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Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties (open access)

Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties

U.S. trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization agreements, and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been approved by majority vote of each house rather than by two-thirds vote of the Senate - that is, they have been treated as congressional-executive agreements rather than as treaties. The congressional-executive agreement has been the vehicle for implementing Congress's long-standing policy of seeking trade benefits for the United States through reciprocal trade negotiations. This report discusses this topic in brief.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Grimmett, Jeanne J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 606, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 606, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 2, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 2, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 161, No. 48, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 161, No. 48, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Rambler (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 1, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

The Rambler (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 1, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Weekly student newspaper from Texas Wesleyan University in Fort Worth, Texas that includes campus and local news along with advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Banks, Shauna
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Home and Community-Based Services Under Medicaid (open access)

Home and Community-Based Services Under Medicaid

This report looks at the history of Medicaid program as it relates to state flexibility in offering HCBS.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Stone, Julie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optimization of the safety factor profile for high noninductive current fraction discharges in DIII-D (open access)

Optimization of the safety factor profile for high noninductive current fraction discharges in DIII-D

None
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Ferron, J.; Holcomb, C.; Luce, T.; Politzer, P.; Turco, F.; White, A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
PEROXOTITANATE- AND MONOSODIUM METAL-TITANATE COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF BACTERIAL GROWTH (open access)

PEROXOTITANATE- AND MONOSODIUM METAL-TITANATE COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

Sodium titanates are ion-exchange materials that effectively bind a variety of metal ions over a wide pH range. Sodium titanates alone have no known adverse biological effects but metal-exchanged titanates (or metal titanates) can deliver metal ions to mammalian cells to alter cell processes in vitro. In this work, we test a hypothesis that metal-titanate compounds inhibit bacterial growth; demonstration of this principle is one prerequisite to developing metal-based, titanate-delivered antibacterial agents. Focusing initially on oral diseases, we exposed five species of oral bacteria to titanates for 24 h, with or without loading of Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Pt(IV), and measuring bacterial growth in planktonic assays through increases in optical density. In each experiment, bacterial growth was compared with control cultures of titanates or bacteria alone. We observed no suppression of bacterial growth by the sodium titanates alone, but significant (p < 0.05, two-sided t-tests) suppression was observed with metal-titanate compounds, particularly Au(III)-titanates, but with other metal titanates as well. Growth inhibition ranged from 15 to 100% depending on the metal ion and bacterial species involved. Furthermore, in specific cases, the titanates inhibited bacterial growth 5- to 375-fold versus metal ions alone, suggesting that titanates enhanced metal-bacteria interactions. This work …
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Hobbs, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Colloid Facilitated Transport of Plutonium at the Nevada Test Site, NV USA (open access)

Colloid Facilitated Transport of Plutonium at the Nevada Test Site, NV USA

None
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Kersting, A. & Zavarin, M.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Note on numerical study of the beam energy spread in NDCX-I (open access)

Note on numerical study of the beam energy spread in NDCX-I

The kinetic energy spread (defined here as the standard deviation of the beam particle energies) sets the ultimate theoretical limit on the longitudinal compression that can be attained on NDCX-I and NDCX-II. Experimental measurements will inevitably include the real influences on the longitudinal phase space of the beam due to injector and accelerator field imperfections1. These induced energy variations may be the real limit to the longitudinal compression in an accelerator. We report on a numerical investigation of the energy spread evolution in NDCX-I; these studies do not include all the real imperfections, but rather are intended to confirm that there are no other intrinsic mechanisms (translaminar effects, transverse-longitudinal anisotropy instability, etc.) for significant broadening of the energy distribution. We have performed Warp simulations that use a realistic Marx voltage waveform which was derived from experimental measurements (averaged over several shots), a fully-featured model of the accelerating and focusing lattice, and new diagnostics for computing the local energy spread (and temperature) that properly account for linear correlations that arise from the discrete binning along each physical dimension (these capabilities reproduce and extend those of the earlier HIF code BPIC). The new diagnostics allow for the calculation of multi-dimensional maps of …
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Vay, J. L.; Seidl, P. A. & Friedman, A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gold Cluster Diffusion Kinetics on Stoichiometric and Reduced Surfaces of Rutile TiO2 (110) (open access)

Gold Cluster Diffusion Kinetics on Stoichiometric and Reduced Surfaces of Rutile TiO2 (110)

None
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Goldman, N & Browning, N D
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Greensheet (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 288, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

The Greensheet (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 288, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
SUMMARY OF 2010 DOE EM INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM STUDIES OF WASTE GLASS MELT RATE ENHANCEMENT (open access)

SUMMARY OF 2010 DOE EM INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM STUDIES OF WASTE GLASS MELT RATE ENHANCEMENT

A collaborative study has been established under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Environmental Management International Program between the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and the V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI) in St. Petersburg, Russia, to investigate potential improvements in melt rate via chemical additions to the glass frit. Researchers at KRI suggested a methodology for selecting frit additives based on empirical coefficients for optimization of glass melting available in the Russian literature. Using these coefficients, KRI identified B{sub 2}O{sub 3}, CuO, and MnO as frit additives that were likely to improve melt rate without having adverse effects on crystallization of the glass or its chemical durability. The results of the melt rate testing in the SMK melter showed that the slurry feed rate (used as a gauge of melt rate) could be significantly increased when MnO or CuO were added to Frit 550 with the SMR-2 sludge. The feed rates increased by about 27% when MnO was added to the frit and by about 26% when CuO was added to the frit, as compared to earlier results for Frit 550 alone. The impact of adding additional B{sub 2}O{sub 3} to the frit was minor when added …
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Fox, K. & Marra, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Phillips, Dennis
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 057, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 057, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Pressure Drop, Heat Transfer, Critical Heat Flux, and Flow Stability of Two-Phase Flow Boiling of Water and Ethylene Glycol/Water Mixtures - Final Report for Project "Efficent Cooling in Engines With Nucleate Boiling." (open access)

Pressure Drop, Heat Transfer, Critical Heat Flux, and Flow Stability of Two-Phase Flow Boiling of Water and Ethylene Glycol/Water Mixtures - Final Report for Project "Efficent Cooling in Engines With Nucleate Boiling."

Because of its order-of-magnitude higher heat transfer rates, there is interest in using controllable two-phase nucleate boiling instead of conventional single-phase forced convection in vehicular cooling systems to remove ever increasing heat loads and to eliminate potential hot spots in engines. However, the fundamental understanding of flow boiling mechanisms of a 50/50 ethylene glycol/water mixture under engineering application conditions is still limited. In addition, it is impractical to precisely maintain the volume concentration ratio of the ethylene glycol/water mixture coolant at 50/50. Therefore, any investigation into engine coolant characteristics should include a range of volume concentration ratios around the nominal 50/50 mark. In this study, the forced convective boiling heat transfer of distilled water and ethylene glycol/water mixtures with volume concentration ratios of 40/60, 50/50, and 60/40 in a 2.98-mm-inner-diameter circular tube has been investigated in both the horizontal flow and the vertical flow. The two-phase pressure drop, the forced convective boiling heat transfer coefficient, and the critical heat flux of the test fluids were determined experimentally over a range of the mass flux, the vapor mass quality, and the inlet subcooling through a new boiling data reduction procedure that allowed the analytical calculation of the fluid boiling temperatures along …
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Yu, W.; France, D. M. & Routbort, J. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financial Innovation Among the Community Wind Sector in the United States (open access)

Financial Innovation Among the Community Wind Sector in the United States

In the relatively brief history of utility-scale wind generation, the 'community wind' sector - defined here as consisting of relatively small utility-scale wind power projects that are at least partly owned by one or more members of the local community - has played a vitally important role as a 'test bed' or 'proving ground' for wind turbine manufacturers. In the 1980s and 1990s, for example, Vestas and other now-established European wind turbine manufacturers relied heavily on community wind projects in Scandinavia and Germany to install - and essentially field-test - new turbine designs. The fact that orders from community wind projects seldom exceeded more than a few turbines at a time enabled the manufacturers to correct any design flaws or manufacturing defects fairly rapidly, and without the risk of extensive (and expensive) serial defects that can accompany larger orders. Community wind has been slower to take root in the United States - the first such projects were installed in the state of Minnesota around the year 2000. Just as in Europe, however, the community wind sector in the U.S. has similarly served as a proving ground - but in this case for up-and-coming wind turbine manufacturers that are trying to …
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Bolinger, Mark
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reaction Between Thin Gold Wires and Pb-Sn-In Solder (37.5%, 37.5%, 25%), Part A: The Radial Reaction Inside The Solder Mounds, Its Linear Reaction Model, Statistical Variation of Reaction Rate, and Induced Structural Changes In The Solder Mounds. (open access)

Reaction Between Thin Gold Wires and Pb-Sn-In Solder (37.5%, 37.5%, 25%), Part A: The Radial Reaction Inside The Solder Mounds, Its Linear Reaction Model, Statistical Variation of Reaction Rate, and Induced Structural Changes In The Solder Mounds.

Thermodynamics favors the reaction between indium and gold, since the heat of formation of AuIn{sub 2} is 6 kcal/mole, substantially larger than the heat of formation of any other possible reaction product. Thermodynamic equilibrium between gold and the elements in the solder mound is reached only when ALL gold is converted to AuIn{sub 2}. There are two aspects to this conversion: (A) the reaction WITHIN the solder mound (called here 'radial reaction') and (B) the reaction OUTSIDE the solder mound (called here 'axial reaction') and the transition from (A) to (B). The reaction between thin gold detonator wires and the In/Pb/Sn solder mound in older detonators has been looked at repeatedly. There are, in addition, two studies which look at the reaction between indium and gold in planar geometry. All data are shown in tables I to V. It is the objective of this section dealing with aspect (A), to combine all of these results into a reaction model and to use this reaction model to reliably and conservatively predict the gold-solder reaction rate of soldered gold bridge-wires as a function of storage temperature and time.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Siekhaus, W J
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Oral History Interview with Robert Hilburn, January 19, 2011 transcript

Oral History Interview with Robert Hilburn, January 19, 2011

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Robert Hilburn. Hilburn joined the Marine Corps after he graduated from journalism school. He describes his time in boot camp at Paris Island. Hilburn received some assistance from a congressman who recommended he be placed in a correspondent role. He was sent to headquarters in Washington D.C. where he began writing stories about marines who had been awarded medals for home town newspapers. Hilburn was then sent to the 2nd Marine Division to become a Combat Correspondent. He describes some of his fellow correspondents and the equipment that they used. Hilburn landed on Okinawa towards the end of the battle and describes being with General Buckner when he was killed. He also traveled to Nagasaki after the surrender. Hilburn left the service after the war, but continued his career as a journalist. He was in a press vehicle that was part of the motorcade when John F. Kennedy was assassinated. Hilburn describes the events and aftermath.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Hilburn, Robert
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Center for Leadership & Service poster]

Photograph of a Center for Leadership & Service poster, held by UNT Special Collections. The image shows a big poster with three panels, the words "Center for" at the top of the middle in green letters. The words "Leadership" is in the same green letters in the middle of the left panel. The word "Service" is on the opposite side in the middle of the right. There is also information and photos over the poster.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Guidelines for Joining the Registry]

Photograph of Guidelines for Joining the Registry, held by UNT Special Collections. The image shows a paper titled "Guidelines for Joining the Registry" in blue letters inside a green box. Under that is a photo of people, with a section of text on the left. The bottom of the page says "Be the Match."
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Random Acts of Kindness poster]

Photograph of a Random Acts of Kindness poster, held by UNT Special Collections. The image shows a white sheet of paper written on with marker. The words on it are "Random Acts of Kindness" and "Surprise a Stranger!"
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Thanks to our Armed Forces sign]

Photograph of a Thanks to our Armed Forces sign, held by UNT Special Collections. The image shows a white sign hanging over a table. It is written on with marker and says "Write a Note of Thanks to our Armed Forces."
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Clay cups at table]

Photograph of clay cups at a table, held by UNT Special Collections. The image shows a table where plain cups made of clay stand on it.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library