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547 Matching Results
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Characterization of chemical bonding in low-k dielectric materialsfor interconnect isolation: a xas and eels study
The use of low dielectric constant materials in the on-chipinterconnect process reduces interconnect delay, power dissipation andcrosstalk noise. To achieve the requirements of the ITRS for 2007-2009minimal sidewall damage from etch, ash or cleans is required. In chemicalvapor deposited (CVD) organo-silicate glass (OSG) which are used asintermetal dielectric (IMD) materials the substitution of oxygen in SiO2by methyl groups (-CH3) reduces the permittivity significantly (from 4.0in SiO2 to 2.6-3.3 in the OSG), since the electronic polarizability islower for Si-C bonds than for Si-O bonds. However, plasma processing forresist stripping, trench etching and post-etch cleaning removes C and Hcontaining molecular groups from the near-surface layer of OSG.Therefore, compositional analysis and chemical bonding characterizationof structured IMD films with nanometer resolution is necessary forprocess optimization. OSG thin films as-deposited and after plasmatreatment are studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) andelectron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). In both techniques, the finestructure near the C1s absorption or energy loss edge, respectively,allows to identify C-H, C-C, and C-O bonds. This gives the opportunity todifferentiate between individual low-k materials and their modifications.The O1s signal is less selective to individual bonds. XAS spectra havebeen recorded for non-patterned films and EELS spectra for patternedstructures. The chemical bonding is compared for as-deposited …
Date:
April 10, 2006
Creator:
Hoffmann, P.; Schmeisser, D.; Engelmann, H. J.; Zschech, E.; Stegmann, H.; Himpsel, F. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Charge Identification of Highly Ionizing Particles in Desensitized Nuclear Emulsion Using High Speed Read-Out System
We performed an experimental study of charge identification of heavy ions from helium to carbon having energy of about 290 MeV/u using an emulsion chamber. Emulsion was desensitized by means of forced fading (refreshing) to expand a dynamic range of response to highly charged particles. For the track reconstruction and charge identification, the fully automated high speed emulsion read-out system, which was originally developed for identifying minimum ionizing particles, was used without any modification. Clear track by track charge identification up to Z=6 was demonstrated. The refreshing technique has proved to be a powerful technique to expand response of emulsion film to highly ionizing particles.
Date:
May 10, 2006
Creator:
Toshito, T.; Kodama, K.; Yusa, K.; Ozaki, M.; Amako, K.; Kameoka, S. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Evolution in Sersic 159-03 Observed with Xmm-Newton
Using a new long X-ray observation of the cluster of galaxies Sersic 159-03 with XMM-Newton, we derive radial temperature and abundance profiles using single- and multi-temperature models. The fits to the EPIC and RGS spectra prefer multi-temperature models especially in the core. The radial profiles of oxygen and iron measured with EPIC/RGS and the line profiles in RGS suggest that there is a dip in the O/Fe ratio in the centre of the cluster compared to its immediate surroundings. A possible explanation for the large scale metallicity distribution is that SNIa and SNII products are released in the ICM through ram-pressure stripping of in-falling galaxies. This causes a peaked metallicity distribution. In addition, SNIa in the central cD galaxy enrich mainly the centre of the cluster with iron. This excess of SNIa products is consistent with the low O/Fe ratio we detect in the centre of the cluster. We fit the abundances we obtain with yields from SNIa, SNII and Population-III stars to derive the clusters chemical evolution. We find that the measured abundance pattern does not require a Population-III star contribution. The relative contribution of the number of SNIa with respect to the total number of SNe which enrich …
Date:
March 10, 2006
Creator:
de Plaa, Jelle; Werner, N.; Bykov, A.M.; Kaastra, J.S.; Mendez, M.; Vink, J. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical imaging of biological materials by NanoSIMS using isotopic and elemental labels
The NanoSIMS 50 combines unprecedented spatial resolution (as good as 50 nm) with ultra-high sensitivity (minimum detection limit of {approx}200 atoms). The NanoSIMS 50 incorporates an array of detectors, enabling simultaneous collection of 5 species originating from the same sputtered volume of a sample. The primary ion beam (Cs{sup +} or O{sup -}) can be scanned across the sample to produce quantitative secondary ion images. This capability for multiple isotope imaging with high spatial resolution provides a novel new approach to the study of biological materials. Studies can be made of sub-regions of tissues, mammalian cells, and bacteria. Major, minor and trace element distributions can be mapped on a submicron scale, growth and metabolism can be tracked using stable isotope labels, and biogenic origin can be determined based on composition. We have applied this technique extensively to mammalian and prokaryotic cells and bacterial spores. The NanoSIMS technology enables the researcher to interrogate the fate of molecules of interest within cells and organs through elemental and isotopic labeling. Biological applications at LLNL will be discussed.
Date:
April 10, 2006
Creator:
Weber, P K; Fallon, S J; Pett-Ridge, J; Ghosal, S & Hutcheon, I D
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Combustion of Automotive Fuels
The objectives of this report are to: (1) Develop detailed chemical kinetic reaction models for components of fuels, including olefins and cycloalkanes used in diesel, spark-ignition and HCCI engines; (2) Develop surrogate mixtures of hydrocarbon components to represent real fuels and lead to efficient reduced combustion models; and (3) Characterize the role of fuel composition on production of emissions from practical automotive engines.
Date:
November 10, 2006
Creator:
Pitz, W J; Westbrook, C K & Silke, E J
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 157, No. 12, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 10, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
May 10, 2006
Creator:
Whitehead, Marie
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities - Background and Issues for Congress
This report focuses on the implications that certain elements of China’s military modernization may have for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress addressed in this report is: How should China’s military modernization be factored into decisions about U.S. Navy programs? Congress’s decisions on this issue could significantly affect future U.S. Navy capabilities, U.S. Navy funding requirements, and the U.S. defense industrial base, including the shipbuilding industry.
Date:
January 10, 2006
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chit-Chat Between Two Writers: An African American and Caribbean Dialogue
Video footage from The Black Academy of Arts and Letters recorded during a moderated discussion between authors Haki R. Madhubuti and Michael Thelwell on June 10, 2006, at the Clarence Muse Cafe Theatre. The discussions center on the contrast in the experience of living in America versus the Caribbean (African diaspora) and how that plays out emotionally and artistically in their writing. Thelwell is the man on the left with the beard and glasses and Madhubuti is on the right.
Date:
June 10, 2006
Creator:
Madhubuti, Haki R.; Thelwell, Michael; Batiste, John Paul & King, Curtis
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Chit-Chat Between Two Writers: An African-American and Caribbean Dialogue]
Video recording from The Black Academy of Arts and Letters recorded during their Chit-Chat Between Two Writers: An African American and Caribbean Dialogue event in 2006. This video features a moderated discussion between authors Haki R. Madhubuti and Michael Thelwell centered on the contrast in the experience of living in America versus the Caribbean (African diaspora) and how that plays out emotionally and artistically in their writing.
Date:
June 10, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Chit-Chat Between Two Writers: An African American and Caribbean Dialogue]
Video recording from The Black Academy of Arts and Letters recorded during their Chit-Chat Between Two Writers: An African American and Caribbean Dialogue event in 2006. This video features a moderated discussion between authors Haki R. Madhubuti and Michael Thelwell centered on the contrast in the experience of living in America versus the Caribbean (African diaspora) and how that plays out emotionally and artistically in their writing.
Date:
June 10, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Christmas and Kwanzaa Volunteer Soiree]
Video recording from The Black Academy of Arts and Letters recorded during their Christmas and Kwanzaa Volunteer Soiree event in 2006. This video features a celebration to shows appreciation to TBAAL volunteer, members, and sponsors in friendship and entertainment in the spirit of Christmas and Kwanzaa.
Date:
December 10, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System Requirements Document
The CRD addresses the requirements of Department of Energy (DOE) Order 413.3-Change 1, ''Program and Project Management for the Acquisition of Capital Assets'', by providing the Secretarial Acquisition Executive (Level 0) scope baseline and the Program-level (Level 1) technical baseline. The Secretarial Acquisition Executive approves the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management's (OCRWM) critical decisions and changes against the Level 0 baseline; and in turn, the OCRWM Director approves all changes against the Level 1 baseline. This baseline establishes the top-level technical scope of the CRMWS and its three system elements, as described in section 1.3.2. The organizations responsible for design, development, and operation of system elements described in this document must therefore prepare subordinate project-level documents that are consistent with the CRD. Changes to requirements will be managed in accordance with established change and configuration control procedures. The CRD establishes requirements for the design, development, and operation of the CRWMS. It specifically addresses the top-level governing laws and regulations (e.g., ''Nuclear Waste Policy Act'' (NWPA), 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 63, 10 CFR Part 71, etc.) along with specific policy, performance requirements, interface requirements, and system architecture. The CRD shall be used as a vehicle to incorporate …
Date:
May 10, 2006
Creator:
Kouts, C.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Act Issues in the 109th Congress
The courts and the executive branch face major decisions on clean air issues in 2006, with Congress more likely playing an oversight role. One focus is EPA's Jan. 17 2006 proposal to strengthen air quality standards for fine particles, which are estimated to cause tens of thousands of premature deaths annually. Whether the proposal is supported by the available science and what impact its implementation would have have likely issues of concern. Other issues of continuing interest are EPA's 2005 decisions limiting interstate transport of air pollution and establishing cap-and-trade systems for emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the agency's proposed changes to New Source Review.
Date:
February 10, 2006
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cleanup Verification Package for the 618-8 Burial Ground
This cleanup verification package documents completion of remedial action for the 618-8 Burial Ground, also referred to as the Solid Waste Burial Ground No. 8, 318-8, and the Early Solid Waste Burial Ground. During its period of operation, the 618-8 site is speculated to have been used to bury uranium-contaminated waste derived from fuel manufacturing, and construction debris from the remodeling of the 313 Building.
Date:
August 10, 2006
Creator:
Appel, M. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 6, Ed. 1 Friday, February 10, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 10, 2006
Creator:
Smith, W. Leon
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, March 10, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
March 10, 2006
Creator:
Smith, W. Leon
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
A coarse-grained model for PETN crystals
Using the energetic material Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) as a specific example of molecular crystal, we describe the development of a simple coarse-graining procedure by grouping several atoms or whole functional groups into single charge-neutral beads. As compared to fully atomistic calculations the coarse-grained model speeds up simulations by more than two orders of magnitude. Yet, by adjusting only two parameters in the coarse-grained interaction, the model accurately predicts the lattice constants, sublimation energy, pressure-volume curve up to P=10 GPa, and energetically the most stable facets. Computed surface and desorption energies, bulk modulus, and equilibrium morphology are reported as well.
Date:
February 10, 2006
Creator:
Gee, R.; Wu, C. & Maiti, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Cold Mass Support System and the Helium Cooling System for the MICE Focusing Solenoid
The heart of the absorber focus coil (AFC) module for the muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is the two-coil superconducting solenoid that surrounds the muon absorber. The superconducting magnet focuses the muons that are cooled using ionization cooling, in order to improve the efficiency of cooling. The coils of the magnet may either be run in the solenoid mode (both coils operate at the same polarity) or the gradient (the coils operate at opposite polarity). The AFC magnet cold mass support system is designed to carry a longitudinal force up to 700 kN. The AFC module will be cooled using three pulse tube coolers that produce 1.5 W of cooling at 4.2 K. One of the coolers will be used to cool the liquid (hydrogen or helium) absorber used for ionization cooling. The other two coolers will cool the superconducting solenoid. This report will describe the MICE AFC magnet. The cold mass supports will be discussed. The reasons for using a pulsed tube cooler to cool this superconducting magnet will also be discussed.
Date:
August 10, 2006
Creator:
Yang, Stephanie Q.; Green, Michael A.; Lau, Wing W.; Senanayake,Rohan S. & Witte, Holger
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Collegian (Hurst, Tex.), Vol. 18, Ed. 1 Saturday, June 10, 2006
Weekly student newspaper published in Hurst, Texas serving the Tarrant County College District that includes school news and information along with advertising.
Date:
June 10, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Collider Phenomenology of Extra Dimensions
In recent years there has been much interest in the possibility that there exist more spacetime dimensions than the usual four. Models of particle physics beyond the Standard Model that incorporate these extra dimensions can solve the gauge hierarchy problem and explain why the fermion masses a spread over many orders of magnitude. In this thesis we explore several possibilities for models with extra dimensions. First we examine constraints on the proposal of Arkani-Hamed and Schmaltz that the Standard Model fermions are localized to different positions in an extra dimension, thereby generating the hierarchy in fermion masses. We find strong constraints on the compactification scale of such models arising from flavor-changing neutral currents. Next we investigate the phenomenology of the Randall-Sundrum model, where the hierarchy between the electroweak and Planck scales is generated by the warping in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. In particular, we investigate the ''Higgsless'' model of electroweak symmetry breaking due to Csaki et. al., where the Higgs has been decoupled from the spectrum by taking its vacuum expectation value to infinity. We find that this model produces many distinctive features at the LHC. However, we also find that it is strongly constrained by precision electroweak observables …
Date:
March 10, 2006
Creator:
Lillie, Benjamin Huntington
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Collimated Jet Or Expanding Outflow: Possible Origins of GRBs And X-Ray Flashes
We investigate the dynamics of an injected outflow propagating in a progenitor in the context of the collapsar model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) through two dimensional axisymmetric relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. Initially, we locally inject an outflow near the center of a progenitor. We calculate 25 models, in total, by fixing its total input energy to be 10{sup 51} ergs s{sup -1} and radius of the injected outflow to be 7 x 10{sup 7} cm while varying its bulk Lorentz factor, {Lambda}{sub 0} = 1.05 {approx} 5, and its specific internal energy, {epsilon}{sub 0}/c{sup 2} 30 (with c being speed of light). The injected outflow propagates in the progenitor and drives a large-scale outflow or jet. We find a smooth but dramatic transition from a collimated jet to an expanding outflow among calculated models. The opening angle of the outflow ({theta}{sub sim}) is sensitive to {Lambda}{sub 0}; we find {theta}{sub sim} < 2{sup o} for {Lambda}{sub 0} {approx}> 3. The maximum Lorentz factor is, on the other hand, sensitive to both of {Lambda}{sub 0} and {epsilon}{sub 0}; roughly {Lambda}{sub max} {approx} {Lambda}{sub 0}(1 + {epsilon}{sub 0}/c{sup 2}). In particular, a very high Lorentz factor of {Lambda}{sub max} {approx}> 100 is achieved …
Date:
August 10, 2006
Creator:
Mizuta, Akira; /Kyoto U., Yukawa Inst., Kyoto /Garching, Max Planck Inst.; Yamasaki, Tatsuya; /Kyoto U., Yukawa Inst., Kyoto; Nagataki, Shigehiro; /Kyoto U., Yukawa Inst., Kyoto /KIPAC, Menlo Park et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 25, No. 14, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 10, 2006
Weekly newspaper from The Colony, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 10, 2006
Creator:
Crimmins, Blaine
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Comanche Chief (Comanche, Tex.), No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 10, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Comanche, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
August 10, 2006
Creator:
Wilkerson, James C., III
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Comparative simulation study of coupled THM processes nearback-filled and open-drift nuclear waste repositories in Task D of theInternational DECOVALEX Project
As part of the ongoing international DECOVALEX project, fourresearch teams used five different models to simulate coupled thermal,hydrological, and mechanical (THM) processes near underground wasteemplacement drifts. The simulations were conducted for two genericrepository types, one with open and the other with back-filled repositorydrifts, under higher and lower post-closure temperature, respectively. Inthe completed first model inception phase of the project, a goodagreement was achieved between the research teams in calculating THMresponses for both repository types, although some disagreement inhydrological responses are currently being resolved. Good agreement inthe basic thermal-mechanical responses was also achieved for bothrepository types, even though some teams used relatively simplifiedthermal-elastic heat-conduction models that neglect complex near-fieldthermal-hydrological processes. The good agreement between the complexand simplified process models indicates that the basic thermal-mechanicalresponses can be predicted with a relatively high confidencelevel.
Date:
May 10, 2006
Creator:
Rutqvist, J.; Birkholzer, J.T.; Chijimatsu, M.; Kolditz, O.; Liu,Quan-Sheng; Oda, Y. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library