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"Almost Hopeless in the Wake of the Storm": The 1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic in Oklahoma (open access)

"Almost Hopeless in the Wake of the Storm": The 1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic in Oklahoma

Article examines the impact of the Spanish flu epidemic on Oklahomans during 1918-1919. Nigel Anthony Sellars discusses the spread of the epidemic on a detailed level, identifying the medical institutions and professionals who sought to combat the epidemic as it spread from one Oklahoma city to another.
Date: Spring 2001
Creator: Sellars, Nigel Anthony
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Antisuffragist. Antifeminist! Pro-women? The Anomalous Alice Mary Robertson (open access)

Antisuffragist. Antifeminist! Pro-women? The Anomalous Alice Mary Robertson

Article examining Oklahoma's first woman representative in the United States Congress, Alice Mary Robertson. In this article Robertson's attitudes toward suffrage, feminism, and women at home and in politics, are explored.
Date: Spring 2010
Creator: Caldwell, Deah
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Birthday of the Klan: The Tulsa Outrage of 1917 (open access)

Birthday of the Klan: The Tulsa Outrage of 1917

Article describes the events that led to the Tulsa Outrage of 1917, including the emergence of the "Knights of Liberty" a vigilante group grown from the Tulsa Council of Defense which persecuted members of labor organizations and whose actions foreshadowed later violence committed by the Ku Klux Klan.
Date: Winter 2019
Creator: Hopkins, Randy
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Capital Versus Labor in Tulsa: The Mid-Continent Refinery Strike of 1938-40 (open access)

Capital Versus Labor in Tulsa: The Mid-Continent Refinery Strike of 1938-40

Article details the Mid-Continent Refinery Strike of 1938-40. On December 22, 1938, members of the Oil Worker's International Union, representing labor in the petroleum industry at Tulsa's Mid-Continent Refinery, shut down the plant and walked off the job. The bitter, protracted, and occasionally violent fight involved two years of investigations and negotiations.
Date: Spring 2006
Creator: Rubey, Diane M.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Civilian Conservation Corps in the City: Tulsa and Oklahoma City in the 1930s (open access)

The Civilian Conservation Corps in the City: Tulsa and Oklahoma City in the 1930s

Article explores the history of the Civilian Conservation Corps in Tulsa and Oklahoma City. The Corps, formed as a part of New Deal relief labor programs, developed three urban parks in the area.
Date: Autumn 1975
Creator: Holland, Reid A.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Confederate Victory at Chusto-Talasah (open access)

Confederate Victory at Chusto-Talasah

Article details how the Five Civilized Tribes contributed to the Confederate victory at Chusto-Talasah, a battle fought in Indian Territory during the Civil War.
Date: Winter 1971
Creator: Fischer, LeRoy H. & Franks, Kenny A. (Kenny Arthur), 1945-
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Dark Spot on the Sunbelt: Economic Stagnation and Political Corruption in 1950s Oklahoma (open access)

Dark Spot on the Sunbelt: Economic Stagnation and Political Corruption in 1950s Oklahoma

Article examines the roles of negative self-image and political corruption on the stagnation of Oklahoma's economic health in the 1950s.
Date: Summer 2007
Creator: McGoy, Matthew G.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Development of Tula's Petroleum Library (open access)

The Development of Tula's Petroleum Library

Article details the creation and significance of the Petroleum special collection within the Tulsa Public Library.
Date: Autumn 1942
Creator: Osborne, Bradford A.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Educational History in and About Tulsa, Oklahoma (1839-1939) (open access)

Educational History in and About Tulsa, Oklahoma (1839-1939)

Article recounts speeches made during the centennial celebration of the founding of Tulsa county within Oklahoma.
Date: Spring 1940
Creator: Whitman, Louise
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
An Exercise in Pride: Celebrating the Oklahoma Semi-centennial (open access)

An Exercise in Pride: Celebrating the Oklahoma Semi-centennial

This article takes a look back at the semi-centennial celebration of 1957 as Oklahoma prepares to celebrate the centennial of 1907 statehood in 2007.
Date: Summer 2007
Creator: Mullins, Bill
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
First Hospitals in Tulsa (open access)

First Hospitals in Tulsa

Article chronicles the establishment of the Tulsa Hospital Association and the subsequent first hospitals within the city.
Date: Spring 1944
Creator: Clinton, Fred S.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Fred Severs Clinton, M. D., F. A. C. S. (open access)

Fred Severs Clinton, M. D., F. A. C. S.

Article provides a biographical tribute to the life of Fred Severs Clinton. Louise Morse Whitham describes the life of the leading surgeon, builder, President of the Indian Territory Medical Association, and pioneer public health advocate in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Date: Winter 1955
Creator: Whitham, Louise Morse
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
From Brush Arbor to Boston Avenue: The First Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Tulsa, Indian Territory (open access)

From Brush Arbor to Boston Avenue: The First Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Tulsa, Indian Territory

Article chronicles the establishment of the First Methodist Episcopal Church within Tulsa, Oklahoma through correspondence between the missionaries who worked in the area and conferences that established the institution within Indian Territory.
Date: Autumn 1943
Creator: Clinton, Fred S.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
From Parker to Poe: Being a Brief Sketch of the Early Judiciary of Tulsa County (open access)

From Parker to Poe: Being a Brief Sketch of the Early Judiciary of Tulsa County

Article chronicles the judiciary systems set in place within Tulsa county throughout the Spanish, American, and French ownership of the region.
Date: Spring 1938
Creator: Meserve, John Bartlett, 1869-1943
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 1 (open access)

From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 1

Article evaluates the problems of Indian health care and the campaign led by Senator Fred Harris and others to correct a record of neglect.
Date: Winter 2007
Creator: Lowitt, Richard, 1922-2018
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 2 (open access)

From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 2

The second part of this two-part article continues the evaluation of the problems in Indian healthcare and the campaign led by Senators Fred Harris and Dewey Bartlett to correct a record of neglect. The healthcare problem after 1970 was linked to a new federal policy of tribal self-determination.
Date: Spring 2008
Creator: Lowitt, Richard, 1922-2018
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
German-American Immigrants Encounter World War I: A Cautionary Tale (open access)

German-American Immigrants Encounter World War I: A Cautionary Tale

Article reveals the story of one family of German-American immigrants who were conscientious objectors during World War I, and how their story reflects the larger narrative of immigrant religious expression in wartime.
Date: Autumn 2018
Creator: Reimer, Dalton
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Green Yeargain and Star Route 32024 (open access)

Green Yeargain and Star Route 32024

Article describes the life and career of one of the first mail carriers of Tulsa, Green Yeargain, and the route he took to deliver mail, Star Route 32024. Louise Morse Whitham includes the story of Yeargain's interview with an advisor of the Tulsa Historical Society, Lilah D. Lindsey.
Date: Summer 1966
Creator: Whitham, Louise Morse
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Gridiron Pioneers at Henry Kendall College (open access)

Gridiron Pioneers at Henry Kendall College

Article discusses the history of the football team at Henry Kendall College, now the University of Tulsa, including the key coaches and players who contributed to the team's success.
Date: Autumn 1951
Creator: Rutland, Robert
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Harry Campbell (open access)

Harry Campbell

Article provides a biographical sketch of the life and career of Judge Henry Campbell, a civil and legal leader for the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma. Charles Evans includes some of the man's reminiscences after describing his many contributions.
Date: Winter 1950
Creator: Evans, Charles
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Heyday in the Texas League: Oklahoma City-Tulsa Baseball, 1933-1957 (open access)

Heyday in the Texas League: Oklahoma City-Tulsa Baseball, 1933-1957

Article explores the history of baseball in Oklahoma City and Tulsa through the victories and training regime of two major teams: the Oklahoma City Indians and the Tulsa Oilers. Max J. Nichols traces their plays and connection with the Texas League in a golden era of baseball.
Date: Summer 1996
Creator: Nichols, Max J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Hillside Mission (open access)

Hillside Mission

Article narrates the creation and history of the Hillside Mission, a mission school operated by the Friends Society of Philadelphia within Indian Territory.
Date: Autumn 1926
Creator: Miller, Floyd E.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Hoorah for Integration!": The Adoption of the 1955 Better Schools Amendment (open access)

"Hoorah for Integration!": The Adoption of the 1955 Better Schools Amendment

This article examines the campaign led by Governor Raymond D. Gary to adopt a constitutional amendment ending the time-honored special tax for separate schools and begin the process of integration after the Supreme Court Decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
Date: Summer 2007
Creator: Lough, Keith D.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A. J. Smitherman: Pen Warrior (open access)

A. J. Smitherman: Pen Warrior

Article traces A. J. Smitherman's tumultuous career in the Oklahoma press defending African American causes.
Date: Autumn 2011
Creator: Seals Nevergold, Barbara A.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History