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17.5% p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact (open access)

17.5% p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact

Thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) are used as both emitters and back contacts in silicon heterojunction solar cells. Low interface recombination velocity and high open-circuit voltage are achieved by a low substrate temperature (<150 deg C) intrinsic a-Si:H deposition which ensures immediate amorphous silicon deposition. This is followed by deposition of doped a-Si:H at a higher temperature (>200 deg C) which appears to improve dopant activation. With an i/n a-Si:H emitter, we obtain a confirmed efficiency of 17.1% on textured p-type float-zone (FZ) silicon with a screen-printed aluminum back-surface-field (Al-BSF) contact. Employing a-Si:H as both the front emitter and the back contact, we achieve a confirmed efficiency of 17.5%, the highest reported efficiency for a p-type c-Si based heterojunction solar cell.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Wang, T. H.; Page, M. R.; Iwaniczko, E.; Wang, Q.; Xu,Y.; Yan, Y. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
100/300 Area Aquifer Tube Task: Annual Sampling for Fiscal Year 2006, Hanford Site, Washington (open access)

100/300 Area Aquifer Tube Task: Annual Sampling for Fiscal Year 2006, Hanford Site, Washington

This letter report has been prepared to provide the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington State Department of Ecology, and Hanford Site contractors with logistical information pertaining to the use of certain environmental monitoring sites. Although the distribution is not limited, It is not intended for general distribution beyond that audience.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Peterson, Robert E.; Hartman, Mary J.; Raidl, Robert F. & Borghese, Jane V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
15th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Extended Abstracts and Papers (open access)

15th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Extended Abstracts and Papers

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 15th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, held in Vail, CO, August 7-10, 2005. This meeting provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The workshop addressed the fundamental properties of PV silicon, new solar cell designs, and advanced solar cell processing techniques. A combination of oral presentations by invited speakers, poster sessions, and discussion sessions reviewed recent advances in crystal growth, new cell designs, new processes and process characterization techniques, and cell fabrication approaches suitable for future manufacturing demands. The theme of this year's meeting was 'Providing the Scientific Basis for Industrial Success.' Specific sessions during the workshop included: Advances in crystal growth and material issues; Impurities and defects in Si; Advanced processing; High-efficiency Si solar cells; Thin Si solar cells; and Cell design for efficiency and reliability module operation. The topic for the Rump Session was ''Si Feedstock: The Show Stopper'' and featured a panel discussion by representatives from various PV companies.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Sopori, B. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
2004 Physics and Advanced Technologies In the News (open access)

2004 Physics and Advanced Technologies In the News

Several outstanding research activities in the Physics and Advanced Technology Directorate in 2004 were featured in ''Science & Technology Review'', the monthly publication of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Reprints of those articles accompany this report. Here we summarize other science and technology highlights, as well as the awards and recognition received by members of the Directorate in 2004.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Hazi, Andrew
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2005 Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Report for the North Eaton Lake Project (open access)

2005 Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Report for the North Eaton Lake Project

On July 6, 2005, the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) was used to determine baseline habitat suitability on the North Eaton Lake property, an acquisition completed by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians in November 2004. Evaluation species and appropriate models include bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, Canada goose, mallard, muskrat, and white-tailed deer. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values were visually estimated and agreed upon by all HEP team members. The North Eaton Lake Project provides a total of 235.05 Habitat Units (HUs) for the species evaluated. Open water habitat provides 9.38 HUs for Canada goose, mallard and muskrat. Emergent wetland habitat provides 11.36 HUs for Canada goose, mallard and muskrat. Forested wetland provides 10.97 HUs for bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, mallard and white-tailed deer. Conifer forest habitat provides 203.34 HUs for bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, mallard, and white-tailed deer. The objective of using HEP at the North Eaton Lake Project and other protected properties is to document the quality and quantity of available habitat for selected wildlife species. In this way, HEP provides information on the relative value of the same area at future points in time so that the effect of management activities on wildlife habitat can be quantified. When combined …
Date: November 2005
Creator: Entz, Ray
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
22nd Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics (open access)

22nd Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics

The XXII Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, jointly organized by the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and the Physics Department of Stanford University, was held on December 13-17, 2004. Following the tradition of past Texas Symposia the presentations emphasized recent developments in Cosmology, High Energy Astrophysics and the frontiers between these and Gravitation and Particle Physics. This Symposium was attended by more than 500 colleagues from a spectrum of disciplines mentioned above. There were 9 Plenary Sessions, 3 Parallel Sessions and 2 Poster Sessions held during the five-day program, with 76 oral and 240 poster presentations. These are now documented on CD and in the eConf proceedings archive. Funding of $15,000 received from the DOE under award DE-FG02-05ER41362 was used for expenses related to facility, local transportation and administrative expenses.
Date: 2005-11~
Creator: Bloom, Elliott
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
3D Active photonic crystal devices for integrated photonics and silicon photonics. (open access)

3D Active photonic crystal devices for integrated photonics and silicon photonics.

Over the past 15 years, basic photonic crystals operating in optical wavelengths have been theoretically investigated and experimentally realized. New directions must now be set to understand fundamental photon-matter interactions and thus realize active photonic components for integrated and silicon-based photonic applications. This proposal aims at two key areas to study. They are: (1) Thermal emission and silicon photonic crystal lasers--an aspect of photon-phonon interaction. (2) Optical interconnects--an aspect of photonic transport and mutual interaction. Understanding the underlining photon-phonon interaction, blackbody radiation can be altered, and wasted thermal energy recycled. Furthermore, we intend to build SOI based optical components, and study their mutual interaction for achieving complex optical functionality. Two examples are waveguide-cavity and cavity-cavity interaction for channel dropping filter applications. Indeed, the next challenge in photonic crystal research is in material integration, in on-chip integration of photonic components, and lastly the realization of silicon lasers.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Clem, Paul Gilbert; Chow, Weng Wah; Subramania,Ganapathi Subramanian; Fleming, James Grant; Wendt, Joel Robert & El-Kady, Ihab Fathy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A20 Base Input Red River, TX (open access)

A20 Base Input Red River, TX

A20 Base Input Red River, TX
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Achievement of Low Emissions by Engine Modification to Utilize Gas-to-Liquid Fuel and Advanced Emission Controls on a Class 8 Truck (open access)

Achievement of Low Emissions by Engine Modification to Utilize Gas-to-Liquid Fuel and Advanced Emission Controls on a Class 8 Truck

A 2002 Cummins ISM engine was modified to be optimized for operation on gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel and advanced emission control devices. The engine modifications included increased exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), decreased compression ratio, and reshaped piston and bowl configuration.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Alleman, T. L.; Tennant, C. J.; Hayes, R. R.; Miyasato, M.; Oshinuga, A.; Barton, G. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive optical zoom sensor. (open access)

Adaptive optical zoom sensor.

In order to optically vary the magnification of an imaging system, continuous mechanical zoom lenses require multiple optical elements and use fine mechanical motion to precisely adjust the separations between individual or groups of lenses. By incorporating active elements into the optical design, we have designed and demonstrated imaging systems that are capable of variable optical magnification with no macroscopic moving parts. Changing the effective focal length and magnification of an imaging system can be accomplished by adeptly positioning two or more active optics in the optical design and appropriately adjusting the optical power of those elements. In this application, the active optics (e.g. liquid crystal spatial light modulators or deformable mirrors) serve as variable focal-length lenses. Unfortunately, the range over which currently available devices can operate (i.e. their dynamic range) is relatively small. Therefore, the key to this concept is to create large changes in the effective focal length of the system with very small changes in the focal lengths of individual elements by leveraging the optical power of conventional optical elements surrounding the active optics. By appropriately designing the optical system, these variable focal-length lenses can provide the flexibility necessary to change the overall system focal length, and …
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Sweatt, William C.; Bagwell, Brett E. & Wick, David Victor
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adhesive Joint and Composites Modeling in SIERRA (open access)

Adhesive Joint and Composites Modeling in SIERRA

Polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites play an important role in many Defense Program applications. Recently an advanced nonlinear viscoelastic model for polymers has been developed and incorporated into ADAGIO, Sandia's SIERRA-based quasi-static analysis code. Standard linear elastic shell and continuum models for fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites have also been added to ADAGIO. This report details the use of these models for advanced adhesive joint and composites simulations carried out as part of an Advanced Simulation and Computing Advanced Deployment (ASC AD) project. More specifically, the thermo-mechanical response of an adhesive joint when loaded during repeated thermal cycling is simulated, the response of some composite rings under internal pressurization is calculated, and the performance of a composite container subjected to internal pressurization, thermal loading, and distributed mechanical loading is determined. Finally, general comparisons between the continuum and shell element approaches for modeling composites using ADAGIO are given.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Ohashi, Yuki; Brown, Arthur A.; Hammerand, Daniel Carl; Adolf, Douglas Brian; Chambers, Robert S. & Foulk, James W., III
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Intermediate Heat Transport Loop Design Configurations for Hydrogen Production Using High Temperature Nuclear Reactors (open access)

Advanced Intermediate Heat Transport Loop Design Configurations for Hydrogen Production Using High Temperature Nuclear Reactors

The US Department of Energy is investigating the use of high-temperature nuclear reactors to produce hydrogen using either thermochemical cycles or high-temperature electrolysis. Although the hydrogen production processes are in an early stage of development, coupling either of these processes to the high-temperature reactor requires both efficient heat transfer and adequate separation of the facilities to assure that off-normal events in the production facility do not impact the nuclear power plant. An intermediate heat transport loop will be required to separate the operations and safety functions of the nuclear and hydrogen plants. A next generation high-temperature reactor could be envisioned as a single-purpose facility that produces hydrogen or a dual-purpose facility that produces hydrogen and electricity. Early plants, such as the proposed Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP), may be dual-purpose facilities that demonstrate both hydrogen and efficient electrical generation. Later plants could be single-purpose facilities. At this stage of development, both single- and dual-purpose facilities need to be understood. A number of possible configurations for a system that transfers heat between the nuclear reactor and the hydrogen and/or electrical generation plants were identified. These configurations included both direct and indirect cycles for the production of electricity. Both helium and liquid …
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Oh, Chang; Davis, Cliff; Barner, Rober & Pickard, Paul
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advances in CdTe R&D at NREL (open access)

Advances in CdTe R&D at NREL

This paper summarizes the following R&D accomplishments at National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): (1) Developed several novel materials and world-record high-efficiency CdTe solar cell, (2) Developed "one heat-up step" manufacturing processes, and (3) Demonstrated 13.9% transparent CdTe cell and 15.3% CdTe/CIS polycrystalline tandem solar cell. Cadmium telluride has been well recognized as a promising photovoltaic material for thin-film solar cells because of its near-optimum bandgap of ~1.5 eV and its high absorption coefficient. Impressive results have been achieved in the past few years for polycrystalline CdTe thin-film solar cells at NREL. In this paper, we summarize some recent R&D activities at NREL.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Wu, X.; Zhou, J.; Keane, J. C.; Dhere, R. G.; Albin, D. S.; Gessert, T. A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advances in radiation modeling in ALEGRA :a final report for LDRD-67120, efficient implicit mulitgroup radiation calculations. (open access)

Advances in radiation modeling in ALEGRA :a final report for LDRD-67120, efficient implicit mulitgroup radiation calculations.

The original LDRD proposal was to use a nonlinear diffusion solver to compute estimates for the material temperature that could then be used in a Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) calculation. At the end of the first year of the project, it was determined that this was not going to be effective, partially due to the concept, and partially due to the fact that the radiation diffusion package was not as efficient as it could be. The second, and final year, of the project focused on improving the robustness and computational efficiency of the radiation diffusion package in ALEGRA. To this end, several new multigroup diffusion methods have been developed and implemented in ALEGRA. While these methods have been implemented, their effectiveness of reducing overall simulation run time has not been fully tested. Additionally a comprehensive suite of verification problems has been developed for the diffusion package to ensure that it has been implemented correctly. This process took considerable time, but exposed significant bugs in both the previous and new diffusion packages, the linear solve packages, and even the NEVADA Framework's parser. In order to manage this large suite of problem, a new tool called Tampa has been developed. It is …
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Mehlhorn, Thomas Alan; Kurecka, Christopher J. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI); McClarren, Ryan (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI); Brunner, Thomas A. & Holloway, James Paul (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aeronautics Star, Volume 6, Number 5, November/December 2005 (open access)

Aeronautics Star, Volume 6, Number 5, November/December 2005

Bimonthly newsletter published for employees of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. containing work-related information, updates about employees, and other news.
Date: November 2005
Creator: Lockheed Martin Astronautics Corporation
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Agriculture and FY2006 Budget Reconciliation (open access)

Agriculture and FY2006 Budget Reconciliation

The FY2006 budget resolution (H.Con.Res. 95, H.Rept. 109-62) contains reconciliation instructions that require authorizing committees to report legislation to reduce spending on mandatory programs within each committee’s jurisdiction. The resolution instructed the House and Senate Agriculture Committees to report legislation reducing spending on USDA mandatory programs by $173 million in FY2006 and $3.0 billion over five years (FY2006-FY2010). The House and Senate Agriculture Committees have completed action on their recommendations ($3.7 billion in the House and $3.0 billion in the Senate). The two measures would reduce spending on farm commodity and conservation programs in varying ways. The House measure also eliminates funding for various rural development programs and reduces food stamp spending. The Senate extends authority for a dairy income support program, which would require an offset of its projected cost. Reconciliation floor action is expected in November.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

An Alternative Approach to Interoperability Testing

Presentation for the 2005 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) Annual Meeting. This presentation discusses an alternative approach to interoperability testing and the use of special diagnostic records in the context of Z39.50 and online library catalogs.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Moen, William E. & Yoon, JungWon
Object Type: Presentation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 179, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 1, 2005 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 179, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 1, 2005

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Amchitka Island Environmental Analysis Phase 4 Actinide Analysis At Idaho National laboratory (open access)

Amchitka Island Environmental Analysis Phase 4 Actinide Analysis At Idaho National laboratory

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) provided support to Vanderbilt University and Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) in their activites, supported by the Department of Energy (DOE), to assess the impact of past nuclear testing at Amchitka Island on the ecosystem of the island and surrounding ocean. INL participated in this project in four phases. INL support in the first three phases is documented in Report # INL/EXT-05-00361. The details of INL participation in Phase 4 (sample results, Quality Control (QC) results, and other related quality assurance documents) are included in this report.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Elias, Gracy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis and Design of Cold Helium Gas Warm Up for the 2K Experiment (open access)

Analysis and Design of Cold Helium Gas Warm Up for the 2K Experiment

N/A
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: A., Sidi-Yekhlef; Stohlman, O. & Krupczak, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Tank 43H Suspended Solids Sample and Sludge Level Meter Testing (open access)

Analysis of Tank 43H Suspended Solids Sample and Sludge Level Meter Testing

This report talks about Analysis of Tank 43H Suspended Solids Sample and Sludge Level Meter Testing
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Martino, Christopher
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of Mass Lumped Higher Order Finite Elements (open access)

Application of Mass Lumped Higher Order Finite Elements

There are many interesting phenomena in extended-MHD such as anisotropic transport, mhd, 2-fluid effects stellarator and hot particles. Any one of them challenges numerical analysts, and researchers are seeking for higher order methods, such as higher order finite difference, higher order finite elements and hp/spectral elements. It is true that these methods give more accurate solution than their linear counterparts. However, numerically they are prohibitively expensive. Here we give a successful solution of this conflict by applying mass lumped higher order finite elements. This type of elements not only keep second/third order accuracy but also scale closely to linear elements by doing mass lumping. This is especially true for second order lump elements. Full M3D and anisotropic transport models are studied.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: J. Chen, H.R. Strauss, S.C. Jardin, W. Park, L.E. Sugiyama, G. Fu, J. Breslau
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Architectural Advancements in RELAP5-3D (open access)

Architectural Advancements in RELAP5-3D

As both the computer industry and field of nuclear science and engineering move forward, there is a need to improve the computing tools used in the nuclear industry to keep pace with these changes. By increasing the capability of the codes, the growing modeling needs of nuclear plant analysis will be met and advantage can be taken of more powerful computer languages and architecture. In the past eighteen months, improvements have been made to RELAP5-3D [1] for these reasons. These architectural advances include code restructuring, conversion to Fortran 90, high performance computing upgrades, and rewriting of the RELAP5 Graphical User Interface (RGUI) [2] and XMGR5 [3] in Java. These architectural changes will extend the lifetime of RELAP5-3D, reduce the costs for development and maintenance, and improve it speed and reliability.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Mesina, Dr. George L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress (open access)

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress

This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to approve energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Current law forbids energy leasing in the Refuge. This report addresses several legislative options on the issue, as well as policymakers' arguments for and against development, especially in the wake of increasing terrorism since 2000-2001.
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: Corn, M. Lynne; Gelb, Bernard A. & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library