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Russia (open access)

Russia

Vladimir Putin won reelection as Russian President in March 2004, in an exercise in “managed democracy” in which he took 71% of the vote and faced no serious competition. The pro-Putin Unified Russia party similarly swept the parliamentary election in December 2003 and controls more than two-thirds of the seats in the Duma. Also in March, Putin replaced long-serving Premier Kasyanov with a little-known bureaucrat, Mikhail Fradkov, indicating Putin’s intent to take the reins of the government even more completely into his own hands.
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Goldman, Stuart D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Digital Television: An Overview (open access)

Digital Television: An Overview

Digital television (DTV) is a new television service representing the most significant development in television technology since the advent of color television in the 1950s. DTV can provide sharper pictures, a wider screen, CD-quality sound, better color rendition, and other new services currently being developed. A successful deployment of DTV requires: the development by content providers of compelling digital programming; the delivery of digital signals to consumers by broadcast television stations, as well as cable and satellite television systems; and the widespread purchase and adoption by consumers of digital television equipment. A key issue in the Congressional debate over the digital transition has been addressing the millions of American over-the-air households whose existing analog televisions will require converter boxes in order to receive digital signals when the analog signal is turned off.
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Kruger, Lennard G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Environmental Opinions of Judge Samuel Alito (open access)

The Environmental Opinions of Judge Samuel Alito

This report is based on a review of all the reported environmental decisions of the Third Circuit in which Judge Alito was on the three-judge panel that initially decided the case, or in the en banc group of judges that heard the case on review of the panel decision. It does not confine itself, as did the recently reported Washington Post study, to Third Circuit opinions in which there was a dissent.2 We construe “environmental” broadly to include insurance coverage, Fourth Amendment, and other issues arising in an environmental context — and included 34 decisions in our review.
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Meltz, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Venue: A Brief Look at Federal Law Governing Where a Federal Crime May Be Tried (open access)

Venue: A Brief Look at Federal Law Governing Where a Federal Crime May Be Tried

None
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Doyle, Charles
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress (open access)

United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress

None
Date: March 6, 2006
Creator: Browne, Marjorie Ann
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations (open access)

Pakistan-U.S. Relations

None
Date: March 6, 2006
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Army's Modular Redesign: Issues for Congress (open access)

U.S. Army's Modular Redesign: Issues for Congress

None
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: Feickert, Andrew
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses (open access)

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses

Report discussing the efforts made by the Bush Administration regarding Iran and U.S. foreign policy. The report also highlights major concerns surrounding Iran's human rights practices, strict limits on democracy, and connections to Islamic extremist groups who openly oppose the U.S.-led Middle East peace process.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations (open access)

U.S.-Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

None
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J. & Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Northern Ireland: The Peace Process (open access)

Northern Ireland: The Peace Process

None
Date: March 6, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress (open access)

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress

This issue brief discusses the increasing attention being paid to alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles, the proponents of which point to their potential to improve urban air quality, decrease dependence on foreign oil, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The brief also discusses the major barriers currently preventing widespread use of such technologies, and discusses these technologies in the particular contexts of the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes and the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Yacobucci, Brent D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues (open access)

China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues

Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. China has taken some steps to mollify U.S. concerns about its role in weapons proliferation. Skeptics question whether China's cooperation in weapons nonproliferation has warranted President Bush's pursuit of stronger bilateral ties. This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990s.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs (open access)

Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs

This report discusses of guest worker programs that takes place against a backdrop of historically high levels of unauthorized migration to the United States.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Bruno, Andorra
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues (open access)

Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues

The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, known as the 9/11 Commission, recommended that Congress and the Transportation Security Administration give priority attention to screening airline passengers for explosives. The key issue for Congress is balancing the costs of mandating passenger explosives trace detection against other aviation security needs. Passenger explosives screening technologies have been under development for several years and are now being deployed in selected airports.
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: Shea, Dana A. & Morgan, Daniel
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union (open access)

Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union

Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in November 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million in the DOD budget around $1.1 billion across three agencies — DOD ($372.2 million) DOE ($682.6 million) and the State Department ($63 million).
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The United States and Europe: Current Issues (open access)

The United States and Europe: Current Issues

The United States and Europe share a long and intertwined history. Both sides of the Atlantic face a common set of international concerns, have few other comparable partners and share a deep economic relationship. Nevertheless, numerous foreign policy and trade conflicts have seriously challenged U.S.-European relations in recent years. This report examines the current state of the transatlantic relationship and key issues that may have implications for U.S. interests during the second session of the 109th Congress. It will be updated as events warrant. Also see CRS Report RL32577, The United States and Europe: Possible Options for U.S. Policy, by Kristin Archick.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Spectrum Management: Auctions (open access)

Spectrum Management: Auctions

This report discusses the radio frequency spectrum that is used for all forms of wireless communications, including cellular telephony, paging, personal communications service, radio and television broadcast, telephone radio relay, aeronautical and maritime radio navigation, and satellite command and control.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Moore, Linda K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union in 2006 and Beyond (open access)

The European Union in 2006 and Beyond

The European Union (EU) experienced significant changes in 2004 as it enlarged from 15 to 25 members and continued work on a new constitutional treaty to institute internal reforms and further EU political integration. In 2005, the EU is expected to build on these efforts and seek to implement several recent foreign policy and defense initiatives. This report describes the current status of the EU’s “constitution,” EU enlargement, the EU’s evolving foreign and defense policies, and possible implications for U.S.-EU relations.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration Enforcement within the United States (open access)

Immigration Enforcement within the United States

This report provides an analysis of immigration enforcement within the United States. The report opens with a definition of immigration enforcement, a discussion of the statutory authority to conduct immigration enforcement, and an overview of immigration enforcement related legislation since 1986. It follows with an exposition on the dichotomy of interior and border enforcement. The report then details different aspects of immigration enforcement in the United States including detention and removal, alien smuggling and trafficking, document and benefit fraud, worksite enforcement, inspections at ports of entry, and patrolling the border between ports of entry. The report continues with a discussion of the role of state and local law enforcement in the enforcement of immigration laws. The report then presents a comparative analysis of the resources devoted to divergent immigration enforcement activities. It concludes with a discussion of crosscutting immigration enforcement issues related to the structure of the Department of Homeland Security.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Siskin, Alison; Bruno, Andorra; Nuñez-Neto, Blas; Seghetti, Lisa M. & Wasem, Ruth Ellen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit: An Overview of Implementation for Dual Eligibles (open access)

Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit: An Overview of Implementation for Dual Eligibles

This report provides background information on the early stages of the implementation of the Medicare Part D outpatient prescription drug program. This report describes certain policies and implementation issues related to those who are not dually eligible.
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer & Tritz, Karen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Recruitment Provisions Under the No Child Left Behind Act: A Legal Analysis (open access)

Military Recruitment Provisions Under the No Child Left Behind Act: A Legal Analysis

Congressional Research Service (CRS) report entailing a legal analysis of military recruitment provisions under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCBLA). Topics include, access to student information, equal access to students, legal concerns, etc..
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Feder, Jody
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Role in Global War on Terrorism (GWOT): Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Role in Global War on Terrorism (GWOT): Background and Issues for Congress

None
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Price Determination in Agricultural Commodity Markets: A Primer (open access)

Price Determination in Agricultural Commodity Markets: A Primer

None
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Schnepf, Randy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library