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1,111 Matching Results
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Scrape-off profiles and effects of limiter pumping in Tore Supra
A one dimensional plasma scrape-off model was used to simulate Tore Supra discharges which are limited by various combinations of the pumped and inner limiters. Scrape-off profiles of the electron density and temperature, ion temperature, and neutral density are given. For each case, various fractions of the ion flux to the neutralizers were assumed to be pumped. Modifications of the scrap-off profiles caused by pumping are predicted. Pumping efficiencies are calculated including the effects of flux amplification caused by recycling. The pumping efficiency is estimated to be 8% for low-power discharges formed on the outer pumped limiter, 7.5% for intermediate-power discharges formed on the seven-module pumped-limiter system, and 5% for full-power discharges formed on both the inner limiter and the pumped-limiter system. The maximum particle removal rate is estimated to be 150 Tl/s.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Budny, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Incorporation of the KERN ECDS-PC software into a project oriented software environment
The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is in the process of building a new particle collider, the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). The tunnel which houses the SLC is about 3 km long and contains approximately 1000 magnets. Besides a very precise absolute positioning of these magnets, the alignment of adjacent magnet ends is of particular importance to the success of the whole project. Because of this and the limited time frame, a survey method which was not only reliable and self-checking but also fast had to be developed. Therefore, the concept of MAS (Magnet Alignment System) was developed. This system utilizes the on-line data collection and the rigorous least-squares bundle adjustment of the KERN ECDS-PC system to fulfill these requirements. The ECDS software is embedded in a project tailored software system with modules which take care of: fixture and magnet calibration corrections, the calculation of ideal coordinates and their comparison to measured coordinates, the translation of detected misalignments into the coordinate system of the mechanical adjustments and the control of the adjustments with on-line electronic dial-gauges. This paper gives a brief introduction to the SLC project and some of the survey problems which are unique to this machine. The basic …
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Oren, W.; Pushor, R. & Ruland, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Production and shielding of x rays from electron beam vapor sources
Electron-beam vapor sources are now widely used in material processing sciences and coating technologies, such as the semiconductor industry for producing aluminum films on Si wafers; the metallurgical industry for melting, evaporating, and refining metals; and at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for vaporizing metals for laser isotope separation applications. Power for these sources ranges from the kW regime in the semiconductor industry to the multi-MW regime in laser separation technology. Operations of these sources can generate copious amounts of x rays by the direct and indirect interactions of the energetic electrons with the target materials. In this paper, we present the results of our calculations regarding the x-ray emission intensity, angular intensity and energy spectrum distribution, and shielding characteristics for vapor sources with acceleration voltages from 10 kV to 60 kV. 4 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
November 14, 1986
Creator:
Singh, M.S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of existing residential energy efficiency certification and rating programs
This report was prepared for the Office of Buildings and Community Systems, US Department of Energy (DOE). The principal objective of the report is to present information on existing Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS) and their features. Much of the information in this report updates a 1982 report (PNL-4359), also prepared by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for DOE. Secondary objectives of the report are to qualitatively examine the benefits and costs of HERS programs, review survey results on the attitudes of various user groups toward the programs, and discuss selected design and implementation issues.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Hendrickson, P.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A note on the relationship between the emittance, the beta function and the energy in a linear collider
Scaling laws for linear colliders are considered for the case of laterally round Gaussian beams and for the case that mutual pinching of the beams can be ignored. Based on these assumptions, the relationship is found between the interaction area, beta function, beam emittance, and energy for a linear collider in order to show the need for substantial improvements in the feasible values of accelerator parameters to reach a center of mass energy of 0.7 TeV. Pinch is then taken into account. (LEW)
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Rees, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wildlife Protection, Mitigation, and Enhancement Plan, Palisades Project: Final Report.
Under direction of the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980 and the subsequent Northwest Power Planning Council's Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, projects have been developed in Idaho and Wyoming to mitigate the losses of wildlife habitat and annual production due to the development and operation of the Palisades Project. A modified Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) was used to assess the benefits of the preferred mitigation plan to wildlife. The interagency work group used the target species Habitat Units (HU's) lost with inundation of the reservoir area as a guideline during the mitigation planning process, while considering needs of wildlife in eastern Idaho and western Wyoming. A total of 37,068 HU's were estimated to be lost as a result of the inundation of the Palisades Reservoir area. Through a series of protection/enhancement projects, the preferred mitigation plan will provide benefits of an estimated 37,066 HU's. Target species to be benefited by this mitigation plan include bald eagle, mule deer, elk, mallard, Canada goose, mink, yellow warbler, black-capped chickadee, ruffed grouse, and peregrine falcon.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Meuleman, G. Allyn
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal enhancement of mineral processing in Nevada: Final report, April 25, 1985-June 30, 1986
This report reviews mineral recovery techniques practiced at active mines throughout Nevada and determines those that may be enhanced by the application of geothermal heat energy from a nearby resource. Of the thirty-two active precious metal mines identified, ten have hot water on or near the property and could potentially benefit. A second purpose was to collect ore samples and geothermal fluids, determine if they are compatible in the hydrometallurgical process, and carry out laboratory tests to determine the effects of heating on recovery rates. In addition, interfering or counterproductive factors were also identified. The laboratory work consisted of measuring the effects of thermally enhancing two hydrometallurgical processes; cyanide heap-leaching of gold and silver ores and bacterial leaching of sulfide rich gold ores. Thermally enhanced cyanide heap-leaching of gold and silver ores produced increases in extraction ranging from 8 to 20% for gold and 17 to 40% for silver. The temperature required for these increases is 35/sup 0/C to 40/sup 0/C, well within the range of available geothermal resources.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Flynn, T.; Trexler, D.T. & Hendrix, J.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Space-charge limits on the transport of ion beams in a long alternating gradient system
We have experimentally studied the space-charge-dominated transport of ion beams in an alternating-gradient channel, without acceleration. We parameterize the focusing strength in terms of the zero-current ''betatron'' oscillation phase advance rate, sigma/sub 0/ (degrees per focusing period). We have investigated the conditions for ''stability'', defined as the constancy of the total current and phase space area of the beam during transport. We find that the beam may be transported with neither loss of current nor growth in phase area if sigma/sub 0/ < 90/sup 0/. In this regime, the space-charge repulsive force can counter 98-99% of the externally applied focusing field, and the oscillation frequency of the beam particles can be depressed by self-forces to almost a factor of 10 below the zero-current value, limited only by the optical quality of our ion source. For sigma/sub 0/ > 90/sup 0/, we find that collective interactions bound the maintainable density of the beam, and we present a simple, semi-empirical characterization for stability, within our ability to distinguish the growth rate from zero in our apparatus. Our channel comprises 87 quadrupole lenses, 5 of which are used to prepare the beam for injection into the non-azimuthally-symmetric focusing channel.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Tiefenback, M.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Personal dosimetry in a mixed field of high energy muons and neutrons
High energy accelerators quite often emit muons. These particles behave in matter as would heavy electrons and are thus difficult to attenuate with shielding in many situations. Hence, these muons can be a source of radiation exposure to personnel and suitable methods of measuring the absorbed dose received to these people is obviously required. In practical situations, such muon radiation fields are often mixed with neutrons, well-known to be an even more troublesome particle species with respect to dosimetry. In this paper, we report on fluence measurements made in such a mixed radiation field and a comparison of dosimeter responses. We conclude that commercial self-reading dosimeters and film badges provided an adequate measure of the absorbed dose due to muons.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Cossairt, J.D. & Elwyn, A.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Plutonium inclusion analysis
A series of plutonium samples from the direct oxide reduction process was received from Process Chemistry. Two specimens were selected for analysis: a tantalum stirrer that was above the plutonium metal, and a tantalum stirrer that was immersed in the plutonium metal.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Reifenberg, D.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Relevance of Biotic Pathways to the Long-Term Regulation of Nuclear Waste Disposal: Phase 2, Final Report
The results reported here establish the relevance and propose a method for including biotic transport in the assessment and licensing process for commercial low-level waste disposal sites. Earlier work identified the biotic transport mechanisms and process scenarios linking biotic transport with dose to man, and developed models for assessment of impacts. Model modification and improvement efforts in enhancing the ability to represent soil erosion and soil transport within the trench cover. Two alternative hypotheses on plant root uptake were incorporated into the model to represent transport of radionuclides by roots that penetrate the buried waste. Enhancements were also made to the scenario for future site intruder activities. Representation of waste package decomposition in the model was confirmed as the best available alternative. Results from sensitivity analyses indicate that additional information is needed to evaluate the alternative hypotheses for plant root uptake of buried wastes. Site-specific evaluations of the contribution from biotic transport to the potential dose to man establish the relevance in the assessment process. The BIOPORT/MAXI1 computer software package is proposed for dose assessments of commercial low-level waste disposal sites.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
McKenzie, D. H.; Cadwell, L. L.; Kennedy, W. E., Jr.; Prohammer, L. A. & Simmons, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Induction linacs for heavy ion fusion
Experimental progress to date has strengthened our belief in the soundness and attractiveness of the heavy ion method for fusion. What surprises that have shown up in the laboratory (e.g., in SBTE) have all been of the pleasant kind so far. The systems assessment has supported the view that the heavy ion approach can lead to economically attractive electric power and that a wide variety of options exists in all parameters. The systems work has also been of great help in pointing the way for the research and development activities.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Keefe, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Innovative approaches to inertial confinement fusion reactors: Final report
Three areas of innovative approaches to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) reactor design are given. First, issues pertaining to the Cascade reactor concept are discussed. Then, several innovative concepts are presented which attempt to directly recover the blast energy from a fusion target. Finally, the Turbostar concept for direct recovery of that energy is evaluated. The Cascade issues discussed are combustion of the carbon granules in the event of air ingress, the use of alternate granule materials, and the effect of changes in carbon flow on details of the heat exchanger. Carbon combustion turns out to be a minor problem. Four ICF innovative concepts were considered: a turbine with ablating surfaces, a liquid piston system, a wave generator, and a resonating pump. In the final analysis, none show any real promise. The Turbostar concept of direct recovery is a very interesting idea and appeared technically viable. However, it shows no efficiency gain or any decrease in capital cost compared to reactors with conventional thermal conversion systems. Attempts to improve it by placing a close-in lithium sphere around the target to increase gas generation increased efficiency only slightly. It is concluded that these direct conversion techniques require thermalization of the x-ray and …
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Bourque, R.F. & Schultz, K.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Positron deposition in plasmas by positronium beam ionization and transport of positrons in tokamak plasmas
In a recently proposed positron transport experiment, positrons would be deposited in a fusion plasma by forming a positronium (Ps) beam and passing it through the plasma. Positrons would be deposited as the beam is ionized by plasma ions and electrons. Radial transport of the positrons to the limiter could then be measured by detecting the gamma radiation produced by annihilation of positrons with electrons in the limiter. This would allow measurements of the transport of electron-mass particles and might shed some light on the mechanisms of electron transport in fusion plasmas. In this paper, the deposition and transport of positrons in a tokamak are simulated and the annihilation signal determined for several transport models. Calculations of the expected signals are necessary for the optimal design of a positron transport experiment. There are several mechanisms for the loss of positrons besides transport to the limiter. Annihilation with plasma electrons and reformation of positronium in positron-hydrogen collisions are two such processes. These processes can alter the signal and place restrictions ons on the plasma conditions in which positron transport experiments can be effectively performed.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Murphy, T.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bounds on Galactic Cold Dark Matter Particle Candidates and Solar Axions From a Ge-Spectrometer
The ultralow background Ge spectrometer developed by the USC/PNL group is used as a detector of cold dark matter candidates from the halo of our galaxy and of solar axions (and other light bosons), yielding interesting bounds. Some of them are: heavy standard Dirac neutrinos with mass 20 GeV less than or equal to m less than or equal to 1 TeV are excluded as main components of the halo of our galaxy; Dine-Fischler-Srednicki axion models with F/2x/sub e/' less than or equal to 0.5 x 10/sup 7/ GeV are excluded. 22 refs., 7 figs.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Gelmini, G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ANDROS: A code for Assessment of Nuclide Doses and Risks with Option Selection
ANDROS (Assessment of Nuclide Doses and Risks with Option Selection) is a computer code written to compute doses and health effects from atmospheric releases of radionuclides. ANDROS has been designed as an integral part of the CRRIS (Computerized Radiological Risk Investigation System). ANDROS reads air concentrations and environmental concentrations of radionuclides to produce tables of specified doses and health effects to selected organs via selected pathways (e.g., ingestion or air immersion). The calculation may be done for an individual at a specific location or for the population of the whole assessment grid. The user may request tables of specific effects for every assessment grid location. Along with the radionuclide concentrations, the code requires radionuclide decay data, dose and risk factors, and location-specific data, all of which are available within the CRRIS. This document is a user manual for ANDROS and presents the methodology used in this code.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Begovich, C. L.; Sjoreen, A. L.; Ohr, S. Y. & Chester, R. O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Climatic indicators for estimating residential heating and cooling loads
An extensive data base of residential energy use generated with the DOE-2.1A simulation code provides an opportunity for correlating building loads predicted by an hourly simulation model to commonly used climatic parameters such as heating and cooling degree-days, and to newer parameters such as insolation-days and latent enthalpy-days. The identification of reliable climatic parameters for estimating cooling loads and the incremental loads for individual building components, such as changing ceiling and wall R-values, infiltration rates or window areas is emphasized.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Huang, Y. J.; Ritschard, R.; Bull, J. & Chang, L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Storage rings, internal targets and PEP
Storage rings with internal targets are described, using PEP as an example. The difference between electrons and heavier particles such as protons, antiprotons, and heavy ions is also discussed because it raises possibilities of bypass insertions for more exotic experiments. PEP is compared to other rings in various contexts to verify the assertion that it is an ideal ring for many fundamental and practical applications that can be carried on simultaneously. (LEW)
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Spencer, J.E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Validation of an intermediate heat exchanger model for real time analysis
A new method was presented for LMFBR intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) analysis in real time for purposes of continuous on-line data validation, plant state verification and fault identification. For the validation of this methodology the EBR-II IHX transient during Test 8A was analyzed. This paper presents the results of this analysis.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Tzanos, C.P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Yakima River Spring Chinook Enhancement Study, 1986 Annual Report.
A total of eight spring chinook redds were successfully capped in 1986. The mean survival to emergence was 56.7% and ranged from 21.9 to 90.0%. The spring outmigration at Wapatox was estimated to be 6671 smolts. The 1986 outmigration of wild spring chinook from the Yakima Basin was estimated to be 169,076 smolts at Prosser. The survival from egg to smolt was 4.6%, which gives a mean egg to smolt survival over four years of 5.1%. In 1986 a total of 8557 adult and 349 jack spring chinook salmon returning to the Yakima River were counted at Prosser fish ladder. An additional 530 fish were estimated to have been caught in the Yakima River subsistence dipnet fishery below Horn Rapids and Prosser Dams. This was the largest return of spring chinook salmon to the Yakima River in 29 years. The smolt to adult (S/sub sa/) survival was estimated to be 6102 wild three, four, and five year old fish returned from an estimated smolt outmigration of 135,548 fish in 1983. This gives an estimated survival from smolt to adult of 4.4%.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Fast, David E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An astrometric search for a stellar companion to the sun
A companion star within 0.8 pc of the Sun has been postulated to explain a possible 26 Myr periodicity in mass extinctions of species on the Earth. Such a star would already be catalogued in the Yale Bright Star catalogue unless it is fainter than m/sub nu/ = 6.5; this limits the possible stellar types for an unseen companion to red dwarfs, brown dwarfs, or compact objects. Red dwarfs account for about 75% of these possible stars. We describe here the design and development of an astrometric search for a nearby red dwarf companion with a six-month peak-to-peak parallax of greater than or equal to2.5 arcseconds. We are measuring the parallax of 2770 candidate faint red stars selected from the Dearborn Observatory catalogue. An automated 30-inch telescope and CCD camera system collect digitized images of the candidate stars, along with a 13' x 16' surrounding field of background stars. Second-epoch images, taken a few months later, are registered to the first epoch images using the background stars as fiducials. An apparent motion, m/sub a/, of the candidate stars is found to a precision of sigma/sub m//sub a/ approx. = 0.08 pixel approx. = 0.2 arcseconds for fields with N/sub fiducial/ …
Date:
November 25, 1986
Creator:
Perlmutter, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential polymer concrete heat exchanger tubes for corrosive environments
It has long been known that carbon steel exposed to some geothermal brines is aggressively attacked, and large corrosion allowances must be made in the design of piping used in such environments. In addition, scaling of the pipes reduces the flow through within a short period of time. Several high temperature polymer concretes have been developed which can be used as non-corrosive liner materials. In addition, polymer concretes with high thermal conductivities have been developed which may be used as heat exchanger tubes for geothermal brines. Studies have indicated that polymer concretes will not scale as rapidly as carbon steel does, thus making them attractive alternatives for heat exchanger tubes. Thin walled, thermally conductive polymer concrete tubes have been made that can withstand pressures >4.1 MPa at 150/sup 0/C without leaking. Continuing studies are being made to characterize these materials and evaluate them for heat exchanger applications.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Fontana, J.J.; Reams, W. & Cheng, H.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Augmented Fish Health Monitoring for Washington Department of Wildlife, 1987 Annual Report.
This report documents the progress of various tasks during the second year of a five year augmented fish health monitoring project. Fish at Washington Department of Wildlife hatcheries rearing anadromous fish for the Columbia River drainage were intensively monitored either annually, semi-annually, or monthly for various pathogens of concern. We have developed a database for documentation of the presence and severity, or absence of these pathogens. In addition, we are progressing in the development of disease histories for these stations. The installations have been examined for impediments to good fish health both in terms of physical (structural and water supply) problems and loading problems. Recommendations have been made to correct these difficulties. 2 refs., 3 figs., 16 tabs.
Date:
November 1986
Creator:
Gearheard, Jim
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
X-ray safety at the Los Alamos National Laboratory
An organized and structured safety program for x-ray generating devices was initiated in October, 1979. An X-ray Device Control Office was established to manage the program that currently oversees the activities of 201 x-ray generating devices and to provide SOP reviews, perform shielding calculations, and provide training for both the operators and health physics x-ray device surveyors. The new program also establishes controls for procurement of new equipment, requires the writing of Standard Operating Procedures, requires training for operators and provides routine and non-routine safety inspections of x-ray generating devices. Prior to this program going into effect, the Laboratory had recorded nine documented x-ray related exposure accidents. Since then, there have been none. Program elements and experiences of interest to other x-ray device users are discussed. 3 refs.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
Gutierrez, J.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library