Experimental results show the sensitivity of hydrodynamically generated vertical loads to changes in the drywell pressurization rate, downcomer submergence, and vent-line loss coefficient. Insignificant effects on peak vertical loads were observed when the vent-line loss was varied. Peak vertical loads can be reduced by adding initial drywell overpressure so that the downcomers are partly cleared of water. Spatial variation of pressure at about the time of vent clearing is seen in comparisons of data from locations along the axis of the toroidal wetwell.

U and Pb isotopic data on samples (10 to 100 gram) 2 to 10 m away from the borders of the Oklo reactor zones indicate a primary age of 2.05 x 10/sup 9/ years for the Oklo deposit and a secondary age of 0.375 x 10/sup 9/ years. All samples show effects of Pb loss; the average loss is 50 percent. Both the U--Pb and Pb isotopic data are consistent with a model of a primary 2.05 x 10/sup 9/ year age of the deposit, continuous volume diffusion of Pb from uraninite, and either continuous or recent loss of this Pb. In this case the 0.375 x 10/sup 9/ year age is an artifact without time significance. Using an average value of D/a/sup 2/ 3.5 x 10/sup -11/ a/sup -1/ (Cowan, this conference) this model explains the apparent 1.8 x 10/sup 9/ year Pb age observed by other workers. From the /sup 208/Pb//sup 206/Pb data the average U/Th value calculated for the Oklo deposit is approximately 100.

In radiation therapy treatment volumes up to several liters have to be irradiated. Today's charged particle programs use ridge filters, scattering foils, occluding rings collimators and boluses to shape the dose distribution. An alternative approach, scanning of a small diameter beam, is analyzed and tentative systems specifications are derived. Critical components are scheduled for fabrication and testing at LBL.

Apparatus is described for rapidly manipulating a hollow glass microsphere laser fusion target and scanning the entire wall with a double pass interference microscope.

A 25 megajoule, 20 kV capacitive energy storage and delivery system has been built and tested for Shiva--a 20 arm, 10 kJ, 20 TW neodymium glass fusion research laser. This system supplies over 3.5 megamperes to xenon flashlamps for optical pumping of the laser amplifier. About 15% of the energy is used to establish magnetic fields within Faraday rotator glass. A digital based control and diagnostics scheme is employed through the entire pulse power system. This scheme utilizes a distributed digital data bus that addresses every element through two levels of optical isolation. The interfacing of low level digital circuitry to a pulse power environment is discussed, as well as the design and performance of the total system. Cost and manufacturing details are important in a project of this size. The projected cost goal of 27 cents/joule, installed and operating, has been met. The general approach to the design, transient analysis, manufacture, and activation of this large power conditioning system is also discussed.

Modifications are described to upgrade the neutral-beam power supply for the TMX from 40 kV, 10 ms to 40 kV, 25 ms. The redesign of the accel and suppressor power supplies to achieve separation of the high-voltage and control sections, operation of the arc pulse lines in series, operation of the arc pulse lines in a noisy environment with SCR trigger and crowbar, and modifications to the electrolytic storage banks are discussed.

Among DOE's goals for inertial confinement fusion is support of construction of a heavy ion facility for demonstration experiments on deuterium tritium (DT) pellets with ion beams of 25 to 100 kJ energy. Three accelerator laboratories (Argonne, Berkeley, and Brookhaven) are actively engaged in accelerator development toward this concept. Several accelerator systems which could meet the criteria for these demonstration experiments are analyzed and compared.

Separate abstracts were prepared for the ten summaries, dealing with various energy and nuclear topics. (DLC)

The author distinguishes between geothermal resource base, accessible geothermal resource base, geothermal resource, and geothermal reserve. Conditions for periodically updating the assessment of geothermal energy resources include: increased data from expanded exploration and drilling; development of improved and new technologies for exploration, evaluation, extraction, and use; rapid evolution of geothermal knowledge; and the increased role of geothermal energy in response to changing economic, social, political, and environmental conditions, particularly an increasing awareness of the limits to petroleum and natural gas resources. Accordingly, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) plans by the end of 1978 to update its 1975 assessment of the United States’ geothermal resource, with increased emphasis on several items. The USGS’s joint evaluations of geothermal resource-assessment techniques in the last year with the National Electric Agency of Italy (ENEL) under U. S. Energy Research and Development Agency sponsorship identified a number of problems, one of which was how to formulate geothermal recovery factors for systems producing by intergranular vaporization and by intergranular flow. The first formulation is fairly rigorous; the author solicits the reservoir engineering community’s help in improving the estimate of the second. 3 figs., 11 refs.

Using double exposure holographic interferometry, an investigation has been made of the Nd laser produced plasmas surrounding disk targets irradiated at different angles of incidence. Measurements have produced a detailed description of the plasma profile necessary for realistic simulations of resonance absorption. A 2660A 15 psec probe pulse is produced by frequency quadrupling a fraction of the main Nd laser pulse from the Janus laser. F/1 and f/10 lenses were utilized to irradiate the targets with intensities ranging from 10/sup 13/ w/cm/sup 2/ to 10/sup 16/ w/cm/sup 2/. Measurements have produced the shape of the electron density profile near critical, the direction of the plasma blowoff, and revealed transverse rippling of the isodensity surfaces.

The 3d4f levels in the spectrum of triply ionized vanadium, V IV, were located by L. Iglesias. She located these levels by identifying transitions from the 3d{sup 2} ground configuration to the 3d4p levels, then to the 3d4d levels and finally to the 3d4f levels. She also identified the transitions from the 3d4d levels to the 3d5p levels, continued up to the 3d5d levels, then back down to the 3d4f levels. Though the 3d4f levels were well established by two routes, the direct transitions from the ground state were not observed, being beyond her experimental range which stopped at 675 {angstrom}. We have photographed the spectrum of vanadium in the region of 190-650 {angstrom} and the direct transitions from 3d{sup 2} to 3d4f have been observed. The spectrum was excited with a vacuum sliding-spark discharge between vanadium metal electrodes separated by a quartz spacer as described previously. Peak discharge current was 1000 {angstrom}. The spectrum was photographed on Kodak SWR plates using the 10 {center_dot} 7 m grazing incidence spectrograph at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C. The plate factor in the region of interest is about 0.27 {angstrom}/mm. The plates were measured on a Grant comparator. Lines …

Ab initio calculations on a series of alcohol dimers including (CH/sub 3/OH)/sub 2/, (CH/sub 3/CH/sub 2/OH)/sub 2/, and (CF/sub 3/CH/sub 2/OH)/sub 2/ have been carried out to compare the effects of various substituents on the hydrogen bond energies and structures and to correlate the results with the wealth of new experimental data on them. Calculations were done with the minimal STO-3G basis set. The methanol and ethanol dimers both have nearly linear hydrogen bonds. The ethanol dimer is also similar in energy to the methanol dimer. Dimers involving both the g-staggered and t-staggered isomers of 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol were considered. The g-staggered isomer is more stable than the t-staggered isomer by 0.7 kcal/mole and has an intramolecular bond. The dimer of the t-staggered isomer was found to have a linear hydrogen bond as in the methanol and ethanol dimers with a similar hydrogen bond energy. In contrast, the dimer of the g-staggered isomer has a cyclic structure which is more stable by about 0.5 kcal/mole. The results are consistent with experimental measurements of the gas phase enthalpies of association of alcohols.

Electronic properties have an important role in the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and the mutagenic action of its metabolites. In this paper, the ground electronic state of BP is characterized by the ab initio molecular fragment floating spherical Gaussian orbital method, and a speculative structural-electronic mechanism is presented for the oxidation of PAHs to epoxides by cytochrome P-450.

The Environmental Science Division at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has in use a system of absolute Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Basically, absolute INAA is dependent upon the absolute measurement of the disintegration rates of the nuclides produced by neutron capture. From such disintegration rate data, the amount of the target element present in the irradiated sample is calculated by dividing the observed disintegration rate for each nuclide by the expected value for the disintegration rate per microgram of the target element that produced the nuclide. In absolute INAA, the expected value for disintegration rate per microgram is calculated from nuclear parameters and from measured values of both thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes which were present during irradiation. Absolute INAA does not depend on the concurrent irradiation of elemental standards but does depend on the values for thermal and epithermal neutron capture cross-sections for the target nuclides. A description of the analytical method is presented.

This paper outlines the AC distribution system associated with the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor and discusses the significant areas related to design, protection, and equipment selection, particularly where there is a departure from normal utility and industrial applications.

Accelerated aging can be useful in estimating the lifetime of a component of interest. If under ambient conditions a single environmental variable is the predominant cause of the aging process, accelerated aging is often accomplished by raising the level of this variable above its ambient value. The relationship between the mean time to failure and the value of the accelerated environmental variable is extrapolated to ambient conditions in order to establish the ambient lifetime of the component. Often, however, the ambient deterioration of a component is due to a combination of two or more environmental stresses. Synergism is sometimes important in such cases so that the deteriorating effects of the various environments are not additive. Because of possible complications caused by synergistic effects, no general method currently exists for carrying out accelerated aging in combined environments. The present paper proposes a general phenomenological model potentially applicable to combined environmental situations. The model is applied to literature data on the thermoradiation sterilization of Bacillus subtilis var niger for which significant synergistic effects were found for combined thermal and radiation environments. The proposed model does an excellent job in predicting the experimental data.

The National Cancer Institute is supporting a program of accelerator development at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory aimed at the extension of proton linac technologies to produce the most suitable Pion Generator for Medical Irradiations (PIGMI). An optimized design of a pion generator suitable for a radiotherapy program at a major medical center has been established, consisting of a 250-keV injector, followed by a 35-meter-long drift-tube linac that accelerates the proton beam to 150 MeV, and an 85-meter-long coupled-cavity linac that accelerates the beam to its final energy of 650 MeV, where the average beam current of 100 microamperes impinges on one or more targets producing abundant quantities of ..pi../sup -/ mesons for radiotherapeutic applications. A number of extensions to proton linac technology are being pursued under the PIGMI program at LASL. A discussion is given of recent developments in three areas relevant to the acceleration and focusing of proton beams, namely, the alternating phase focused (APF) linac structure, the disk and washer linac structure, and small permanent magnet quadrupole lenses. The APF linac structure is being developed for the acceleration and focusing role from the injection energy of 250 keV to a few MeV, where a transition is made …

A review is given of the theory of polarized beams in circular accelerators or storage rings, and the effects of depolarizing resonances, both steady state and passage through resonance, are discussed. The resonance width is evaluated, and the possibilities of accelerating polarized particles is considered. (PMA)

One of the objectives of the BNL Neutral Beam Development Group is to accelerate negative hydrogen ion beams to energies of several hundreds of kilovolts. In a first attempt, negative ions, produced from surface plasma sources, are extracted at around 15 keV and accelerated across a single gap to energies of 120 keV. Beam currents in excess of one ampere have been accelerated.

Results are presented of the first attempts to accelerate partially stripped heavy ions in the Bevatron. Experiments were performed for hydrogen-like argon and neon ions, and, although the survival time of these ions in the 10/sup -7/ torr Bevatron vacuum was not sufficient to achieve full energy, valuable charge-changing cross section information was obtained.

We present results of the first attempts to accelerate partially stripped heavy ions in the Bevatron. Experiments were performed for hydrogen-like argon and neon ions, and, although the survival time of these ions in the 10{sup -7} torr Bevatron vacuum was not sufficient to achieve full energy, valuable charge-changing cross section information was obtained.

The laser acceleration of small (mass of order 1 gram) solid particles has been computationally analyzed. Acceleration is caused by a one sided laser illumination of a solid particle producing heating of the material, an ablation wave and the resulting ablative reaction force. Laser intensity is constrained to produce an ablation pressure less than the yield strength of the material (typically a few kbar). Preliminary results indicate the possibility of converting absorbed laser energy to solid density kinetic energy with an efficiency greater than 10 percent. Results of LASNEX calculations and comparison with an analytical model are presented which characterize the physics important to the process.

The requirements for a heavy-ion demonstration experiment to achieve useful electric power generation through inertial confinement fusion are discussed. (MOW)

The rising costs of /sup 235/U and other fossil fuels, and the schedule for implementing the breeder reactor have renewed interest in the utilization of accelerators for breeding /sup 233/U or /sup 239/Pu. A discussion is given of some of the basic accelerator parameters and choices to be made in order to meet the technical and economic requirements of such a facility.