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Kosovo and U.S. Policy (open access)

Kosovo and U.S. Policy

In 1998 and 1999, the United States and its NATO allies attempted to put an end to escalating violence between ethnic Albanian guerrillas and Yugoslav/Serb forces in Yugoslavia’s Kosovo province. These efforts culminated in a 78-day NATO bombing campaign (Operation Allied Force) against Serbia from March until June 1999, when then-Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic agreed to withdraw his forces from the province. Since then, Kosovo has been governed by a combination of the U.N. and local Kosovar governing structures. The U.N. Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), under the terms of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244, retains ultimate political authority in the province. A NATO-led peacekeeping force, KFOR, is charged with providing a secure environment. In May 2001, UNMIK issued a “Constitutional Framework” for Kosovo that provided for an elected provisional legislature and government with limited powers but did not address Kosovo’s final status.
Date: January 9, 2006
Creator: Woehrel, Steven & Kim, Julie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Spending by Agency and Budget Function, FY2001-FY2005 (open access)

Federal Spending by Agency and Budget Function, FY2001-FY2005

This report provides federal spending data by agency and by budget function for fiscal year 2001 through fiscal year 2005. The data, ranked by size, reveal the concentrated nature of federal spending. The largest four agencies (of 51 listed) produce 83% of total outlays and the six largest (of 19) budget functions produce 86% of total outlays. Most of the spending by the largest agencies and within the largest budget functions is either mandatory spending (such as Social Security, Medicaid, and income support, among others), defense spending, or net interest spending on federal debt.
Date: January 9, 2006
Creator: Winters, Philip D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy (open access)

Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy

The future status of Kosovo is perhaps the most sensitive and potentially destabilizing political question in the Balkans. The Administration views “getting Kosovo right” as key to integrating the Balkans into Euro-Atlantic institutions. This report discusses the issue of Kosovo’s future status; that is, whether it should become an independent country, or have some form of autonomy within Serbia. Talks on Kosovo’s status could begin in January 2006 and is expected to be concluded by the end of the year. The second session of the 109th Congress may consider legislation on Kosovo’s status. This report will be updated as events warrant. For more on the current the situation in Kosovo, see CRS Report RL31053, Kosovo and U.S. Policy, by Steven J. Woehrel and Julie Kim.
Date: January 9, 2006
Creator: Woehrel, Steven
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Employees: Pay and Pension Increases Since 1969 (open access)

Federal Employees: Pay and Pension Increases Since 1969

Pay increases for current federal employees and cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) for retired federal employees often differ because they are based on changes in different economic variables. Increases in pay for civilian federal workers are indexed to wage and salary increases in the private-sector, as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI), while federal retirement and disability benefits are indexed to price increases as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). This report discusses the procedures for determining such increases.
Date: February 9, 2006
Creator: Purcell, Patrick J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance

Operation Iraqi Freedom succeeded in overthrowing Saddam Hussein, but Iraq remains violent and unstable because of Sunni Arab resentment and a related insurgency, as well as increasing sectarian violence. According to its November 30, 2005, “Strategy for Victory,” the Bush Administration indicates that U.S. forces will remain in Iraq until the country is able to provide for its own security and does not serve as a host for radical Islamic terrorists. This report discusses the background of the issue and examines several security challenges, response, and other policy options for the U.S.
Date: February 9, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress (open access)

Intelligence Issues for Congress

This report discusses legislative initiatives to address the challenges facing the U.S. Intelligence Community in the 21st century.
Date: May 9, 2006
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response (open access)

International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response

This report examines international terrorist actions, threats, U.S. policies and responses. It reviews the nation’s use of tools at its disposal to combat terrorism, from diplomacy, international cooperation, and constructive engagement to physical security enhancement, economic sanctions, covert action, and military force.
Date: August 9, 2006
Creator: Perl, Raphael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Man and woman paying cashier]

Photograph of a cashier at a store receiving cash payment from an unidentified man and woman. There is a visible isle in the photo withe the text "FRESH TORTILLAS".
Date: August 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Robert Earley at a podium with a microphone]

A man wearing a name badge saying "Robert Earley" speaks at a podium with a microphone.
Date: March 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Eddy Herrera speaks from a podium with a microphone]

Eddy Herrera stands at a podium, addressing an audience. Behind him on the wall is the League of Women Voters sign on the wall.
Date: March 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Large Crowd Gathers in Downtown Dallas for Immigration Protest]

A large crowd of protesters (some holding signs and many holding American flags) gather in downtown Dallas, Texas. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Immigration Protesters, Signs, and American Flags]

A group of immigration protesters holds up protest signs and waves American flags in downtown Dallas. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Large Crowd of Immigration Protesters Holding Signs and Waving American Flags]

A large crowd of immigration protesters holds protest signs that are in English and Spanish and wave American flags. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Immigration Protesters Hold American Flags and Signs]

Photo of men and women immigration protesters hold American flags and signs. One woman holds a Mexican flag. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Immigration Protesters Hold Signs and American Flags]

Photo of men and women immigration protesters hold American flags and signs. One woman holds a Mexican flag. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Immigration Protesters Gather Under Banner]

Photograph of a large group of protesters holding American flags gather under a banner that reads, "MEGAMARCH Starts Here / Comienza Aqui." According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Immigration Protesters With American Flags and Signs]

A large crowd of immigration protesters wave American flags and hold protest signs in the April protest in Dallas. One prominent sign reads, "Respect for the 11 to 12 million undocumented immigrants who contribute to America everyday." According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Large Group of Immigration Protesters Carry Signs and American Flags]

A large group of immigration protesters carry signs and American flags in downtown Dallas. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Vendors and onlookers watch immigration protesters march]

Immigration protesters waving signs and American flags march past vendors and onlookers. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Protesters wave signs and American flags]

A large group of immigration protesters wave signs and American flags in Dallas. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Crowd of Immigration Protesters Wave Signs and American Flags, April 9, 2006]

A large crowd of immigrations protesters wave signs and American flags. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Protesters march with signs and American flags]

Immigration protesters waving signs (in English and Spanish) and American flags march past vendors and onlookers. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Immigration Protesters Carry Flags and Signs]

Immigration protesters carry signs and flags (mainly American flags, but one Mexican flag is seen). According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Chanting protesters with signs and American flags]

A large group of immigration protesters chant, hold protest signs in English and Spanish, and wave American flags. According to the Dallas Police Department, at least 100,000 people marched in the most well-attended civil movement in the history of Dallas. The protesters demanded the legalization of Hispanic undocumented immigrants, estimated to be about twelve million in the United States. The so-called "mega march" was carried out to demand immigrant amnesty as members of the U.S. Congress debated immigration reform.
Date: April 9, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library