This paper covers selected aspects of the acute and long term health effects excluding acute radiation syndrome and carcinogenesis, resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation. The changes addressed in this paper are those witnessed within an organ or whole body rather than at the molecular or even cellular level. They include acute and late health effects. Some of these effects are threshold effects, meaning that the dose must exceed a certain threshold before one sees these effects. Less than the threshold dose results in no observable organ or whole body effect. The severity of the effects correlate directly with the amount of cell damage or cell death that has occurred. 15 refs., 4 figs., 8 tabs.

Nuclear material entrained wastes are generated at the Plutonium Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. These wastes are removed from the glove box lines using the bagout method. This is a manual operation performed by technicians. An automated system is being developed to relieve the technicians from this task. The system will reduce the amount of accumulated radiation exposure to the worker. The primary components of the system consist of a six degree of freedom robot, a bag sealing device, and a small gantry robot. 1 ref., 5 figs.

The ultralow background Ge spectrometer developed by the USC/PNL group is used as a detector of cold dark matter candidates from the halo of our galaxy and of solar axions (and other light bosons), yielding interesting bounds. Some of them are: heavy standard Dirac neutrinos with mass 20 GeV less than or equal to m less than or equal to 1 TeV are excluded as main components of the halo of our galaxy; Dine-Fischler-Srednicki axion models with F/2x/sub e/' less than or equal to 0.5 x 10/sup 7/ GeV are excluded. 22 refs., 7 figs.

Coincidence measurements of charge transfer and simultaneous projectile electron excitation provide insight into correlated two-electron processes in energetic ion-atom collisions. Projectile excitation and electron capture can occur simultaneously in a collision of a highly charged ion with a target atom; this process is called resonant transfer and excitation (RTE). The intermediate excited state which is thus formed can subsequently decay by photon emission or by Auger-electron emission. Results are shown for RTE in both the K shell of Ca ions and the L shell of Nb ions, for simultaneous projectile electron loss and excitation, and for the effect of RTE on electron capture.

A chain-charge monitoring system was first installed in the 25URC accelerator in October 1982, and has provided valuable information about the charging system. Additions to the system during the past year have significantly increased the amount of information provided by the monitor. Cables connecting pickoff wheels and inductors in the terminal were improved to provide higher reliability of the charging system. The tube corona points supplied with the 25URC accelerator had a point-to-plane spacing of 0.175 inches. Our operating experience indicated that the corona currents for the normal gas pressure and voltage range of the accelerator were lower than optimum. Current-voltage characteristics of a three-needle point set were measured at several spacings and gas pressures to provide criteria for ordering new points.

An extensive data base of residential energy use generated with the DOE-2.1A simulation code provides an opportunity for correlating building loads predicted by an hourly simulation model to commonly used climatic parameters such as heating and cooling degree-days, and to newer parameters such as insolation-days and latent enthalpy-days. The identification of reliable climatic parameters for estimating cooling loads and the incremental loads for individual building components, such as changing ceiling and wall R-values, infiltration rates or window areas is emphasized.

A straightforward derivation is presented for the covariance matrix of evaluated cross sections based on the covariance matrix of the experimental data and propagation through nuclear model parameters. 10 refs.

An Atomic Physics Facility (APF) based on the combination of photons produced by a synchrotron light source with heavy ions in a storage ring will open the way to the study of ionic states of almost all elements. The design considerations for such a facility are discussed in terms of the use of synchrotron radiation for photoexcitation and ionization experiments. Design considerations for an APF are given in terms of the accelerator facilities presently available at BNL which include the National Synchrotron Light Source and Tandem Van de Graaff Laboratory. The results show that the concept is valid and therefore that implementation would result in entirely new capabilities for the study of multiply-ionized atoms.

Several developments affecting the possibility of Higgs detection are discussed. These include the level of certainty about the t quark mass, Monte Carlo programs to generate both signal and background events, and separation and/or enhancement of heavy quark jets from jets due to light quarks or gluons, and the possibility that the neutral Higgs decay into bottom quarks might be the decay mode of choice for detecting the intermediate mass Higgs. Possible means of detection of an intermediate mass Higgs at the SSC, particularly if a prominent decay mode is to bottom quarks, are examined, using the PYTHIA Monte Carlo program to generate both signal and background events. For the signal, events were generated in which Higgs bosons are created in proton-proton collisions, with the Higgs decaying into bottom quarks. The presence of W or Z bosons, created in the same proton-proton collision, is used to enhance the likelihood of Higgs production and to reduce the potentially enormous background. It is found that the Higgs decay to bottom quarks, if important, would be more favorable for detection of the Higgs than decay to top quarks was found to be because of the smaller background. 3 refs., 4 figs. (LEW)

The development of a polarized internal target at an electron store ring is of great interest for studies in nuclear physics. The deuterium nuclei acquire polarization via the hyperfine interaction after electron spin exchange with optically pumped potassium vapor. A high power laser which covers the entire doppler width and hyperfine splitting of the /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/ - /sup 2/P/sub 1/2/ transition in potassium has been developed. Spin relaxation rates for potassium on various wall coatings have been measured. A dri-film surface has been shown to preserve polarization (>100 bounces), be long-lived at elevated temperatures, and to be efficient at preventing deuterium recombination.

Fuel cycle costs with HEU and LEU fuels for the IAEA generic 10 MW reactor are updated to reflect the change in DOE pricing policy for enrichment services as of October 1985 and the published charges for LEU reprocessing services as of February 1986. The net effects are essentially no change in HEU fuel cycle costs and a reduction of about 8 to 10% in the fuel cycle costs for LEU silicide fuel.

The effect of fabrication variables on the irradiation behavior of uranium silicide-aluminum dispersion fuel plates is examined. The presence of minor amounts of metallic uranium-silicon was found to have no detrimental effect, so that extensive annealing to remove this phase appears unnecessary. Uniform fuel dispersant loading, low temperature during plate rolling, and cold-worked metallurgical condition of the fuel plates all result in a higher burnup threshold for breakaway swelling in highly-loaded U/sub 3/Si fueled plates.

A model for the W(001) surface reconstruction phase transition is studied to elucidate the dependence of transition temperature on interaction range and other model parameters. For the parameter set chosen extending the range of the interaction without changing the total reconstruction energy increases the model transition temperature somewhat. This reduces a previously reported discrepancy between the experimental transition temperature and that consistent with the calculated reconstruction energy, but only marginally. 12 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

The alloys Nb-1Zr and PWC-11 (Nb-1Zr-0.1C) were selected as prime candidate alloys for the SP-100 reactor. Since the mechanical properties of niobium alloys irradiated to end-of-life exposure levels of about 2 x 10SW neutrons/mS (E > 0.1 MeV) at temperatures above 1300 K were not available, an irradiation experiment (B-350) in EBR-II was conducted. Irradiation creep, impact properties, bending fatigue, and tensile properties were investigated; however, only tensile properties will be reported in this paper. The tensile properties were studied since they easily reveal the common irradiation phenomena of hardening and embrittlement. Most attention was directed to testing at the irradiation temperature. Further testing was conducted at lower temperatures in order to scope the behavior of the alloys in cooldown conditions.

Atomic data for the electron-impact ionization of ions in the Fe isonuclear sequence is reviewed. The best available data are identified. Comments are made on current research activities leading to future data for Fe ions. 23 refs., 29 figs., 12 tabs.

The growth of epitaxial films of cerium (Ce)/vanadium (V)/on single crystal sapphires (..cap alpha..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) was studied by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction and x-ray scattering. For the first time Ce(111) single crystal films was grown on V(110)/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/(1120) in the Frank-van der Merwe mode. A new epitaxial orientation, different from the well known Nishiyama-Wasserman or Kurdjumov-Sachs orientations is found in the present study. Subsequent V(110) layers grow epitaxially with three equivalent domains.

Since October 1984, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has operated a pilot-scale radioactive liquid-fed ceramic melter (RLFCM) vitrification process in shielded manipulator hot cells. This vitrification facility is being operated for the Department of Energy (DOE) to remotely test vitrification equipment components in a radioactive environment and to develop design and operation data that can be applied to production-scale projects. This paper summarizes equipment and process experience obtained from the operations of equipment systems for waste feeding, waste vitrification, canister filling, canister handling, and vitrification off-gas treatment.

The reasons for including variance-covariance information in evaluated nuclear data files are reviewed. Accomplihments and obstacles in meeting these needs are identified. The capability to develop and utilize evaluated cross-section covariance files has been largely demonstrated, but comprehensive files of soundly based covariance data remain to be evaluated and not all types of cross-section data have yet been included. The status of the ENDF-VI covariance formats is discussed. Priorities are suggested for further development. Most effort should be concentrated to fully develop the capability to estimate the nuclear data uncertainties in quantities calculated for a broad energy spectrum. 12 refs.

Recent theoretical and experimental studies of radiation-induced segregation in alloys under irradiation with focused charged-particle beams have shown that point-defect currents generated by axial and radial displacement-rate gradients can cause significant redistribution of the alloying elements within the irradiated zone. In the case of irradiation of thin films with highly-focused electron beams, two important features have been established experimentally: (1) the diameter of the local region in which the alloy composition and phase are modified is practically equal to the beam diameter, and (2) the time required to produce a given change in the alloy composition in the center of the irradiated zone decreases rapidly with beam diameter. Our theoretical modeling indicates that these features will also be observed in semi-infinite alloys bombarded with focused proton beams. However, in this case, the spatially-nonuniform defect production in both the axial and radial directions renders the compositional redistribution more complex. The present work shows that the ability to locally modify the alloy composition by focused electron or proton beams may offer a new method for producing local regions of controlled composition and microstructure on a submicron scale. The results of our model calculations and experimental studies will be presented to demonstrate the …

A range of issues pertaining to heavy flavors at the SSC is examined including heavy flavor production by gluon-gluon fusion and by shower evolution of gluon jets, flavor tagging, reconstruction of Higgs and W bosons, and the study of rare decays and CP violation in the B meson system. A specific detector for doing heavy flavor physics and tuned to this latter study at the SSC, the TASTER, is described. 36 refs., 10 figs.

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HISTRAP, Heavy Ion Storage Ring for Atomic Physics, is a proposed 46.8-m-circumference synchrotron-cooling-storage ring optimized to accelerate, decelerate, and store beams of highly charged very-heavy ions at energies appropriate for advanced atomic physics research. The ring is designed to allow studies of electron-ion, photon-ion, ion-atom, and ion-ion interactions. An electron cooling system will provide ion beams with small angular divergence and energy spread for precision spectroscopic studies and also is necessary to allow the deceleration of heavy ions to low energies. HISTRAP will have a maximum bending power of 2.0 Tm and will be injected with ions from either the existing Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility 25-MV tandem accelerator or from a dedicated ECR source and 250 keV/nucleon RFQ linac.

The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is in the process of building a new particle collider, the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). The tunnel which houses the SLC is about 3 km long and contains approximately 1000 magnets. Besides a very precise absolute positioning of these magnets, the alignment of adjacent magnet ends is of particular importance to the success of the whole project. Because of this and the limited time frame, a survey method which was not only reliable and self-checking but also fast had to be developed. Therefore, the concept of MAS (Magnet Alignment System) was developed. This system utilizes the on-line data collection and the rigorous least-squares bundle adjustment of the KERN ECDS-PC system to fulfill these requirements. The ECDS software is embedded in a project tailored software system with modules which take care of: fixture and magnet calibration corrections, the calculation of ideal coordinates and their comparison to measured coordinates, the translation of detected misalignments into the coordinate system of the mechanical adjustments and the control of the adjustments with on-line electronic dial-gauges. This paper gives a brief introduction to the SLC project and some of the survey problems which are unique to this machine. The basic …

Experimental progress to date has strengthened our belief in the soundness and attractiveness of the heavy ion method for fusion. What surprises that have shown up in the laboratory (e.g., in SBTE) have all been of the pleasant kind so far. The systems assessment has supported the view that the heavy ion approach can lead to economically attractive electric power and that a wide variety of options exists in all parameters. The systems work has also been of great help in pointing the way for the research and development activities.