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350 MW(t) design fuel cycle selection. Revision 1
This document discusses the results of this evaluation and a recommendation to retain the graded fuel cycle in which one-half of the fuel elements are exchanged at each refueling. This recommendation is based on the better performance of the graded cycle relative to the evaluation criteria of both economics and control margin. A choice to retain the graded cycle and a power density of 5.9 MW/m{sup 3} for the upcoming conceptual design phase was deemed prudent for the following reasons: the graded cycle has significantly better economics, and essentially the same expected availability factor as the batch design, when both are evaluated against the same requirements, including water ingress; and the reduction in maximum fuel pin power peaking in the batch design compared to the graded cycle is only a few percent and gas hot streaks are not improved by changing to a batch cycle. The preliminary 2-D power distribution studies for both designs showed that maximum fuel pin power peaking, particularly near the inner reflector, was high for both designs and nearly the same in magnitude. 10 figs., 9 tabs.
Date:
January 1986
Creator:
Lane, R. K.; Lefler, W. & Shirley, G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic damping for explicit calculations of fluid flow at low Mach number
A method is proposed for damping the sound waves in explicit calculations of fluid flow at low Mach number, where sound waves are usually not of interest but may distract attention from other flow features. The method is based on the introduction of an artificial pressure q of the form q = - q/sub 0/rhoc/sup 2/..delta..t(del x u - del x u/sub 0/), where q/sub 0/ is a coefficient of order unity, rho is the density, c is the sound speed, ..delta..t is the time step, and u/sub 0/ is the velocity field that would obtain at zero Mach number. When del x u/sub 0/ is zero, the method becomes equivalent to the use of an artificial bulk viscosity q/sub 0/rhoc/sup 2/..delta..t. However, del x u/sub 0/ can be substantially different from zero in problems with heat or mass sources (e.g., combustion), and its inclusion is then essential to obtain the correct pressure field. The method is well suited for use in conjunction with explicit numerical schemes that employ acoustic subcycling or artificial reduction of the sound speed for improved efficiency at low Mach number. The beneficial effects of the method are illustrated by means of calculations with an acoustic …
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Ramshaw, J. D.; O'Rourke, P. J. & Amsden, A. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active layer hydrology for Imnavait Creek, Toolik, Alaska
In the annual hydrologic cycle, snowmelt is the most significant event at Imnavait Creek located near Toolik Lake, Alaska. Precipitation that has accumulated for more than 6 months on the surface melts in a relatively short period of 7 to 10 days once sustained melting occurs. During the ablation period, runoff dominates the hydrologic cycle. Some meltwater goes to rewetting the organic soils in the active layer. The remainder is lost primarily because of evaporation, since transpiration is not a very active process at this time. Following the snowmelt period, evapotranspiration becomes the dominate process, with base flow contributing the other watershed losses. It is important to note that the water initally lost by evapotranspiration entered the organic layer during melt. This water from the snowpack ensures that each year the various plant communities will have sufficient water to start a new summer of growth.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Kane, D.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Activities and Operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility. January 1985 - July 1986
This report discusses research activities and operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility (ACRF) at Argonne National Laboratory from January 1985 through June 1986. During this period, the Mathematics and Computer Science Division (MCS) at Argonne received incremental funding from the Applied Mathematical Sciences program of the DOE Office of Energy Research to operate computers with innovative designs that promise to be useful for advanced scientific research. Over a five-month period, four new commercial multiprocessors (an Encore Multimax, a Sequent Balance 21000, an Aliant FX/8, and an Intel iPSC/d5) were installed in the ACRF, creating a new wave of research projects concerning computer systems with parallel and vector architectures. A list of projects, publications, and users supported by the ACRF is included.
Date:
1986
Creator:
Mihaly, Tina & Pieper, Gail W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Activities and Operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility : July - October 1986
Research activities and operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility (ACRF) at Argonne National Laboratory are discussed for the period from July 1986 through October 1986. The facility is currently supported by the Department of Energy, and is operated by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne. Over the past four-month period, a new commercial multiprocessor, the Intel iPSC-VX/d4 hypercube was installed. In addition, four other commercial multiprocessors continue to be available for research - an Encore Multimax, a Sequent Balance 21000, an Alliant FX/8, and an Intel iPSC/d5 - as well as a locally designed multiprocessor, the Lemur. These machines are being actively used by scientists at Argonne and throughout the nation in a wide variety of projects concerning computer systems with parallel and vector architectures.
Date:
1986
Creator:
Pieper, Gail W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Los Alamos free molecular and atomic tritium beta decay experiment
An initial measurement of the tritium beta spectrum spanning an energy range of 16.4 - 18.9 keV has been performed using a free molecular tritium gas source. With the data from this preliminary low statistics measurement (approx.72 hours of data), we are able to set an upper limit on the electron-antineutrino mass of 36 eV at the 95% confidence level. Measurements with a gaseous source eliminate many of the ambiguities arising from uncertainties associated with solid-source-based measurements. The ultimate neutrino mass sensitivity of our system should be about 10 eV or less. 13 refs., 9 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Wilkerson, J. F.; Bowles, T. J.; Knapp, D. A.; Maley, M. P. & Robertson, J. F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Los Alamos science, Number 14
Nine authored articles are included covering: natural heat engine, photoconductivity, the Caribbean Basin, energy in Central America, peat, geothermal energy, and the MANIAC computer. Separate abstracts were prepared for the articles. (DLC)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of nuclear power plant construction costs
The objective of this report is to present the results of a statistical analysis of nuclear power plant construction costs and lead-times (where lead-time is defined as the duration of the construction period), using a sample of units that entered construction during the 1966-1977 period. For more than a decade, analysts have been attempting to understand the reasons for the divergence between predicted and actual construction costs and lead-times. More importantly, it is rapidly being recognized that the future of the nuclear power industry rests precariously on an improvement in the cost and lead-time situation. Thus, it is important to study the historical information on completed plants, not only to understand what has occurred to also to improve the ability to evaluate the economics of future plants. This requires an examination of the factors that have affected both the realized costs and lead-times and the expectations about these factors that have been formed during the construction process. 5 figs., 22 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of temperature-time data from 3 m drillholes at Crystal Hot Springs, Utah
A method for determining the background geothermal gradient values through the analysis of temperature measurements at multiple depths to 3 m and recorded over a time span of several days is presented. The analysis is based on the amplitude decay and phase shift of temperature waves with depth. Diurnal and other high frequency temperature variations are used to compute thermal diffusivities which in turn are used to model and remove the effect of the annual temperature wave. The analysis considers both a homogeneous half space and a two layer medium consisting of an overburden of finite thickness overlying a semi-infinite substratum. The method was tested in three holes in the Crystal Hot Springs geothermal field. Temperatures in each hole were recorded once a minute over a period of three days with a probe containing thermistors at eight different depths. Five of the thermistors were positioned at shallow depths (less than or equal to 0.5 m) to monitor diurnal and other high frequency waves and three at greater depths (greater than or equal to 1 m) to measure lower frequency variations. Since measurements were recorded at only three sites, the accuracy and reliability of the method is not fully evaluated. Potential …
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Howell, Jack & Chapman, David S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annotated geothermal bibliography of Utah
The bibliography includes all the Utah geothermal references through 1984. Some 1985 citations are listed. Geological, geophysical, and tectonic maps and reports are included if they cover a high-temperature thermal area. The references are indexed geographically either under (1) United States (national studies), (2) regional - western United States or physiographic province, (3) Utah - statewide and regional, or (4) county. Reports concerning a particular hot spring or thermal area are listed under both the thermal area and the county names.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Budding, K. E. & Bugden, M. H. (comps.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AntiMatter Physics at Low Energy (AMPLE)
The First Workshop on Antimatter Physics at Low Energy was held at FNAL last spring, April 10-12, 1986, with the stated purpose of gauging the interest in the physics that would be made possible by adding a variable energy pbar storage and cooling ring to the existing Accumulator at FNAL. The Workshop Proceedings are now published and include a concise collection of papers addressing the physics with pbars below 10 GeV/c that could be made available from the present antiproton source at FNAL. It is worth emphasizing that this is a possible without major impact on the primary mission of the laboratory. Such a facility would include provisions for extracted cooled pbar beams as well as future internal targer and colliding beam experiments. Specific experimental proposals would be facilitated by the existence of a reference design for such a facility. A central effort to produce such a reference design would be the logical next step. they are requesting the opportunity to present to this committee an overview of the physics arguments for such a facility; what we would require from the committee is 'strong encouragement' to proceed with such a reference design leading to a formal proposal. The aid of …
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Bonner, B. E. & Pinsky, L. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of program POISSON to axially-symmetric problems - magnetostatic and electrostatic - with use of a prolate spheroidal boundary
A version of the relaxation program POISSON has been produced that, for magnetostatic problems, can apply a boundary condition consistent with no external sources being present. This capability includes the treatment of axially-symmetric cases (using A* = rhoA as the working variable) with a boundary whose form is that of a prolate spheroid (and hence tends toward spherical in the limit eta = a/..sqrt..a/sup 2/ - b/sup 2/ ..-->.. infinity). (LBL-18798/UC-28 (December 1984)). The treatment of electrostatic problems (to obtain solutions for the scalar potential V) necessarily must differ in detail from the treatment of magnetostatic problems in cases of axial symmetry. It seems desirable, therefore, first to review the magnetostatic treatment that has been adopted for such axially-symmetric magnetostatic problems and then to suggest an analogous treatment that might similarly be introduced into the program to permit solution of similar electrostatic problems (again through the introduction of a prolate spheroidal boundary).
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Caspi, S.; Helm, M. & Laslett, L.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of Long Valley as a Site for Drilling to the Magmatic Environment
Recent earthquakes, ground uplift, and increased hydrothermal activity are only the most recent examples of intense tectonic and volcanic activity that has occurred at Long Valley caldera, CA, over the last 3 million years. A large number of geophysical experiments conducted by several hundred investigators over the past few years clearly indicates that a major body of magma exists within the central part of the caldera at drillable depths on the order of 5 km. Plans are underway to drill toward and eventually into this magma body. 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Rundle, John B.; Carrigan, Charles R.; Hardee, Harry C. & Luth, William C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ba(OH)/sub 2/. 8H/sub 2/O process for the removal and immobilization of carbon-14. Final report
The airborne release of /sup 14/C from various nuclear facilities has been identified as a potential biohazard due to the long half-life of /sup 14/C (5730 years) and the ease with which it may be assimilated into the biosphere. At ORNL, technology has been developed for the removal and immobilization of this radionuclide. Prior studies have indicated that /sup 14/C will likely exist in the oxidized form as CO/sub 2/ and will contribute slightly to the bulk CO/sub 2/ concentration of the gas stream, which is air-like in nature (approx.300 ppM/sub v/ CO/sub 2/). The technology that has been developed utilizes the CO/sub 2/-Ba(OH)/sub 2/.8H/sub 2/O gas-solid reaction with the mode of gas-solid contacting being a fixed bed. The product, BaCO/sub 3/, possesses excellent thermal and chemical stability, prerequisites for the long-term disposal of nuclear wastes. For optimal process operation, studies have indicated that an operating window of adequate size does exist. When operating within the window, high CO/sub 2/ removal efficiency (effluent concentrations <100 ppB/sub v/), high reactant utilization (>99%), and an acceptable pressure drop across the bed (3 kPa/m at a superficial velocity of 13 cm/s) are possible. Three areas of experimental investigation are reported: (1) microscale studies …
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Haag, G.L.; Holladay, D.W.; Pitt, W.W. Jr. & Young, G.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Benchmark of the Convex C-1 mini supercomputer
In July 1985, we benchmarked the Convex C-1 computer at the Convex plant in Richardson, Texas. The machine is marketed as a mini-supercomputer executing a UNIX operating system. The architecture includes vector functional units, 16-million 64-bit words of physical memory and 64 kbytes of set-associative cache between main memory and the CPU. The standard one-processor Los Alamos benchmarks were executed and timed in both single-precision (32-bit) and double-precision (64-bit) floating-point mode. Subsequent to the July benchmark, the machine architecture was changed to expand the cache bypass for vector memory accesses. The benchmarks were redone in October 1985 to include the significant architecture modification. The results in this paper are from the latest benchmark.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Simmons, M.L. & Lubeck, OlM.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Benchmarking the IBM 3090 with Vector Facility
The IBM 3090 with Vector Facility is an extremely interesting machine because it combines very good scaler performance with enhanced vector and multitasking performance. For many IBM installations with a large scientific workload, the 3090/vector/MTF combination may be an ideal means of increasing throughput at minimum cost. However, neither the vector nor multitasking capabilities are sufficiently developed to make the 3090 competitive with our current worker machines for our large-scale scientific codes.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Brickner, Ralph G.; Wasserman, Harvey J.; Hayes, Ann H. & Moore, James W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
BEVALAC operation's update
Information is given on the operation and improvement of the BEVALAC, and about some of the supporting facilities, such as the electronics pool and a living/working facility at the accelerator. The status is given of an upgraded local injector, five individual beam lines, and the Plastic Ball Detector. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biology Division progress report, October 1, 1984-September 30, 1985
The body of this report provides summaries of the aims, scope and progress of the research by groups of investigators in the Division during the period of October 1, 1984, through September 30, 1985. At the end of each summary is a list of publications covering the same period. For convenience, the summaries are assembled under Sections in accordance with the current organizational structure of the Biology Division; each Section begins with an overview. It will be apparent, however, tha crosscurrents run throughout the Division and that the various programs support and interact with each other. In addition, this report includes information on the Division's educational activities, Advisory Committee, seminar program, and international interactions, as well as extramural activities of staff members, abstracts for technical meetings, and funding and personnel levels.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biomass thermochemical conversion program. 1985 annual report
Wood and crop residues constitute a vast majority of the biomass feedstocks available for conversion, and thermochemical processes are well suited for conversion of these materials. The US Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring research on this conversion technology for renewable energy through its Biomass Thermochemical Conversion Program. The Program is part of DOE's Biofuels and Municipal Waste Technology Division, Office of Renewable Technologies. This report briefly describes the Thermochemical Conversion Program structure and summarizes the activities and major accomplishments during fiscal year 1985. 32 figs., 4 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Schiefelbein, G. F.; Stevens, D. J. & Gerber, M. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brookhaven National Laboratory technology transfer report, fiscal year 1986
An increase in the activities of the Office of Research and Technology Applications (ORTA) is reported. Most of the additional effort has been directed to the regional electric utility initiative, but intensive efforts have been applied to the commercialization of a compact synchrotron storage ring for x-ray lithography applications. At least six laboratory technologies are reported as having been transferred or being in the process of transfer. Laboratory accelerator technology is being applied to study radiation effects, and reactor technology is being applied for designing space reactors. Technologies being transferred and emerging technologies are described. The role of the ORTA and the technology transfer process are briefly described, and application assessment records are given for a number of technologies. A mini-incubator facility is also described. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Building system integration research: recommendations for a US Department of Energy multiyear program plan
This plan describes the scope, technical content, and resources required to conduct the Building System Integration (BSI) research program during FY 1987 through 1991. System integration research is defined, the need for the research is discussed, its benefits are outlined, and the history of building system integration research is summarized. The program scope, the general approach taken in developing this program plan, and the plan's contents are also described.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculated neutron KERMA factors based on the LLNL ENDL data file. Volume 27
Neutron KERMA factors calculated from the LLNL ENDL data file are tabulated for 15 composite materials and for the isotopes or elements in the ENDL file from Z = 1 to Z = 29. The incident neutron energies range from 1.882 x 10/sup -5/ to 20. MeV for the composite materials and from 1.30 x 10/sup -9/ to 20. MeV for the isotopes and elements.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Howerton, Robert J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculation of Hugoniot values from atomic properties
A relatively simple equation is presented for use in calculating the Hugoniot values of any condensed element from its atomic weight, atomic radius, and density. Calculations from the equation are compared with data for many elements, and a discussion of the development and utility of the equation is included. The equation also appears to be useful for the gaseous elements when they are in condensed phases. 19 refs., 12 figs., 9 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Walker, F. E.; Walker, F. G. & Walker, J. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characteristics of high temperature cementitious lost-circulation control materials for geothermal wells
Materials systems have been formulated for the in situ conversion of water-based bentonite drilling fluids into cementitious lost-circulation control materials (CLCM) for use in geothermal wells at temperatures up to 300/sup 0/C. The formulations consist of a cement hardener, a borax admixture, and a fiber glass bridging material which are added to the bentonite fluids. Evaluations of the properties of the slurry and the cured CLCMS revealed that the ions supplied by dissociation of the borax in the CLCM slurry acted to suppress the bentonite hydration and retarded the hardening rate of the cement at elevated temperatures. The CaO-SiO/sub 2/-H/sub 2/O (C-S-H) phases formed during curing of the CLCM play essential roles in improving the quality of the hardened CLCMs. It was observed that xonotlite-truscottite transformation resulted in strength reductions and increased water permeability. The plugging ability of fiber glass depends on the conentration and fiber size. The silicate ions dissolved by hot alkaline disintegration of the fiber glass were chemisorbed with Ca/sup 2 +/ ions from the cement and led to the precipitation of C-S-H compounds on the fiber surfaces, which improved bond strength at the matrix-fiber interfaces.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Sugama, T.; Kukacka, L. E.; Galen, B. G. & Milestone, N. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library