This research investigates the bio-products/phase change material (PCM) composites for the building envelope application. Bio-products, such as wood and herb, are porous medium, which can be applied in the building envelope for thermal insulation purpose. PCM is infiltrated into the bio-product (porous medium) to form a composite material. The PCM can absorb/release large amount of latent heat of fusion from/to the building environment during the melting/solidification process. Hence, the PCM-based composite material in the building envelope can efficiently adjust the building interior temperature by utilizing the phase change process, which improves the thermal insulation, and therefore, reduces the load on the HVAC system. Paraffin wax was considered as the PCM in the current studies. The building energy savings were investigated by comparing the composite building envelope material with the conventional material in a unique Zero-Energy (ZØE) Research Lab building at University of North Texas (UNT) through building energy simulation programs (i.e., eQUEST and EnergyPlus). The exact climatic conditions of the local area (Denton, Texas) were used as the input values in the simulations. It was found that the EnergyPlus building simulation program was more suitable for the PCM based building envelope using the latent heat property. Therefore, based on the …

It is well established that national retail chains impact small, single location retail businesses in terms of revenue generation, retail structure, retail type diversity, and location. This study examines the retail structure and diversity of five retail districts in the City of Denton, Texas. The analysis focuses on one central business district (CBD), one traditional retail strip center (University Drive, also known as US HWY 380), one special retail district (Fry Street District), one traditional enclosed shopping mall and associated development (Golden Triangle Mall), and one power retail center (Denton Crossing). The empirical foundation for the investigation is a historical business database covering years 1997 to 2010, obtained from Info Group's Reference USA. This Reference USA database includes location, industry, and status (single versus chain location) information for each business. Retail diversity and evenness were measured for each of the five retail districts using the Simpson's Diversity Index and the Simpsons Measure of Evenness, leading to specification of the differences that exist in retail structure and diversity among the districts. Golden Triangle Mall and Denton Crossing were primarily chain location in composition while Fry Street District, the CBD, and University Drive were primarily single location in composition. Across all years, …

Photograph of a commemorative flag from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It reads "A.P.O.E.L. VS. TORNADO 14.10.67" and was from the team's game in Cyprus. The flag is made with a blue fabric that catches the light and has golden metallic edges with tassels. The lettering is in a golden yellow thread. At the bottom point of the triangle flag is a large tassel made with the same golden thread as the side details.

Photographs of Bob Kap's hat from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. In the first and third photos the exterior of the hat is visible, and in the third it is on a hat stand. In the second photo the inner silk lining is visible, including the Resistol "Self-Conforming" name and logo. It has a yellow shield with red crosses and a sword in the center, and a crown on top of it. There are also two posed lions on either side of the shield. Beneath the shield is more text that reads "Rodnick PRODUCT".

Photograph of a pin from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is a depiction of the Burma flag on a shield shape. "Burma" is over a white background and there is a scarlet red section beneath it and a blue square with stars inside of it.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the game between the Dallas Tornado team and the Aungsan Selected team from the Burma Football Federation. There is a logo in the center of the triangle flag that has a football made with strips of golden cloth and a red guardian lion on top of it. At the bottom of the flag is the location and date of the game, "Rangoon Nov 1967".

Photograph of a triangle flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It belongs to the Canterbury Football Association of New Zealand. It is on a navy blue material with red, yellow, and white stitching. There is a crest on the left side that has hay bushels, a soccer ball, a plow, and horned sheep on it.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the game between the Dallas Tornado team and the China National Football Association's Union Team. The second "A" is missing from the word association. There is Chinese writing at the top of the flag and a logo in the center that reads "CNFA" over a yellow football design with the flag of the Republic of China on it. The date of the game is also at the bottom. "20 Dec. 1967". The bottom of the flag goes into two points with a higher middle and yellow fringe along the bottom.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is a pennant from the "Cordoba Club de Futbol" and has white and green stripes across it. There is a seal in the center that is inside of a smaller triangle. It is made up of a crest with five white rectangles with red lions in them and four red rectangles with yellow towers in them in the corners. A crown is on top of the crest and there is a small football beneath the crest.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the Dallas Tornado Soccer Club and is white with a blue trim and has orange tassels at the points along with an orange hanging rope. The logo is in the center and shows a soccer ball coming through an orange "D". It is spinning and is leaving the tail of a tornado behind it.

Photograph of a Dallas Tornado patch from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It features a soccer ball over an orange "D" outlines in blue embroidery. There is also a tornado tail coming from the "D" with grey and blue stitching.

Photograph of a pin from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is the Dallas Tornado Soccer Club's logo on a silver background. It shows a soccer ball spinning out of an orange "D". It left a tornado tail behind it and "TORNADO" is beneath the logo in blue.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the Delhi Football Association and is a deep maroon color with white and red fringe along the pointed base. It has a seal at the center with white bursts around the name and an Asian elephant in the center.

Photograph of a rectangle flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the F.A.S. Singapore team and is made with a white cloth with blue detailing. In the center is a design with a lion at the center and the words "F.A.S." and "Singapura" on it.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the game between the Dallas Tornado team and the Fiji Football Association's Western Districts' team. It is a black and has white fringe on the top and bottom and it is flat on one end and pointed on the other. It has the location, "Churchill Park Lautoka", and date, "4th FEB 1968", on it. The white fringe towards one end is stained.

Photograph of a triangle flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is for the Greek soccer team and the flag is made from a silver reflective cloth and has golden fringe along the two sides. There is white embroidered Greek on it that reads "ΑΠΟΛΛ-Ν ΚΥΠΡΟΣ" and the year "1967".

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the IIAF, who played the Dallas Tornado team in soccer during the World Tour. It has Arabic writing at the top and is made with a shiny white material that has a fringe on the sides. It is also in the shape of a downward facing triangle.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the Madras Football Association, which is based in India. The flag is made of white cloth and has yellow fringe around the edges and yellow and black embroidery. There is a logo stitched at the top of the flag and the date and "MADRAS" is stitched below it. The logo shows what appears to be a pavilion-like structure, with an ascending tower in the center, and the MFA name on a ribbon beneath it.

Photographs of a badge received in Japan from the Bob Kap Collection, held by UNT Special Collections. In the first photo the front of the badge is visible. It has the US and Japanese flags at the top and two figures playing soccer beneath them. In the second photo the back of the badge is visible. At the top is Japanese writing followed by English that reads "Soccer Friendly Match, 1967.12.26, Nagai Stadium". It is a silver color with aging areas around the edges.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the Mitsubishi Football Club, which is based in Japan. The flag is made of black cloth and has a gold detailed border around the edges and gold, yellow, and red embroidery for the date and logo. The logo has the red Mitsubishi diamonds in the center and the name around it. There are also laurels stitched beneath it and the year.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the game between the Dallas Tornado team and the Mysore State Football Association, which is based in Bangalore, India. The flag is made from a maroon cloth and has yellow embroidery and tassels spaced out along the edges and at the bottom point. The embroidery reads "Mysore State, F - A, Bangalore, India, 15-Nov-67".

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the game between the Dallas Tornado team and the Nishi-Nippon All Stars team. The flag is made from a red cloth material and has yellow and white lettering. There are also patches on the side of the American and Japanese flags and a soccer ball. There are also four small white and red ribbons on the side of it.

Photograph of a flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is from the game between the Dallas Tornado team and the Northern Soccer League's Newcastle team. The flag is made from a yellow cloth and has blue, green, black, and white paint detailing. There is also a fringe along the bottom of the rectangle. It has an image of a man playing soccer with animals, a pond, and factories behind him. It reads "Northern Soccer League; Commemorating the Visit of Dallas Tornado Soccer Club to Newcastle, 12 Jan. 1968".

Photograph of a triangle flag from the Bob Kap collection, held by UNT Special Collections. It is for the Pakistan soccer team and the flag is made from a green reflective cloth and has a gold and white thread border and white tassel at the bottom point. In the center "Pakistan" and "Foot ball" are embroidered above and below a white crescent moon and star.