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Presidential Succession: An Overview with Analysis of Legislation Proposed in the 109th Congress
Whenever the office of President of the United States becomes vacant due to “removal ... death or resignation” of the chief executive, the Constitution provides that “the Vice President shall become President.” When the office of Vice President becomes vacant for any reason, the President nominates a successor, who must be confirmed by a majority vote of both houses of Congress. If both of these offices are vacant simultaneously, then, under the Succession Act of 1947, the Speaker of the House of Representatives becomes President, after resigning from the House and as Speaker. If the speakership is also vacant, then the President Pro Tempore of the Senate becomes President, after resigning from the Senate and as President Pro Tempore. If both of these offices are vacant, or if the incumbents fail to qualify for any reason, then cabinet officers are eligible to succeed, in the order established by law (3 U.S.C. §19, see Table 3). In every case, a potential successor must be duly sworn in his or her previous office, and must meet other constitutional requirements for the presidency, i.e., be at least 35 years of age, a “natural born citizen,” and for 14 years, a “resident within the …
Date:
June 29, 2005
Creator:
Neale, Thomas H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China’s Currency: U.S. Options
In recent years, the United States and China have disagreed whether China’s national currency, the yuan or renminbi, is properly valued compared to the U.S. dollar and whether China is manipulating its currency.1 The United States has pushed China to raise the value of its currency. Chinese officials say they want to make their exchange rate system more flexible, but China also needs long-term stability in its currency value in order to avoid dislocations. Chinese officials also say they will not bow to foreign pressure. China announced a new exchange rate procedure on July 21, 2005. This report summarizes this controversy, it describes actions and positions taken by the United States, China and other countries, and it discusses various approaches the United States might use to address this concern.
Date:
July 29, 2005
Creator:
Sanford, Jonathan E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP): Formula and Estimated Allocation Rates
None
Date:
April 29, 2005
Creator:
Whittaker, Julie M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Part B Premium Penalty
None
Date:
June 29, 2005
Creator:
O'Sullivan, Jennifer
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cash Balance Pension Plans: Selected Legal Issues
Over the past few years, cash balance pension plans have received significant attention. In particular, three issues have been controversial: the negative effect of a plan conversion on older employees due to wear-away, the whipsaw effect that may occur when computing a lump-sum payment of benefits prior to normal retirement age, and the claim that these plans violate federal laws prohibiting age discrimination. This report discusses the wear-away and whipsaw issues, a proposal by the Treasury Department that addresses them, and relevant legislation introduced in the 109th Congress (H.R. 2830 and S. 1304).
Date:
July 29, 2005
Creator:
Lunder, Erika & Staman, Jennifer
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Middle East Peace Talks
After the first Gulf war, in 1991, a new the peace process was begun, with Israel and the Palestinians discussing a five-year period of interim self-rule leading to a final settlement. Israel and Syria discussed Israeli withdrawal from the Golan Heights in exchange for peace. Israel and Jordan discussed relations. Israel and Lebanon focused on Israel’s withdrawal from its self-declared security zone in south Lebanon and reciprocal Lebanese actions.
Date:
September 29, 2005
Creator:
Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense: FY2006 Authorization and Appropriations
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Defense. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant to the issues covered and related CRS products.
Date:
September 29, 2005
Creator:
Daggett, Stephen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1997-2004
This report is prepared annually to provide unclassified quantitative data on conventional arms transfers to developing nations by the United States and foreign countries for the preceding eight calendar years. Some general data are provided on worldwide conventional arms transfers, but the principal focus is the level of arms transfers by major weapons suppliers to nations in the developing world. The data in the report illustrate how global patterns of conventional arms transfers have changed in the post-Cold War and post-Persian Gulf War years.
Date:
August 29, 2005
Creator:
Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Emergency Food and Shelter Program
The Emergency Food and Shelter (EFS) Program allocates funds to local communities to fund homeless programs including soup kitchens, food banks, shelters, and homeless prevention services. The EFS program is part of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and after Hurricane Katrina struck, some questions have arisen about the use of EFS program funds for Presidentially-declared disasters. This report describes how the EFS program operates through a National Board, local boards, and local recipient organizations. It further discusses the use of EFS program funds during disasters, and recent attempts to move the program from FEMA to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Date:
September 29, 2005
Creator:
Perl, Libby
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Disaster Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries
This report summarizes principal federal disaster assistance programs for possible use by Members of Congress and staff in helping address the needs of constituents. A number of federal agencies provide assistance to victims; to state, territorial, and local governments; and to nongovernmental entities following a disaster. Among other forms of assistance, federal programs can provide grants, loans, loan guarantees, temporary housing, and counseling.
Date:
August 29, 2005
Creator:
Jordan, Mary
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Stafford Act Disaster Assistance: Presidential Declarations, Eligible Activities, and Funding
The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act) authorizes the President to issue a major disaster declaration to speed a wide range of federal aid to states determined to be overwhelmed by hurricanes or other catastrophes. Financing for the aid is appropriated to the Disaster Relief Fund(DRF), administered by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Funds appropriated to the DRF remain available until expended (a “no-year” account). The Stafford Act authorizes temporary housing, grants for immediate needs of families and individuals, the repair of public infrastructure, emergency communications systems, and other forms of assistance.
Date:
August 29, 2005
Creator:
Bea, Keith
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hurricane-Damaged Drinking Water and Wastewater Facilities: Impacts, Needs, and Response
None
Date:
September 29, 2005
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aging Infrastructure: Dam Safety
To help inform discussions on the federal role in dam safety, this report provides background information on the nation’s dam safety activities and funding mechanisms.
Date:
September 29, 2005
Creator:
Powers, Kyna
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Government's Long-Term Fiscal Shortfall: How Much is Attributable to Social Security?
One reason that Social Security reform is on the congressional agenda is the large projected long-term fiscal shortfall facing Social Security, estimated at an average of 0.9% of gross domestic product (GDP) between now and 2080. But relatively little attention has been given to the potential long-term shortfall faced by the rest of the government, which is estimated to be more than 6.5 times larger than Social Security’s shortfall
Date:
August 29, 2005
Creator:
Labonte, Marc
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of Joint Committee on Taxation's Staff Proposals Relating to Charitable Contributions
None
Date:
July 29, 2005
Creator:
Lunder, Erika
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Waiver of EPA Regulations: Authorities and Legislative Proposals in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
This report reviews some of the environmental laws that could affect response and recovery actions, discusses existing waiver authority, and identifies issues raised by proposals to grant new waiver authority. The focus of the report is on regulatory programs administered by EPA, including the Clean Water Act, Superfund, and the Clean Air Act. In the short term, in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, environmental regulations do not appear to have posed an obstacle to local, state, federal, or private response efforts, in part because existing waiver or flexibility provisions were used in certain cases.
Date:
September 29, 2005
Creator:
McCarthy, James E. & Copeland, Claudia
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Child Welfare: State Performance on Child and Family Services Reviews
This report begins with a short history of the legislation and other factors that led to the creation of the current CFSR and then briefly describes how a CFSR is conducted and what “substantial conformity” with federal child welfare policy means in the context of this review. Much has been made of the fact that no state was found to be in substantial conformity with all aspects of federal policy reviewed during the initial (FY2001-FY2004) round of the CFSRs. This report seeks to better understand that fact by looking closely at state performance on each of the performance indicators that determined compliance.
Date:
June 29, 2005
Creator:
Stoltzfus, Emilie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Competitive Sourcing Legislation
Competitive sourcing is a government-wide initiative that subjects commercial activities performed by federal government employees to public-private competition. As a federal government policy, competitive sourcing debuted in 1966 with the publication of Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76. Under the circular, commercial activities performed by federal employees are subjected to public-private competition.
Date:
March 29, 2005
Creator:
Halchin, L. Elaine
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mexican Workers in the United States: A Comparison with Workers from Social Security Totalization Countries
On June 29, 2004, the United States and Mexico signed a Social Security totalization agreement, the effects of which depend on the yet to be disclosed language of the agreement. A totalization agreement coordinates the payment of Social Security taxes and benefits for workers who divide their careers between two countries. The agreement has not been transmitted to Congress for review, which is required under law before the agreement can go into effect. This report does not attempt to estimate the potential cost of a totalization agreement with Mexico or reach a conclusion on the effects of such an agreement on U.S. workers and employers. Instead, this report explores one of the issues concerning such an agreement.
Date:
July 29, 2005
Creator:
Siskin, Alison & Mayer, Gerald
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Seawall in Galveston
Seawall in Galveston, Texas
Date:
October 29, 2005
Creator:
Belden, Dreanna L.
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Seawall Boulevard, Galveston
Seawall Boulevard, Galveston, facing northeast
Date:
October 29, 2005
Creator:
Belden, Dreanna L.
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Galveston-Bolivar Ferryboat, Ray Stoker Jr.
Photograph of a Galveston-Bolivar Ferryboat, the Ray Stoker Jr., unloading in Galveston.
Date:
October 29, 2005
Creator:
Belden, Dreanna L.
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Galveston-Bolivar Ferryboat, a ride on the Ray Stoker Jr.
Photograph of a ride on the Ray Stoker Jr., a Galveston-Bolivar Ferryboat.
Date:
October 29, 2005
Creator:
Belden, Dreanna L.
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Seawall marker, Galveston
United States. Extension of Sea Wall, from 39th to 53rd. Sts., constructed under the direction of Captain Edgar Jadwin, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army. Nov. 1904 - Sep 1905.
Date:
October 29, 2005
Creator:
Belden, Dreanna L.
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History