the Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDL) as of July 4, 1976. The plots are arranged in ascending order of atomic number (Z) and atomic weight (A). Part A contains the plots for Z = 1 to 35; Part B contains the plots for Z greater than 35.

We provide, on microfiche records, tabulated values for data points in the Experimental Cross-Section Information Library (ECSIL). The microfiche records also include corresponding bibliographic information and data indexes. ECSIL now contains 1,600,000 neutron-cross-section data points.

A methodology for reducing the complexity of designing dedicated real-time control systems is developed. It is shown that three areas are amenable to automation: the selection and configuration of hardware, the production of software, and the adaptation of a monitor to maintain real-time integrity of the entire system. The concept of hardware binding is introduced, and it is shown that delaying the point in the design cycle where hardware is functionally bound allows a new approach to machine independence. Concepts which allow expression of repetitive control situations are described, and a realization-independent language (CSDL), based on these concepts, is defined. Methods for automatically selecting a time-wise correct monitor are classified, and techniques for specifying the realization capabilities of digital processors are discussed. These concepts and techniques are brought together in a design automation system for the production of a complete controller design from a behavioral description. An example description is traced through the CSD System; a software listing and hardware configuration document for an actual microprocessor (the Intel 8080) is produced. This research provides a structured description of the control system design process, and allows a unified perspective in the realization of controllers for applications previously considered to be unrelated. …

The neutron source calibration procedure used in the LLL Hazards Control Calibrations and Standards Facility is described. The source strength is determined by comparing the equilibrium activity of /sup 56/Mn in a MnSO/sub 4/ bath induced by an unknown source to the activity induced by a known source that has been calibrated by the National Bureau of Standards.

Field equations solved by the beam propagation code EMPULSE are presented, including their derivation from the underlying Maxwell equations. The code treats a highly relativistic charged particle beam propagating in a gas--plasma medium characterized by scalar conductivity. (JFP)

The operating procedure for the LLL Hazards Control Calibration and Standards Facility neutron generator is described. The generator is a Texas Nuclear Model 9400, and is located in the Low-Scatter Room. A general description of the generator is included.

One of the major problems needing consideration when bringing a geothermal field into production is the anticipation and control of mineral precipitation in both the producing formations and production equipment. Prediction of the chemical interactions between natural multicomponent thermal fluids and the minerals comprising a producing formation can be accomplished by the study of equilibrium models approximating the natural system. Models are constructed from theoretically and experimentally derived thermodynamic data for the involved minerals and aqueous species. This equilibrium modeling approach was applied to the rock-water system at the East Mesa geothermal area in the Imperial Valley of California. Results of petrographic and fluid analyses are given. (JGB)

Reservoir tests on the geothermal well field at East Mesa, California were conducted in two phases. The first phase was aimed at conducting a production test on well 31-1. This production test was to consist of placing the pressure gage (HP gage) at a depth of 5700 feet within 31-1, produce 31-1 at the rate of approximately 50 gpm for about 48 hours, and observe the consequent pressure changes. This production test could not be carried out successfully because the HP gage failed to function satisfactorily at a temperature of 318/sup 0/F (159/sup 0/C) prevalent at 5700 feet. During the second phase of the testing operations, an interference test was conducted with the help of two HP gages. The interference test consisted in producing 6-2 and observing the pressure changes in wells 6-1 and 8-1. The details of this test are reported. (JGB)

Following the successful design in 1974 of a 256-channel battery-powered pulse-height analyzer system, we have completed a second-generation analyzer with advanced features, lighter weight, and more rugged construction. The 17-kg analyzer includes a NaI detector and is packaged as a small suitcase; it has high stability and accuracy to allow use over the temperature range from --30 to +70/sup 0/C. The waterproof unit has many features not found on any commercial unit to allow sophisticated analysis by non-electronics oriented personnel. Its 36-button keyboard will allow manipulation of multiple spectra, integrations, and expanded energy scale with readout in keV. If its self-contained SX70 display camera is not sufficient for record keeping, the unit will telemeter all data onto analog tape or send to a remote computer via phone coupler.

To determine the feasibility of recovering data actively from x-ray imaging instruments used in the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Laser Fusion Program, a commercial silicon video sensor was used to detect patterns of soft x-rays (1-8 keV). The sensor is a 2-dimensional frame transfer charge coupled device (CCD), modified to allow direct access of x-rays to the sensitive silicon. The x-ray sensitivity, linearity, and dynamic range of the CCD are discussed.

A Monte Carlo code was written that calculates the transport of neutrons, photons, and neutron-induced photons. The cross sections of these particles are derived from TARTNP's data base, the Evaluated Nuclear Data Library. The energy range of the neutron data in the Library is 10/sup -9/ MeV to 20 MeV; the photon energy range is 1 keV to 20 MeV. One of the chief advantages of the code is its flexibility: it allows up to 17 different kinds of output to be evaluated in the same problem.