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The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA): Origin, Characteristics, and Institutional Authorities
The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA or “the authority”) was established approximately one month after United States and coalition forces took control of Baghdad in Iraq on April 9, 2003.1 The authority’s mission was “to restore conditions of security and stability, to create conditions in which the Iraqi people can freely determine their own political future, (including by advancing efforts to restore and establish national and local institutions for representative governance) and facilitating economic recovery, sustainable reconstruction and development. This report discusses two views on how the authority was established, reviews selected characteristics of the authority, identifies statutory reporting requirements concerning the authority and the reconstruction of Iraq, and explores several policy issues.
Date:
June 6, 2005
Creator:
Halchin, L. Elaine
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
GEO Year Book 2004/5: An Overview of Our Changing Environment
This publication discusses global environmental efforts, successes, and setbacks of 2004.
Date:
2005
Creator:
United Nations Environment Programme
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran's Influence in Iraq
This report discusses Iran’s influence over the post-Saddam government in Iraq, which is substantial because the predominant parties in that government have long enjoyed Tehran’s sponsorship. An emerging concern is that Iran’s influence has extended to support for militant groups in Iraq. Some U.S. statements and press sources say that sophisticated explosive devices are entering Iraq from Iran, suggesting that Iran, or factions within Iran, are backing Iraqi factions that use violence to oppose the U.S. and allied military presence in Iraq.
Date:
November 30, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran's Influence in Iraq
None
Date:
November 15, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Elections and New Government
Elections for a transitional National Assembly, provincial councils, and a Kurdish regional assembly were held on January 30, 2005. High turnout in Shiite and Kurdish areas led to first- and second-place finishes for slates of these two communities, and they determined the composition of a new government inaugurated in May. See CRS Report RL31339, Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance.
Date:
June 24, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Elections and New Government
Elections for a transitional National Assembly, provincial councils, and a Kurdish regional assembly were held on January 30, 2005. High turnout in Shiite and Kurdish areas led to first- and second-place finishes for slates of these two communities, and they determined the composition of a new government inaugurated in May. See CRS Report RL31339, Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance.
Date:
May 11, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, Illicit Trade, and Investigations
This report discusses issues with the “oil-for-food” program (OFFP), which was the centerpiece of a long-standing U.N. Security Council effort to alleviate human suffering in Iraq while maintaining key elements of the 1991 Gulf war-related sanctions regime. The program terminated following the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the assumption of sovereignty by an interim Iraqi government on June 28, 2004, and the lifting of Saddam-era U.N. sanctions. However, since the fall of the regime, there have been new allegations of mismanagement and abuse of the program, including allegations that Saddam Hussein’s regime manipulated the program to influence U.N. officials, contractors, and politicians and businessmen in numerous countries.
Date:
April 6, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth & Blanchard, Christopher M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Oil-For-Food Program, Illicit Trade, and Investigations
This report discusses the "oil-for-food" program (OFFP) as the centerpiece of a long-standing U.N. Security Council effort to alleviate human suffering in Iraq while maintaining key elements of the 1991 Gulf war-related sanctions regime. The program, in operation from December 1996 until March 2003, is detailed.
Date:
June 14, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth & Blanchard, Christopher M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq Oil: Reserves, Production, and Potential Revenues
None
Date:
April 13, 2005
Creator:
Kumins, Lawrence C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam National Elections
Elections for a transitional National Assembly, provincial councils, and a Kurdish regional assembly were held on January 30, 2005. High voter turnout in mostly Shiite and Kurdish areas led to a first and second-place finish for slates backed by these two communities. Sunni Arabs, dominant under Saddam Hussein, appear to have been further marginalized by their relative lack of participation in the vote. This report will be updated regularly. See CRS Report RL31339, Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance.
Date:
February 14, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam National Elections
Elections for a transitional National Assembly, provincial councils, and a Kurdish regional assembly were held on January 30, 2005. High voter turnout in mostly Shiite and Kurdish areas led to a first and second-place finish for slates backed by these two communities; and they are negotiating what appears to be a fragile governing coalition. Sunni Arabs mostly boycotted. See CRS Report RL31339, Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance.
Date:
March 11, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance
Large-scale reconstruction assistance programs are being undertaken by the United States following the war with Iraq. To fund such programs, Congress approved on April 12, 2003, a $2.48 billion Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) in the FY2003 Supplemental Appropriation. On November 6, 2003, the President signed into law P.L. 108-106, the FY2004 Emergency Supplemental Appropriation, providing $18.4 billion for Iraq reconstruction. Contributions pledged at the October 24, 2003, Madrid donor conference by other donors amounted to roughly $3.6 billion in grant aid and as much as $13.3 billion in possible loans. This report describes recent developments in this assistance effort.
Date:
March 23, 2005
Creator:
Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties
This report provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003.
Date:
December 16, 2005
Creator:
Fischer, Hannah & O'Bryant, JoAnne
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties
This report provides a table of casualties that was compiled by the Department of Defense (DOD), as tallied from DOD press releases. Table 1 provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, and is ongoing, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003.
Date:
April 4, 2005
Creator:
Fischer, Hannah
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties
This report presents casualty data compiled by the Department of Defense (DOD), as tallied from the agency’s press releases.
Date:
June 6, 2005
Creator:
Fischer, Hannah
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces
This report provides a summary estimate of military forces reported to have been deployed to and subsequently withdrawn from the U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) Area of Responsibility (AOR), popularly called the Persian Gulf region, to support Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Date:
May 23, 2005
Creator:
Carter, Linwood B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Military Operations
Iraq’s chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons programs, together with Iraqi long-range missile development and support for al-Queda terrorism, were the primary justifications put forward for military action. On March 17, 2003, President Bush issued an ultimatum demanding that Saddam Hussein and his sons depart from Iraq within 48 hours. On March 19, offensive operations began with air strikes against Iraqi leadership positions. By April 15, after 27 days of operations, coalition forces were in relative control of all major Iraqi cities and Iraqi political and military leadership had disintegrated. On May 1, 2003, President Bush declared an end to major combat operations. There was no use of chemical or biological (CB)weapons, and no CB or nuclear weapons stockpiles or production facilities have been found.
Date:
July 5, 2005
Creator:
Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Military Operations
None
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
None
Date:
June 27, 2005
Creator:
Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
None
Date:
March 2, 2005
Creator:
Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
This report provides an annotated list of U.N. agencies that are involved in Iraq, key U.S. government agencies, and a sample list of major international and U.S.- based aid organizations that are providing humanitarian assistance to Iraq. Internet links to the U.N. agencies and humanitarian aid organizations are also provided.
Date:
December 6, 2005
Creator:
Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq's New Security Forces: The Challenge of Sectarian and Ethnic Influences
None
Date:
March 25, 2005
Creator:
Sharp, Jeremy M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq’s Trade with the World: Data and Analysis
This report provides detailed trade information and statistics on Iraq’s trade with the world from 2001 to 2003, highlighting its major trading partners. Data on U.S. trade with Iraq from 2002 to 2004 are also provided.
Date:
March 25, 2005
Creator:
Jones, Vivian C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq
None
Date:
March 14, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth & Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library