CP violation in B{sup 0}{bar B}{sup 0} mixing is characterized by the value of the parameter |q/p| being different from 1, and the Standard Model predicts this difference to be smaller than 10{sup -3}. We present a measurement of this parameter using a partial reconstruction of one of the B mesons in the semileptonic channel D*{sup -}{ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}}, where only the hard lepton and the soft pion from the D*{sup -} {yields} {bar D}{sup 0}{pi}{sup -} decay are reconstructed. The flavor of the other B is determined by means of lepton tagging. The determination of |q/p| is then performed with a fit to the proper time difference of the two B decays. We use a luminosity of 200.8 fb{sup -1}, collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetrical-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider, in the period 1999-2004. We obtain the preliminary result: |q/p| - 1 = (6.5 {+-} 3.4(stat.) {+-} 2.0(syst.)) {center_dot} 10{sup -3}.

We perform the first three-dimensional measurement of the amplitudes of B {yields} {psi}(2S)K* and B {yields} {chi}{sub c1}K* decays and update our previous measurement for B {yields} J/{psi} K*. We use a data sample collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring, representing 232 million produced B{bar B} pairs. The longitudinal polarization of decays to the 1{sup ++} {chi}{sub c1} meson together with a K* meson, is found to be larger than that for the decay to the 1{sup --} {Psi} mesons. No direct CP-violating charge asymmetry is observed.

The authors present an updated measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}K{sub S}{sup 0}K{sub S}{sup 0} decays based on 347 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. The authors obtain the CP asymmetries S{sub f} = -0.66 {+-} 0.26 {+-} 0.08 and C{sub f} = -0.14 {+-} 0.22 {+-} 0.05, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

The authors report first observations of the decays B{sup -} {yields} D{sub s}{sup (*)+} K{sup -}{pi}{sup -}, using 292 fb{sup -1} of data collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance energy by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} collider. The branching fractions are measured to be {Beta}(B{sup -} {yields} D{sub s}{sup +}K{sup -}{pi}{sup -}) = (1.88 {+-} 0.13 {+-} 0.41) {center_dot} 10{sup -4} and {Beta}(B{sup -} {yields} D{sub s}{sup *+}K{sup -}{pi}{sup -}) = (1.84 {+-} 0.19 {+-} 0.40) {center_dot} 10{sup -4}.

We present a study of two states decaying to {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} K{sup -} {pi}{sup +} using the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} storage rings. We use an integrated luminosity of 288.5 fb{sup -1} collected at the center-of-mass energy {radical}s = 10.58 GeV, near the peak of the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance, plus 27.2 fb{sup -1} collected approximately 40MeV below this energy. We search for the particles {Xi}{sub c}(2980){sup +} and {Xi}{sub c}(3077){sup +}, recently discovered by the Belle Collaboration, in their decays to {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, where {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -}{pi}{sup +}. We find a signal with 7.0{sigma} significance for the {Xi}{sub c}(2980){sup +} state with a mass difference with respect to the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} of (680.6 {+-} 1.9 {+-} 1.0)MeV/c{sup 2} (first error is statistical and second error is systematic). The measured width for this state is (23.6 {+-} 2.8 {+-} 1.3)MeV, and the yield is 284 {+-} 45 {+-} 46 events. We find a signal with 8.6{sigma} significance for the {Xi}{sub c}(3077){sup +} state with a mass difference with respect to the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} of (790.0 {+-} 0.7 {+-} 0.2) MeV/c{sup 2}, a width of (6.2 {+-} 1.6 …

Searches for lepton flavor violating tau {yields} l gamma, tau {yields} lhh decays at the BABAR experiment are presented. Upper limits on the branching ratios are obtained at the level of O(10{sup -7}) at 90% confidence level.

In 2004, the first two sextants of the new Limited Streamer Tube (LST) detector were installed in the BABAR experiment to replace the ageing Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as active detectors for the BABAR Instrumented Flux Return (IFR) muon system. Each streamer tube of the new detector consists of 8 cells. The cell walls are coated with graphite paint and a 100 {micro}m wire forms the anode. These wires are coupled in pairs inside the tubes resulting in 4 independent two-cell segments per LST. High voltage (HV) is applied to the 4 segments through a custom connector that also provides the decoupling capacitor to pick up the detector signals from the anode wires. The BABAR LST detector is operated at 5.5 kV. The high voltage system for the LST detector was designed and built at The Ohio State University (OSU HVPS). Each of the 25 supplies built for BaBar provides 80 output channels with individual current monitoring and overcurrent protection. For each group of 20 channels the HV can be adjusted between 0 and 6 kV. A 4-fold fan-out is integrated in the power supplies to provide a total of 320 outputs. The power supplies are controlled through built-in CANbus …

We consider a scalar field, such as the Higgs boson H, coupled to gluons via the effective operator H tr G{sub {mu}{nu}} G{sup {mu}{nu}} induced by a heavy-quark loop. We treat H as the real part of a complex field {phi} which couples to the self-dual part of the gluon field-strength, via the operator {phi} tr G{sub SD {mu}{nu}} G{sub SD}{sup {mu}{nu}}, whereas the conjugate field {phi} couples to the anti-self-dual part. There are three infinite sequences of amplitudes coupling {phi} to quarks and gluons that vanish at tree level, and hence are finite at one loop, in the QCD coupling. Using on-shell recursion relations, we find compact expressions for these three sequences of amplitudes and discuss their analytic properties.

A new type of compact induction accelerator is under development at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that promises to increase the average accelerating gradient by at least an order of magnitude over that of existing induction machines. The machine is based on the use of high gradient vacuum insulators, advanced dielectric materials and switches and is being developed as a compact flash x-ray radiography source. Research describing an extreme variant of this technology aimed at proton therapy for cancer will be presented.

Decomposition of the time-reversal operator for an array, or equivalently the singular value decomposition of the multistatic response matrix, has been used to improve imaging and localization of targets in complicated media. Typically, each singular value is associated with one scatterer even though it has been shown in several cases that a single scatterer can generate several singular values. In earlier papers Chambers and Berryman [1, 2] showed that a small spherical scatterer can generate up to six singular values depending on the array geometry and sphere composition. It was shown that the existence and characteristics of multiple singular values for each scatterer can, in principle, be used to determine certain properties of the scatterers, e.g. conducting or non-conducting material. In this paper, we extend this analysis to non-spherical targets and show how orientation information about the target may be obtained from the spectrum of singular values. The general properties of the decomposition for small non-spherical dielectric (and possibly conductive) targets in an electromagnetic field are derived and detailed results are obtained for the specific cases of non-magnetic and perfectly conducting needles and disks. It is shown that scatterer orientation can be estimated by tracking the singular values of a …

The search for the ground state scalar glueball $G_0$ isreviewed. Spin zero glueballs will have unique dynamical properties ifthe $<G_0|\overline qq>$ amplitude is suppressed by chiralsymmetry, as it is to all orders in perturbation theory: for instance,mixing of $G_0$ with $\overline qq$ mesons would be suppressed, radiative$\jp$ decay would be a filter for new physics in the spin zero channel,and the decay $G_0 \rightarrow \overline KK$ could be enhanced relativeto $G_0 \rightarrow \pi \pi$. These properties are consistent with theidentification of $f_0(1710)$ as the largely unmixed ground state scalarglueball, while recent BES data implies that $f_0(1500)$ does not containthe dominant glueball admixture. Three hypotheses are discussed: that$G_0$ is 1) predominantly $f_0(1500)$ or 2) predominantly $f_0(1710)$ or3) is strongly mixed between $f_0(1500)$ and $f_0(1710)$.

Clouds of stray electrons are ubiquitous in particle accelerators and frequently limit the performance of storage rings. Earlier measurements of electron energy distribution and flux to the walls provided only a relative electron cloud density. We have measured electron accumulation using ions expelled by the beam. The ion energy distribution maps the depressed beam potential and gives the dynamic cloud density. Clearing electrode current reveals the static background cloud density, allowing the first absolute measurement of the time-dependent electron cloud density during the beam pulse.

We report preliminary measurements of the exclusive charmless semileptonic branching fractions of the B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{ell}{sup +}{nu} and B{sup +} {yields} {eta}'{ell}{sup +}{nu} decays. These measurements are based on 316 fb{sup -1} of data collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance by the BABAR detector. In events in which the decay of one B meson to a hadronic final state is fully reconstructed, the semileptonic decay of the recoiling B meson is identified by the detection of a charged lepton and an {eta} or {eta}'. We measure the branching fraction {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{ell}{sup +}{nu}) = (0.84 {+-} 0.27 {+-} 0.21) x 10{sup -4}, where the first error is statistical and the second one systematic. We also set an upper limit on the branching fraction of {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{ell}{sup +}{nu}) &lt; 1.4 x 10{sup -4} and {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}'{ell}{sup +}{nu}) &lt; 1.3 x 10{sup -4} at the 90% confidence level.

A thermal-hydrologic-natural-ventilation model is configured for simulating temperature, humidity, and condensate distributions in the coupled domains of the in-drift airspace and the near-field rockmass in the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. The multi-physics problem is solved with MULTIFLUX in which a lumped-parameter computational fluid dynamics model is iterated with TOUGH2. The solution includes natural convection, conduction, and radiation for heat as well as moisture convection and diffusion for moisture transport with half waste package scale details in the drift, and mountain-scale heat and moisture transport in the porous and fractured rock-mass. The method provides fast convergence on a personal computer computational platform. Numerical examples and comparison with a TOUGH2 based, integrated model are presented.

The latest results of exclusive charmless semileptonic decays B {yields} {pi}{ell}v and B {yields} {rho}{ell}v from the BABAR Collaboration are presented. They are based on samples of B{bar B} events recorded on the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance. Several different experimental techniques are compared. Measurements of partial branching fractions in intervals of q{sup 2}, the four-momentum transfer squared, allow a study of the shape of the B {yields} {pi}{ell}v form factor and a comparison with theoretical calculations. The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V{sub ub}| is determined using the measured branching fractions combined with recent form-factor predictions.

Understanding the quantum efficiency (QE) of a metal photocathode in an s-band RF gun is important to limit the drive laser energy requirement and provide the best quality electron beam. Systematic measurements of the qe vs. wavelength for varying surface contamination have been performed on copper samples using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sample is first cleaned to the theoretical limit of QE using a 1 keV hydrogen ion beam. The H-ion beam cleans an area approximately 1cm in diameter and has no effect on the surface roughness while removing essentially all contaminants and lowering the work function to 4.3eV[1]. The sample is then exposed to atmospheric contaminants (nitrogen and oxygen) and measured again with XPS to determine the degree of contamination and their effect on the QE. These results and comparison with theory are presented.

During injection or instability, the transverse profile of an individual bunch in a storage ring can change significantly in a few turns. However, most synchrotron-light imaging techniques are not designed for this time scale. We have developed a novel diagnostic that enhances the utility of a fast gated camera by adding, inexpensively, some features of a dual-axis streak camera, in order to watch the turn-by-turn evolution of the transverse profile, in both x and y. The beam's elliptical profile is reshaped using cylindrical lenses to form a tall and narrow ellipse--essentially the projection of the full ellipse onto one transverse axis. We do this projection twice, by splitting the beam into two paths at different heights, and rotating the ellipse by 90{sup o} on one path. A rapidly rotating mirror scans these vertical ''pencils'' of light horizontally across the photocathode of the camera, which is gated for 3 ns on every Nth ring turn. A single readout of the camera captures 100 images, looking like a stroboscopic photograph of a moving object. We have observed the capture of injected charge into a bunch and the rapid change of beam size at the onset of a fast instability.

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Microorganisms can affect the stability and mobility of the actinides U, Pu, Cm, Am, Np, and the fission products Tc, I, Cs, Sr, released from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Under appropriate conditions, microorganisms can alter the chemical speciation, solubility and sorption properties and thus could increase or decrease the concentrations of radionuclides in solution and the bioavailability. Dissolution or immobilization of radionuclides is brought about by direct enzymatic action or indirect non-enzymatic action of microorganisms. Although the physical, chemical, and geochemical processes affecting dissolution, precipitation, and mobilization of radionuclides have been investigated, we have only limited information on the effects of microbial processes. The mechanisms of microbial transformations of the major and minor actinides and the fission products under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the presence of electron donors and acceptors are reviewed.

Experiments at the FLASH linac at DESY have demonstrated that the Higher Order Modes induced in Superconducting Cavities can be used to provide a variety of beam and cavity diagnostics. The centers of the cavities can be determined from the beam orbit which produces minimum power in the dipole HOM modes. The phase and amplitude of the dipole modes can be used as a high resolution beam position monitor, and the phase of the monopole modes to measure the beam phase relative to the accelerator RF. Beam orbit feedback which minimizes the dipole HOM power in a set of structures has been demonstrated. For most SC accelerators, the existing HOM couplers provide the necessary signals, and the down mix and digitizing electronics are straightforward, similar to those for a conventional BPM.

In this article, the suitability of Nb3Sn to improve theperformance of superconducting Radio-Frequency (RF)cavities is discussed.The use of Nb3Sn in RF cavitiesis recognized as an enabling technology toretain a veryhigh cavity quality factor (Q0) at 4.2 K and tosignificantly improve the cavity accelerating efficiency per unitlength(Eacc). This potential arises through the fundamental properties ofNb3Sn. The properties that are extensively characterized in theliterature are, however, mainly related to improvements in currentcarrying capacity (Jc) in the vortex state. Much less is available forthe Meissner state, which is of key importance to cavities. Relevantdata, available for the Meissner state is summarized, and it is shown howthis already validates the use of Nb3Sn. In addition, missing knowledgeis highlighted and suggestions are given for further Meissner statespecific research.

Development of {sup 14}C analysis with precision better than 2{per_thousand} has the potential to expand the utility of {sup 14}CO{sub 2} measurements for carbon cycle investigations as atmospheric gradients currently approach traditional measurement precision of 2-5{per_thousand}. The AMS facility at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, produces high and stable beam currents that enable efficient acquisition times for large numbers of {sup 14}C counts. One million {sup 14}C atoms can be detected in approximately 25 minutes, suggesting that near 1{per_thousand} counting precision is economically feasible at LLNL. The overall uncertainty in measured values is ultimately determined by the variation between measured ratios in several sputtering periods of the same sample and by the reproducibility of replicate samples. Experiments on the collection of one million counts on replicate samples of CO{sub 2} extracted from a whole air cylinder show a standard deviation of 1.7{per_thousand} in 36 samples measured over several wheels. This precision may be limited by the reproducibility of Oxalic Acid I standard samples, which is considerably poorer. We outline the procedures for high-precision sample handling and analysis that have enabled reproducibility in the cylinder extraction samples at the &lt;2{per_thousand} level and describe future directions to …

Efforts have been under way at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to develop detailed analytical models that simulate enrichment and conversion facilities for the purpose of aiding in the detection of material diversion as part of an overall safeguards strategy. These models could be used to confirm proper accountability of the nuclear materials at facilities worldwide. Operation of an enrichment process for manufacturing commercial reactor fuel presents proliferation concerns including both diversion and the potential for further enrichment to make weapons grade material. While inspections of foreign reprocessing facilities by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are meant to ensure that such diversion is not occurring, it must be verified that such diversion is not taking place through both examination of the facility and taking specific measurements such as the radiation fields outside of various process lines. Our current effort is developing algorithms that would be incorporated into the current process models that would provide both neutron and gamma radiation fields outside any process line for the purpose of to determining the most effective locations for placing in-plant monitoring equipment. These algorithms, while providing dose and spectral information, could also be designed to provide detector responses that could be physically …

Low-level radioactive liquid wastes at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site are treated by mixing the wastes with Saltstone grout to generate the Saltstone waste form that is poured into the concrete vaults for long-term disposal. The formula for Saltstone includes {approx}25 wt% slag to create a reducing environment for mitigating the sub-surface transport of several radionuclides, including Tc-99. A two-dimensional reactive transport model was developed to estimate how long the Z-Area Saltstone will maintain a reducing environment, and therefore its ability to request Tc-99. The model predicted that {approx}16% of the Saltstone reduction capacity would be consumed after 213,000 years. Independent calculations published by other researchers yielded nearly identical results. The general modeling approach and the study results are presented in this paper.