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0.7-eV GaInAs Junction for a GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs(1-eV)/GaInAs(0.7-eV) Four-Junction Solar Cell: Preprint (open access)

0.7-eV GaInAs Junction for a GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs(1-eV)/GaInAs(0.7-eV) Four-Junction Solar Cell: Preprint

We discuss recent developments in III-V multijunction solar cells, focusing on adding a fourth junction to the Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ga0.75In0.25As inverted three-junction cell. This cell, grown inverted on GaAs so that the lattice-mismatched Ga0.75In0.25As third junction is the last one grown, has demonstrated 38% efficiency, and 40% is likely in the near future. To achieve still further gains, a lower-bandgap GaxIn1-xAs fourth junction could be added to the three-junction structure for a four-junction cell whose efficiency could exceed 45% under concentration. Here, we present the initial development of the GaxIn1-xAs fourth junction. Junctions of various bandgaps ranging from 0.88 to 0.73 eV were grown, in order to study the effect of the different amounts of lattice mismatch. At a bandgap of 0.88 eV, junctions were obtained with very encouraging {approx}80% quantum efficiency, 57% fill factor, and 0.36 eV open-circuit voltage. The device performance degrades with decreasing bandgap (i.e., increasing lattice mismatch). We model the four-junction device efficiency vs. fourth junction bandgap to show that an 0.7-eV fourth-junction bandgap, while optimal if it could be achieved in practice, is not necessary; an 0.9-eV bandgap would still permit significant gains in multijunction cell efficiency while being easier to achieve than the lower-bandgap junction.
Date: May 1, 2006
Creator: Friedman, D. J.; Geisz, J. F.; Norman, A. G.; Wanlass, M. W. & Kurtz, S. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1/6TH SCALE STRIP EFFLUENT FEED TANK-MIXING RESULTS USING MCU SOLVENT (open access)

1/6TH SCALE STRIP EFFLUENT FEED TANK-MIXING RESULTS USING MCU SOLVENT

The purpose of this task was to determine if mixing was an issue for the entrainment and dispersion of the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Unit (MCU) solvent in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Strip Effluent Feed Tank (SEFT). The MCU strip effluent stream containing the Cs removed during salt processing will be transferred to the DWPF for immobilization in HLW glass. In lab-scale DWPF chemical process cell testing, mixing of the solvent in the dilute nitric acid solution proved problematic, and the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested to perform scaled SEFT mixing tests to evaluate whether the problem was symptomatic of the lab-scale set-up or of the solvent. The solvent levels tested were 228 and 235 ppm, which represented levels near the estimated DWPF solvent limit of 239 ppm in 0.001M HNO{sub 3} solution. The 239 ppm limit was calculated by Norato in X-CLC-S-00141. The general approach for the mixing investigation was to: (1) Investigate the use of fluorescent dyes to aid in observing the mixing behavior. Evaluate and compare the physical properties of the fluorescent dyed MCU solvents to the baseline Oak Ridge CSSX solvent. Based on the data, use the dyed MCU solvent …
Date: February 1, 2006
Creator: Hansen, E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The 8 O'Clock Arc: A Serendipitous Discovery of a Strongly Lensed Lyman Break Galaxy in the SDSS DR4 Imaging Data (open access)

The 8 O'Clock Arc: A Serendipitous Discovery of a Strongly Lensed Lyman Break Galaxy in the SDSS DR4 Imaging Data

We report on the serendipitous discovery of the brightest Lyman Break Galaxy (LBG) currently known, a galaxy at z = 2.73 that is being strongly lensed by the z = 0.38 Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) SDSS J002240.91+143110.4. The arc of this gravitational lens system, which we have dubbed the ''8 o'clock arc'' due to its time of discovery, was initially identified in the imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 (SDSS DR4); followup observations on the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) 3.5m telescope at Apache Point Observatory confirmed the lensing nature of this system and led to the identification of the arc's spectrum as that of an LBG. The arc has a spectrum and a redshift remarkably similar to those of the previous record-holder for brightest LBG (MS 1512-cB58, a.k.a ''cB58''), but, with an estimated total magnitude of (g,r,i) = (20.0,19.2,19.0) and surface brightness of ({mu}{sub g}, {mu}{sub r}, {mu}{sub i}) = (23.3, 22.5, 22.3) mag arcsec{sup -2}, the 8 o'clock arc is thrice as bright. The 8 o'clock arc, which consists of three lensed images of the LBG, is 162{sup o}(9.6'') long and has a length-to-width ratio of 6:1. A fourth image of the LBG--a counter-image--can …
Date: November 1, 2006
Creator: Allam, Sahar S.; Tucker, Douglas L.; Lin, Huan; Diehl, H. Thomas; Annis, James; Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth J. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
10 kW SOFC Power System Commercialization (open access)

10 kW SOFC Power System Commercialization

Cummins Power Generation (CPG) as the prime contractor and SOFCo-EFS Holdings LLC (SOFCo), as their subcontractor, teamed under the Solid-state Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) program to develop 3-10kW solid oxide fuel cell systems for use in recreational vehicles, commercial work trucks and stand-by telecommunications applications. The program goal is demonstration of power systems that meet commercial performance requirements and can be produced in volume at a cost of $400/kW. This report summarizes the team's activities during the seventh six-month period (July-December 2005) of the four-year Phase I effort. While there has been significant progress in the development of the SOFC subsystems that can support meeting the program Phase 1 goals, the SOFCo ceramic stack technology has progressed significantly slower than plan and CPG consider it unlikely that the systemic problems encountered will be overcome in the near term. SOFCo has struggled with a series of problems associated with inconsistent manufacturing, inadequate cell performance, and the achievement of consistent, durable, low resistance inter-cell connections with reduced or no precious materials. A myriad of factors have contributed to these problems, but the fact remains that progress has not kept pace with the SECA program. A contributing factor in SOFCo's technical difficulties is …
Date: February 1, 2006
Creator: Norrick, Dan; Palmer, Brad; Vesely, Charles; Barringer, Eric; Budge, John; DeBellis, Cris et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
20 - 50 GeV muon storage rings for a neutrino factory (open access)

20 - 50 GeV muon storage rings for a neutrino factory

Muon decay rings are under study as part of an International Scoping Study (ISS) for a future Neutrino Factory. Both isosceles triangle- and racetrack-shaped rings are being considered for a 20 GeV muon energy, but with upgrade potentials of 40 or 50 GeV. Both rings are designed with long straights to optimize directional muon decay. The neutrinos from muon decay pass to one or two distant detectors; the racetrack ring has one very long production straight aligned with one detector while the triangular ring has two straights which can be aligned with two detectors. Decay ring specifications and lattice studies are the primary topic of this paper. Injection, collimation, and the RF system are covered in a second contribution to these proceedings.
Date: July 1, 2006
Creator: Rees, G. H.; Johnstone, C. & Meot, F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A 50-100 kWe gas-cooled reactor for use on Mars. (open access)

A 50-100 kWe gas-cooled reactor for use on Mars.

In the space exploration field there is a general consensus that nuclear reactor powered systems will be extremely desirable for future missions to the outer solar system. Solar systems suffer from the decreasing intensity of solar radiation and relatively low power density. Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators are limited to generating a few kilowatts electric (kWe). Chemical systems are short-lived due to prodigious fuel use. A well designed 50-100 kWe nuclear reactor power system would provide sufficient power for a variety of long term missions. This thesis will present basic work done on a 50-100 kWe reactor power system that has a reasonable lifespan and would function in an extraterrestrial environment. The system will use a Gas-Cooled Reactor that is directly coupled to a Closed Brayton Cycle (GCR-CBC) power system. Also included will be some variations on the primary design and their effects on the characteristics of the primary design. This thesis also presents a variety of neutronics related calculations, an examination of the reactor's thermal characteristics, feasibility for use in an extraterrestrial environment, and the reactor's safety characteristics in several accident scenarios. While there has been past work for space reactors, the challenges introduced by thin atmospheres like those on Mars …
Date: April 1, 2006
Creator: Peters, Curtis D. (.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100,000-Mile Evaluation of Transit Buses Operated on Biodiesel Blends (B20) (open access)

100,000-Mile Evaluation of Transit Buses Operated on Biodiesel Blends (B20)

Evaluates the emissions, fuel economy, and maintenance of five 40-foot transit buses operated on B20 compared to four on petroleum diesel.
Date: November 1, 2006
Creator: Proc, K.; Barnitt, R.; Hayes, R. R.; Ratcliff, M.; McCormick, R. L.; Ha, L. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
225-kW Dynamometer for Testing Small Wind Turbine Components (open access)

225-kW Dynamometer for Testing Small Wind Turbine Components

Poster for WindPower 2006 held June 4-7, 2006, in Pittsburgh, PA, describing the 225-kW dynamometer for testing small wind turbine components.
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: Green, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
225-kW Dynamometer for Testing Small Wind Turbine Components: Preprint (open access)

225-kW Dynamometer for Testing Small Wind Turbine Components: Preprint

This paper describes NREL's new 225-kW dynamometer facility that is suitable for testing a variety of components and subsystems for small wind turbines and discusses opportunities for industry partnerships with NREL for use of the facility.
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: Green, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 36, No. 2, Ed. 1 Friday, September 1, 2006 (open access)

15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 36, No. 2, Ed. 1 Friday, September 1, 2006

Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: September 1, 2006
Creator: Ray, Johnna
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 36, No. 12, Ed. 1 Friday, December 1, 2006 (open access)

15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 36, No. 12, Ed. 1 Friday, December 1, 2006

Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: December 1, 2006
Creator: Ray, Johnna
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Program, Extended Abstracts, and Papers (open access)

16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Program, Extended Abstracts, and Papers

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes held August 6-9, 2006 in Denver, Colorado. The workshop addressed the fundamental properties of PV-Si, new solar cell designs, and advanced solar cell processing techniques. It provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The Workshop Theme was: "Getting more (Watts) for Less ($i)". A combination of oral presentations by invited speakers, poster sessions, and discussion sessions reviewed recent advances in crystal growth, new cell structures, new processes and process characterization techniques, and cell fabrication approaches suitable for future manufacturing demands. The special sessions included: Feedstock Issues: Si Refining and Purification; Metal-impurity Engineering; Thin Film Si; and Diagnostic Techniques.
Date: August 1, 2006
Creator: Sopori, B. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
17th International Conference on Arabidopsis Research (open access)

17th International Conference on Arabidopsis Research

The 17th International Conference on Arabidopsis Research was held at the University of Madison, Wisconsin from June 27- July 2, 2006. ICAR-2006 included approximately 625 scientists from across the world. The scientific program was of excellent quality featuring 73 talks, including 30 from invited speakers. There were also 6 community-organized workshops (facilitated by conference staff) featuring additional talks on topics including ‘Submitting data to long-term repositories,’ ‘TAIR introductory workshop,’ ‘Web services and demonstration,’ ‘Public engagement: broadening the impact of your research,’ ‘Systems biology approaches to analysis of metabolic and regulatory networks of Arabidopsis,’ and ‘Mechanotransduction in Arabidopsis.’ Approximately 440 posters were presented in general topic areas including, among others, Development, Modeling/Other Systems, Energy, Environment, and Genetic/Epigenetic mechanisms. Graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, junior faculty, and underrepresented minorities made up a significant portion of the oral presentations thereby promoting the training of young scientists and facilitating important career development opportunities for speakers. Several poster sessions provided an opportunity for younger participants to freely meet with more established scientists. The North American Arabidopsis Steering Committee (NAASC) continued its outreach effort and again sponsored two special luncheons to encourage personal and professional development of young scientists and also underrepresented minorities. The ‘Emerging Scientists Luncheon’ …
Date: July 1, 2006
Creator: Bender, Judith
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
2005 Cellulases and Cellulosomes Gordon Research Conferences (open access)

2005 Cellulases and Cellulosomes Gordon Research Conferences

This report is on Cellulases and Cellulosomes on Gordon Research Conferences.
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: Gray, Nancy Ryan & Warren, Richard
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
2005 Data Report: Groundwater Monitoring Program Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site (open access)

2005 Data Report: Groundwater Monitoring Program Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site

This report is a compilation of the calendar year 2005 groundwater sampling results from the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site. In additon to providing groundwater monitoring results, this report also includes information regarding site hydrogeology, well construction, sample collection, and meteorological data measured at the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site at the Nevada Test Site, Ny County, Nevada.
Date: February 1, 2006
Creator: Bechtel Nevada (Firm)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2005 Update for Implementing Best Available Technology per DOE Order 5400.5 (open access)

2005 Update for Implementing Best Available Technology per DOE Order 5400.5

The report addresses Best Available Technology per DOE Order 5400.5 in relation to wastewater discharges to the soil. In accordance with Contract Data Requirements List F.19, this report addresses the Best Available Technology requirements per Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5400.5, "Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment", as they apply to radiological discharges to the soil for Calendar Year 2005. The report includes review of discharges for both, Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC and CH2M WG Idaho, LLC. The Best Available Technology selection process is applicable to wastewater discharges containing process derived radionuclides to surface waters, sanitary sewerages greater than five times the Derived Concentration Guideline (found in DOE Order 5400.5), and to the soil. Wastewater at the Idaho National Laboratory Site is not discharged to surface water (Big Lost River and Birch Creek) nor is it discharged to sanitary sewerages at activity levels greater than five times a Derived Concentration Guideline. Therefore, this report focuses on radiological discharges to the soil.
Date: September 1, 2006
Creator: INL
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2006 Catalysis Gordon Conference (open access)

2006 Catalysis Gordon Conference

This Report is about Gordon Conference on Catalysis which was held at Colbey-Sawyer College.
Date: January 1, 2006
Creator: Davis, Robert & Gray, Nancy Ryan
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
2006 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study. (open access)

2006 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.

The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book), which is published annually by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), establishes one of the planning bases for supplying electricity to customers. The White Book contains projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. The White Book also contains information obtained from formalized resource planning reports and data submittals including those from individual utilities, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (Council), and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). The White Book is not an operational planning guide, nor is it used for determining BPA revenues, although the database that generates the data for the White Book analysis contributes to the development of BPA's inventory and ratemaking processes. Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is based on a set of criteria different from that used for resource planning decisions. Operational planning is dependent upon real-time or near-term knowledge of system conditions that include expectations of river flows and runoff, market opportunities, availability of reservoir storage, energy exchanges, and other factors affecting the dynamics of operating a power system. The load resource balance of both the Federal system and the region is …
Date: March 1, 2006
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2006 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix, Volume 1: Energy Analysis. (open access)

2006 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix, Volume 1: Energy Analysis.

None
Date: March 1, 2006
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2006 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix, Volume 2: Capacity Analysis. (open access)

2006 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix, Volume 2: Capacity Analysis.

None
Date: March 1, 2006
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2006 Report on GAO's Use of Provisions in the GAO Personnel Flexibilities Act of 2000 and the GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004 (open access)

2006 Report on GAO's Use of Provisions in the GAO Personnel Flexibilities Act of 2000 and the GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004

Other written product issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "This is Appendix 2 of GAO's 2006 Performance and Accountability Report. Section 6 of the GAO Personnel Flexibilities Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-303 (2000), and section 11 of the GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-271 (2004), require GAO to report to the Congress regarding its use of certain of the provisions of these acts."
Date: December 1, 2006
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
2007 Solar Decathlon: Powered by the Sun (open access)

2007 Solar Decathlon: Powered by the Sun

The 2007 Solar Decathlon Brochure is a multipurpose document that provides a broad overview of the Decathlon's background, purpose, scope, the student participants, as well as the successes from the 2002 and 2005 competitions and the excitement and energy surrounding the event.
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2007 Wholesale Power Rate Schedules : 2007 General Rate Schedule Provisions. (open access)

2007 Wholesale Power Rate Schedules : 2007 General Rate Schedule Provisions.

This schedule is available for the contract purchase of Firm Power to be used within the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Priority Firm (PF) Power may be purchased by public bodies, cooperatives, and Federal agencies for resale to ultimate consumers, for direct consumption, and for Construction, Test and Start-Up, and Station Service. Rates in this schedule are in effect beginning October 1, 2006, and apply to purchases under requirements Firm Power sales contracts for a three-year period. The Slice Product is only available for public bodies and cooperatives who have signed Slice contracts for the FY 2002-2011 period. Utilities participating in the Residential Exchange Program (REP) under Section 5(c) of the Northwest Power Act may purchase Priority Firm Power pursuant to the Residential Exchange Program. Rates under contracts that contain charges that escalate based on BPA's Priority Firm Power rates shall be based on the three-year rates listed in this rate schedule in addition to applicable transmission charges. This rate schedule supersedes the PF-02 rate schedule, which went into effect October 1, 2001. Sales under the PF-07 rate schedule are subject to BPA's 2007 General Rate Schedule Provisions (2007 GRSPs). Products available under this rate schedule are defined in the 2007 GRSPs. …
Date: November 1, 2006
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2010 Census: Planning and Testing Activities Are Making Progress (open access)

2010 Census: Planning and Testing Activities Are Making Progress

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Rigorous planning is key to a successful census as it helps ensure greater effectiveness and efficiency. The U.S. Census Bureau (Bureau) estimates the 2010 Census will cost around $11.3 billion, which would make it the most expensive census in our country's history, even after adjusting for inflation. GAO was asked to testify on (1) the Bureau's progress in preparing for the 2010 Census, (2) the challenges that Hurricanes Katrina and Rita might pose for the Bureau's future activities, and, (3) more broadly, the importance of planning for a range of events that could severely disrupt the census."
Date: March 1, 2006
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library