Determination of invariant-plane strain crystallographic solutions for martensitic transformation between the FCC delta and monoclinic ..cap alpha.. phases in plutonium alloys, using three possible lattice correspondences and 53 possible lattice-invariant shear systems, identifies the most probable delta-..cap alpha.. lattice correspondence. The operative lattice-invariant shear systems are predicted by comparison of both shape strain magnitudes and computed interfacial energies. For delta ..-->.. ..cap alpha.. transformation twinning on (001) (100)/sub ..cap alpha../ is favored, giving a (.817, .538, .208)/sub delta/ habit and a (.947, .269, .174)/sub delta/ shape strain of magnitude m/sub 1/ = .324. The ..cap alpha.. ..-->.. delta transformation favors slip on (111) (101)/sub delta/, giving a (.255, .844, .471)/sub ..cap alpha../ habit and (.822, .466, .355)/sub ..cap alpha../ shape strain of magnitude m/sub 1/ = .417.

The continuing requests for both shaped and flat, very low areal density metal foils have led to the development of metallurgical quality, high strength products. Intent of this paper is to show methods of forming structures on various substrates using periodic vapor interruptions, alternating anodes, and mechanical peening to alter otherwise unacceptable grain morphology which both lowers tensile strength and causes high stresses in thin films. The three technologies, physical vapor deposition, electrochemistry, and chemical vapor deposition and their thin film products can benefit from the use of laminate technology and control of grain structure morphology through the use of materials research and technology.

This paper addresses specific and unique chemical engineering aspects of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Plant. This paper also addresses the glass melter and those processes that are directly coupled to it. A somewhat disproportionate emphasis is given to sludge pretreatment, for the sake of completeness in this session. We have attempted to focus on those features of the DWPF that may be of general interest or even useful to the practicing chemical engineer.

In 1980, the US Department of Energy gave the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory approval to design and build a tandem Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B) to support the goals of the National Mirror Program. We designed the MFTF-B vacuum vessel both to maintain the required ultrahigh vacuum environment and to structurally support the 42 superconducting magnets plus auxiliary internal and external equipment. During our design work, we made extensive use of both simple and complex computer models to arrive at a cost-effective final configuration. As part of this work, we conducted a unique dynamic analysis to study the interaction of the 32,000-tonne concrete-shielding vault with the 2850-tonne vacuum vessel system. To maintain a vacuum of 2 x 10/sup -8/ torr during the physics experiments inside the vessel, we designed a vacuum pumping system of enormous capacity. The vacuum vessel (4200-m/sup 3/ internal volume) has been fabricated and erected, and acceptance tests have been completed at the Livermore site. The rest of the machine has been assembled, and individual systems have been successfully checked. On October 1, 1985, we began a series of integrated engineering tests to verify the operation of all components as a complete system.

A method is developed for predicting cutter forces, temperatures, and wear on PDC bits as well as integrated bit performance parameters such as weight-on-bit (WOB), drilling torque, and bit imbalance. A computer code called PDCWEAR has been developed to make this method available as a tool for general bit design. The method uses single-cutter data to provide a measure of rock drillability and employs theoretical considerations to account for interaction among closely spaced cutters on the bit. Experimental data are presented to establish the effects of cutter size and wearflat area on the forces that develop during rock cutting. Waterjet assistance is shown to significantly reduce cutting forces, thereby extending bit life and reducing WOB and torque requirements in hard rock. The effects of bit profile, cutter placement density, bit rotary speed, and wear mode on bit life and drilling performance are investigated. 21 refs., 34 figs., 4 tabs.

None

Synchrotron radiation, when used for x-ray fluorescence (XRF) has several advantages over conventional x-ray sources. Our group at Brookhaven National Laboratory is developing the equipment and expertise to make XRF measurements with synchrotron radiation. The apparatus is briefly described, along with the alignment techniques. Some minimum detectable limits for trace elements in thin biological standards measured with white light irradiations are presented.

The atomic and molecular processes that play a principal role in negative ion formation in a hydrogen negative ion discharge are discussed. The collisions of energetic electrons with gas molecules within the discharge lead to vibrationally excited molecules. Thermal electrons in turn attach to these excited molecules and generate negative ions via the dissociative attachment process. A system geometry chosen to optimize these collision processes is discussed that consists of a high-power discharge in tandem with a low electron temperature bath, the two regions separated by a magnetic filter. The current density extracted from such a system is found to scale inversely with the system scale length provided the gas density and electron density are also increased inversely with scale length. If a system is scaled downward in size to provide a new beamlet but one with increased current density, and these beamlets are packed to fill the original dimension, the new total extracted current will exceed the original total current by the scale factor. The emittance, epsilon, of the new system remains unchanged. The brightness, J/epsilon/sup 2/, of the new system will also be increased in proportion to the scale factor. 4 refs., 2 figs.

Photon (Gamma-Ray) KERMA factors calculated from the LLNL EGDL (Evaluated Gamma-Ray Data Library) file are tabulated for the elements from Z=1 to Z=30 and for 15 composite materials. The KERMA factors are presented for 191 energy groups over the incident photon energy range from 100 eV to 100 MeV. 3 refs.

Radiation levels inside the final focus alcoves are calculated from the main dump, tune-up dumps, and adjustable collimators. Neutron calculations are done for giant resonance neutrons. Fluences of neutrons and photons in the alcoves are determined. It is concluded that, if the beam losses do indeed occur as believed, many of the electronic components in the alcoves will begin to fail after a very short running period. (LEW)

An Atomic Physics Facility (APF) based on the combination of photons produced by a synchrotron light source with heavy ions in a storage ring will open the way to the study of ionic states of almost all elements. The design considerations for such a facility are discussed in terms of the use of synchrotron radiation for photoexcitation and ionization experiments. Design considerations for an APF are given in terms of the accelerator facilities presently available at BNL which include the National Synchrotron Light Source and Tandem Van de Graaff Laboratory. The results show that the concept is valid and therefore that implementation would result in entirely new capabilities for the study of multiply-ionized atoms.

This presentation provides an appreciation for the tremendous chemical processing challenges met in the development of the Defense Waste Process Facility (DWPF) process. The DWPF is presently under construction and is due for completion in 1989. Before radioactive waste is introduced to the DWPF in late 1989, the remote operation of all equipment and all process steps must be demonstrated.

Over a wide range of incident energies, the total cross section and angular distributions for elastic scattering of neutrons from nuclei in these mass regions are analyzed using the spherical-optical-statistical model. The effect of a real-surface-peaked potential, predicted by dispersion relations, is considered. It is found that when the data on a given nucleus between say, 4.5 and 10 MeV, are analyzed simultaneously one obtains a smooth energy variation of the optical model parameters. Moreover, this parameterization may be used to predict, quite accurately, at least the total cross sections up to 20 MeV. The parameters characterizing the model are quite different in the two mass regions. However, a comparison of the optical model results for (/sup 89/Y and /sup 93/Nb indicates that near A = 90 the real well parameters are nearly the same for the two nuclei and that the volume integrals of the imaginary potentials are similar. 16 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

A detailed model for the dynamic resistivity of an exploding conductor presents many difficulties. An electrically-exploded conductor undergoes significant hydrodynamic expansion as it is heated. Resistivity is a function of both the temperature and density of a conductor and realistic models for resistivity over the range of parameter space experienced by an exploding conductor are quite complex. See for example, the model of Lee and More (1984). Calculation of the hydrodynamic expansion of the conductor during and subsequent to the explosion is likewise dependent on detailed knowledge of the equation of state for the conductor in a range where few experimental data exist. A further complication is the strong magnetic field which couples the hydrodynamic expansion to the currents flowing in the expanding material. In spite of the difficulties, progress is being made on detailed modeling of fuses and exploding conductors (Lidemuth and co-workers, 1985). A simpler approach has proved to be quite useful for modeling the electrical behavior of exploding bridgewire and slapper detonators and for modeling the explosionss of large conductors exploded with large capacitor banks. In the work described here, a simple, empirical model was developed which can be expressed as a closed-form algebraic expression involving four …

We are reporting EPR results obtained with uranium powder samples fully oxidized in dry air, water vapor, and air/water vapor mixtures. The results reported previously are confirmed and additional paramagnetic centers, associated with chemisorbed species, have been identified. The temperature dependence of the g-value for these centers from room temperature to 10K is also reported.

Limits of acceptable radiation levels relative to winding pack current densities in the toroidal field (TF) coils is given for relevant reactor designs. Force cooled conductors are stipulated in this study. The maximum field which can be supported while maintaining adequate stability and the ability to protect the coils in the event of a quench to end of the machine life is reported to be 6T. TF configuration, winding pack design, heat removal, stability, copper fraction and effect of damage, limiting current, and protection are discussed. 12 refs., 2 tabs. (WRF)

Beam cooling methods developed for the accumulation of antiprotons are being employed to assist in the performance of experiments in Nuclear and Particle Physics with ion beams stored in storage rings. The physics of beam cooling, and the ranges of utility of stochastic and electron cooling are discussed in this paper.

This project was designed to investigate the properties of the rare-earth phosphate glasses CeO{sub 2}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Pr{sub 2}O{sub 3}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} for potential use as radioactive waste glasses. The research involved determination of the glass-forming region, loading capacity, and optimum processing parameters of the glasses. Structural studies of the unloaded host glasses and glasses loaded with simulated waste elements were to be done using Raman, infrared and infrared reflection spectroscopy. Leach testing and spectroscopic studies of the corroded surfaces were also to be performed.

This project was designed to investigate the properties of the rare-earth phosphate glasses CeO{sub 2}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Pr{sub 2}O{sub 3}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} for potential use as radioactive waste glasses. The research involved determination of the glass-forming region, loading capacity, and optimum processing parameters of the glasses. Structural studies of the unloaded host glasses and glasses loaded with simulated waste elements were to be done using Raman, infrared and infrared reflection spectroscopy. Leach testing and spectroscopic studies of the corroded surfaces were also to be performed.

The goal of the Argonne Positive Ion Injector project is to replace the ATLAS tandem injector with a facility which will increase the beam currents presently available by a factor of 100 and to make available at ATLAS essentially all beams including uranium. The beam quality expected from the facility will be at least as good as that of the tandem based ATLAS. The project combines two relatively new technologies - the electron cyclotron resonance ion source, which provides high charge state ions at microampere currents, and RF superconductivity which has been shown to be capable of generating accelerating fields as high as 10 MV/m, resulting in an essentially new method of acceleration for low-energy heavy ions.

This report summarizes efforts made by the Seismological Laboratory toward the detection and delineation of shallow crustal zones in the western Great Basin, and toward the development of methods to accomplish such detection. The work centers around the recently-active volcanic center near Long Valley, California. The work effort is broken down into three tasks: (1) network operations, (2) data analysis and interpretation, and (3) the study of shallow crustal amomalies (magma bodies). Section (1) describes the efforts made to record thousand of earthquakes near the Long Valley caldera, and focusses on the results obtained for the November 1984 round Valley earthquake. Section (2) describes the major effort of this contract, which was to quantify the large volume of seismic data being recorded as it pertains to the goals of this contract. Efforts described herein include (1) analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms, and (2) the classification, categorization, and interpretation of unusual seismic phases in terms of reflections and refractions from shallow-crustal anomalous zones. Section (3) summarizes the status of our research to date on the locations of magma bodies, with particular emphasis on a location corresponding to the map location of the south end of Hilton Creek fault. Five lines of …

This note defines I and C formal names for beamline components in the Arc as specified in the TRANSPORT decks ARCN FINAL and ARCS FINAL of June 5, 1985. The formal name consists of three fields: the primary name, the zone and the unit number. The general principles and guidelines are explained in Reference 1. The rationale and the final resolutions of the naming conventions for the Arc are explained.

Heavy atoms and ions offer an interesting opportunity to study atomic physics in a region where the atomic structure is dominated by the interelectronic interactions. One illustration of this is the profound term dependence of atomic orbitals for certain configurations of heavy atoms and ions. The appearance of giant scattering resonances in the cross sections for ionization of heavy atoms by electron impact is a manifestation of resonance behavior. Such resonant structures arise from the double well nature of the scattering potential and have recently been identified in the cross sections for the electron impact ionization of several xenon-like ions. The results of calculations showing effects for a variety of other ions are summarized. 7 refs., 4 figs.

The N-Reactor probabilistic risk assessment adaption of the modular logic approach for fault tree modeling has led to the update of the master logic diagram (MLD) nomenclature to conform with a standard modular-logic-model-nomeclature format. This report describes the MLD nomenclature system and provides a listing of the updated MLD label codes, along with the original codes.