The Final Campaign: The Confederate Offensive of 1864 (open access)

The Final Campaign: The Confederate Offensive of 1864

Article details the campaign of Confederate Major General Samuel Bell Maxey against the federal army at Forts Smith and Gibson in Indian Territory. Tom Franzmann attests that the campaign is often overlooked in Oklahoma history and requires a more thorough exposure to determine its effectiveness.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: Franzmann, Tom L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 2, Summer 1985 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 2, Summer 1985

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 3, Fall 1985 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 3, Fall 1985

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 1, Spring 1985 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 1, Spring 1985

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.
Date: Spring 1985
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 4, Winter 1985-1986 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 63, Number 4, Winter 1985-1986

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation. Index to volume 96 starts on page 443.
Date: Winter 1985
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Railroads, Oil and Dutchmen: Investing in the Oklahoma Frontier (open access)

Railroads, Oil and Dutchmen: Investing in the Oklahoma Frontier

Article records the process of investing in the Oklahoma Central Railway and two figures whose names eventually inspired the names of towns on the railroad: Dutch banker Salomon Frederick Van Oss and railroad inspector Gerrit A. A. Middelburg. Augustus J. Veenendaal, Jr. includes primary source material in the form of reports and correspondence from the Dutch investors.
Date: Spring 1985
Creator: Veenendaal, Augustus J., Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A Legacy of Education: The History of the Cherokee Seminaries (open access)

A Legacy of Education: The History of the Cherokee Seminaries

Article depicts the construction and history of the Cherokee National Female and Male Seminaries near Park Hill. Brad Agnew highlights accounts from educators, students, Indian agents, and the Cherokee administration to provide a more complete picture of the legacy and impact of these institutions.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Agnew, Brad
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Broncs, Bulls and Contracts: The Rodeo World of the Beutler Brothers (open access)

Broncs, Bulls and Contracts: The Rodeo World of the Beutler Brothers

Article explores the history of the Beutler Brothers, a family of stock contractors and rodeo runners, and their success in the industry from the 1920s to the 1980s. Randy L. Beutler details the business run by his grand-uncles, Elra, Jake, and Lynn Beutler.
Date: Spring 1985
Creator: Beutler, Randy L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
On Opothleyahola's Trail: Locating the Battle of Round Mountains (open access)

On Opothleyahola's Trail: Locating the Battle of Round Mountains

Article follows the trail of Creek chief Opothleyahola in his fight against Confederate forces through military reports and oral records to determine the actual site of the civil war battle of Round Mountains, a location contested by researchers and historians.
Date: Spring 1985
Creator: Bahos, Charles
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"No Place to Park": L. E. Phillips' Blueprint for Success (open access)

"No Place to Park": L. E. Phillips' Blueprint for Success

Article describes the "blueprint for success" Phillips Petroleum Company co-founder L. E. Phillips lived by, which he also instilled in his son, L. E., Jr. Connie Jennings illustrates how the blend of ethical business and hard work lent to a successful career during the instability of the "boom-and-bust" era of oil in Oklahoma.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: Jennings, Connie
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Kansas-Osage Border War of 1874: Fact or Wishful Thinking? (open access)

The Kansas-Osage Border War of 1874: Fact or Wishful Thinking?

Article examines the claims, accusations, and vague and conflicting reports surrounding the Kansas-Osage Border War of 1874. James R. Christianson investigates whether the Osage were indeed behind several attacks attributed to them at the time, or if the situation had been conflagrated by desperate frontiersmen.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: Christianson, James R.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Panhandle Town Unearthed: The Archaeological and Historical Treasures of Hardesty (open access)

Panhandle Town Unearthed: The Archaeological and Historical Treasures of Hardesty

Article examines archaeological finds at the site of old Hardesty, a ghost town in the Oklahoma Panhandle that was abandoned and relocated, to construct a portrait of the town and its inhabitants.
Date: Winter 1985
Creator: Lees, William B.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Road to Russian Hill: A Story of Immigration and Coal Mining (open access)

The Road to Russian Hill: A Story of Immigration and Coal Mining

Article describes the history of the Carpatho-Russsian community that took root in the area of Hartshorne, Oklahoma known as Russian Hill after immigrating from Galicia. Michael J. Hightower includes recollections from descendants of community members to recall what daily life was like there.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: Hightower, Michael J.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Lincoln's Message to Indian Territory (open access)

Lincoln's Message to Indian Territory

Article explores the devastation caused by the Civil War in Indian Territory and President Abraham Lincoln's attempts to reconcile with the tribes that had signed treaties with the Confederate state through his "Pardon and Amnesty Proclamation." Ernest F. Darling includes a copy of the proclamation, which was translated into Cherokee and distributed.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Darling, Ernest F.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Deadly Business: The Early Years of the Crime Bureau (open access)

Deadly Business: The Early Years of the Crime Bureau

Article records the history of outlaws in Oklahoma as well as the history of the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, known for years as the "State Crime Bureau." OSBI agent "Dee" Cordry focuses on the crime-filled lives of specific outlaws, and warns that although their crimes are in the past, crime fighting is still a dangerous business.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: Cordry, H. D., Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Politics of Culture: The Federal Music Project in Oklahoma (open access)

Politics of Culture: The Federal Music Project in Oklahoma

Article discusses the Works Progress Administration Federal Music Project instituted as one of the relief programs of the New Deal to provide employment to struggling musicians during the Great Depression. Kenneth E. Hendrickson, Jr. investigates its success as well as the difficulties faced by Dean Richardson, Oklahoma state director of the program.
Date: Winter 1985
Creator: Hendrickson, Kenneth E., Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Edith Force Kassing: Scientist with a Gift for Teaching (open access)

Edith Force Kassing: Scientist with a Gift for Teaching

Article provides a biographical tribute to the life and career of Edith Force Kassing, an Oklahoma science teacher who pursued ornithological and herpetological research. Her former student, John S. Tomer, discusses her educational background as well as the types of specimen collections she exhibited.
Date: Winter 1985
Creator: Tomer, John S.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Maladministration of the 1890 Oklahoma Territorial Census (open access)

The Maladministration of the 1890 Oklahoma Territorial Census

Article provides a breakdown of the 1890 Oklahoma Territorial Census. John Womack situates the document with its many flaws within its historical context, and provides a guide for how to utilize it as a valid information source.
Date: Winter 1985
Creator: Womack, John
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Lily-White" Juries on Trial: The Civil Rights Defense of Jess Hollins (open access)

"Lily-White" Juries on Trial: The Civil Rights Defense of Jess Hollins

Article describes the proceedings of the court case against Jess Hollins in 1931, who had allegedly raped a white woman, and the discourse over the racial imbalance in U.S. court juries it inspired. Roger W. Cummins closely examines the details of the case, and provides examples of other cases handled poorly in evidence of a racial bias.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Cummins, Roger W.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Vanity, Vanity, Thy Name is History (open access)

Vanity, Vanity, Thy Name is History

Article explores information derived from a thirty book survey of autobiographical literature published after statehood in Oklahoma that was completed in 1983. Alvin O. Turner identifies the weaknesses and strengths of this type of media and the historical value that can be gained.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Turner, Alvin O.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The New Deal Comes to Shawnee (open access)

The New Deal Comes to Shawnee

Article describes the impact of public works programs created by the Civil Works Administration in the town of Shawnee as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal relief measures during the Great Depression.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Soden, Dale E.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Henry S. Johnston: Attorney for the Otoe-Missourias (open access)

Henry S. Johnston: Attorney for the Otoe-Missourias

Article describes the legal career of Henry S. Johnston as an attorney for the Otoe-Missourias, representing members of the tribe in divorce cases, inheritance cases, and protection of their religious beliefs regarding peyotism. Although he had a contentious political career as governor of Oklahoma, his service to the Otoe-Missourias is the main focus of this article.
Date: Spring 1985
Creator: Hopkins, Kenneth N.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
C.P. "Doc" Wickmiller: Boomer with a "Hatful of Pills" (open access)

C.P. "Doc" Wickmiller: Boomer with a "Hatful of Pills"

Article illustrates the life and career of W. C. "Doc" Wickmiller, a druggist who joined David L. Payne's "boomer" party and settled in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. Genevieve Moss describes the growth of his drugstore from a tent to the first two-story building in town and a mini-museum that showcased all the artifacts he had collected on the frontier.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Moss, Genevieve
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Thomas Jefferson's Letter to the Indians: Fate of a Frontier Artifact (open access)

Thomas Jefferson's Letter to the Indians: Fate of a Frontier Artifact

Article describes a letter to the tribes of Indian Territory issued by Thomas Jefferson, attempting to coerce them into cultural assimilation by joining a tour of the east to see the progress of the "new republic." Robert L. Dorman illustrates how this artifact came to be in the collection of Hubert Monroe Dorman, a frontiersman who befriended members of the Kickapoo tribe.
Date: Winter 1985
Creator: Dorman, Robert L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History