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Calculation of heating caused by the deposition of x-rays in thin film optical elements is complicated because the mean free path of photo and autoionization electrons is comparable to the thin film thickness and thus the electron deposition cannot be considered local. This paper describes the modeling in a 1-D code of: (a) x-ray deposition and transport; (b) electron production, deposition and transport; and (c) thermal conduction and transport. X-ray transport is handled by multigroup discrete ordinates, electron transport is done by the method of characteristics, applied to the two term spherical harmonics expansion approximation (P1) to the Spencer-Lewis transport equation, and thermal transport is computed by a simple Richardson extrapolation of a backward Euler solution to the heat conduction equations. Results of a few test cases are presented. 8 refs., 26 figs., 2 tabs.

Progress is reviewed in setting mass limits for supersymmetric particles. Since missing energy is a prime signal for supersymmetry, we have calculated several sources of ''fake'' missing energy in ordinary events. The techniques for finding squark-squark and gluino-gluino production are examined and constrasted for ..sqrt..s = 0.63, 2, and 40 TeV; methods of reducing backgrounds are described. The branching ratios of scalar quarks to the lightest supersymmetric particle are calculated with full gaugino mixing. We have considered signals and backgrounds involving hard photons from photino decay and other sources. The process H ..-->.. H ..-->.. Higgsino/sup 0/ zino/sup 0/ with H ..-->.. Higgsino/sup 0/ ..-->.. gamma photino and zino/sup 0/ ..-->.. ee photino was examined in detail and found to have few backgrounds, and to provide a means of detecting a heavy Higgs particle. The direct production of charginos and neutralinos was calculated. Gluinos are considered as constituents of the proton.

The continuing requests for both shaped and flat, very low areal density metal foils have led to the development of metallurgical quality, high strength products. Intent of this paper is to show methods of forming structures on various substrates using periodic vapor interruptions, alternating anodes, and mechanical peening to alter otherwise unacceptable grain morphology which both lowers tensile strength and causes high stresses in thin films. The three technologies, physical vapor deposition, electrochemistry, and chemical vapor deposition and their thin film products can benefit from the use of laminate technology and control of grain structure morphology through the use of materials research and technology.

The research effort reported concentrated primarily on three major activities. The first was aimed at improvements in the accelerator drive system of an induction linac to meet the high repetition rate requirements of SDI applications. The second activity centered on a redesign of the accelerator cells to eliminate the beam breakup instabilities, resulting in optimized beam transport. The third activity sought to improve the source of electrons to achieve a higher quality beam to satisfy the requirement of the free electron laser. (LEW)

We present a solid state accelerator concept utilizing particle acceleration along crystal channels by longitudinal electron plasma waves in a metal. Acceleration gradients of order 100 GV/cm are theoretically possible, but channeling radiation limits the maximum attainable energy to 10/sup 5/ TeV for protons. Beam dechanneling due to multiple scattering is substantially reduced by the high acceleration gradient. Plasma wave dissipation and generation in metals are also discussed.

New results on various controversial light mesons are reviewed, including the glueball candidates f/sub 2/(1720) and eta(1460), the 1/sup + +/-0/sup - +/ mass ''coincidences'' f/sub 1/(1285)-eta(1275) and f/sub 1/(1420)-eta(1420), as well as evidence for the X(3100)..--> lambda..anti p+n..pi.. and the rho(1480)..-->..phi ..pi.., which have quantum numbers not allowed for q anti q. The ..gamma gamma -->..VV effects move out of the threshold region with data on ..gamma gamma --> omega..rho. Statistically weak data on GAMMA/sub ..gamma gamma../eta/sub c/ and the search for heavy quark P/sub 1/ states are presented. GAMMA/sub ee/, B/sub ..mu mu../, and GAMMA/sub tot/ for the UPSILON(1S), UPSILON(2S), and UPSILON(3S) are updated using new data and a consistent treatment of the radiative corrections for GAMMA/sub ee/. New data on the mass splittings of the chi/sub b/(2P) compare favorably with the scalar confinement model, which may however have new trouble. 150 refs., 43 figs.

The development of the Fermilab accelerator complex during the past two decades from its concept as the ''200 BeV accelerator'' to that of the present tevatron, designed to operate at energies as high as 1 TeV, has required a coincidental refinement and development in methods of shielding design. In this paper I describe these methods as used by the radiation protection staff of Fermilab. This description will review experimental measurements which substantiate these techniques in realistic situations. Along the way, observations will be stated which likely are applicable to other protron accelerators in the multi-hundred GeV energy region, including larger ones yet to be constructed.

High energy accelerators quite often emit muons. These particles behave in matter as would heavy electrons and are thus difficult to attenuate with shielding in many situations. Hence, these muons can be a source of radiation exposure to personnel and suitable methods of measuring the absorbed dose received to these people is obviously required. In practical situations, such muon radiation fields are often mixed with neutrons, well-known to be an even more troublesome particle species with respect to dosimetry. In this paper, we report on fluence measurements made in such a mixed radiation field and a comparison of dosimeter responses. We conclude that commercial self-reading dosimeters and film badges provided an adequate measure of the absorbed dose due to muons.

A range of issues pertaining to heavy flavors at the SSC is examined including heavy flavor production by gluon-gluon fusion and by shower evolution of gluon jets, flavor tagging, reconstruction of Higgs and W bosons, and the study of rare decays and CP violation in the B meson system. A specific detector for doing heavy flavor physics and tuned to this latter study at the SSC, the TASTER, is described. 36 refs., 10 figs.

During the past few years, the use of computers in radiation safety systems has become more widespread. This is not surprising given the ubiquitous nature of computers in the modern technological world. But is a computer a good choice for the central logic element of a personnel safety system. Recent accidents at computer controlled medical accelerators would indicate that extreme care must be exercised if malfunctions are to be avoided. The Department of Energy has recently established a sub-committee to formulate recommendations on the use of computers in safety systems for accelerators. This paper will review the status of the committee's recommendations, and describe radiation protection interlock systems as applied to both accelerators and to irradiation facilities. Comparisons are made between the conventional relay approach and designs using computers. 6 refs., 6 figs.

After a brief enumeration of the advantages of electron-positron collisions to study elementary particle physics, the present and future of electron-positron facilities are briefly reviewed, and the perspectives for future physics with electron-positron collisions are discussed. 20 refs., 10 figs. (LEW)

It has long been known that carbon steel exposed to some geothermal brines is aggressively attacked, and large corrosion allowances must be made in the design of piping used in such environments. In addition, scaling of the pipes reduces the flow through within a short period of time. Several high temperature polymer concretes have been developed which can be used as non-corrosive liner materials. In addition, polymer concretes with high thermal conductivities have been developed which may be used as heat exchanger tubes for geothermal brines. Studies have indicated that polymer concretes will not scale as rapidly as carbon steel does, thus making them attractive alternatives for heat exchanger tubes. Thin walled, thermally conductive polymer concrete tubes have been made that can withstand pressures >4.1 MPa at 150/sup 0/C without leaking. Continuing studies are being made to characterize these materials and evaluate them for heat exchanger applications.

The subject of Z/sup 0/-toponium interference is briefly reviewed. The qualitative features of the Z/sup 0/ mixing with one t anti t state are discussed. Effects of mixing with the full t anti t spectrum, of the smearing due to beam spread, and of different potentials, are then shown.

GEONET is a database system developed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center for the alignment of the Stanford Linear Collider. It features an automated data flow, ranging from data collection using HP110 handheld computers to processing, storing and retrieving data and finally to adjusted coordinates. This paper gives a brief introduction to the SLC project and the applied survey methods. It emphasizes the hardware and software implementation of GEONET using a network of IBM PC/XT's. 14 refs., 4 figs.

The ultralow background Ge spectrometer developed by the USC/PNL group is used as a detector of cold dark matter candidates from the halo of our galaxy and of solar axions (and other light bosons), yielding interesting bounds. Some of them are: heavy standard Dirac neutrinos with mass 20 GeV less than or equal to m less than or equal to 1 TeV are excluded as main components of the halo of our galaxy; Dine-Fischler-Srednicki axion models with F/2x/sub e/' less than or equal to 0.5 x 10/sup 7/ GeV are excluded. 22 refs., 7 figs.

Several developments affecting the possibility of Higgs detection are discussed. These include the level of certainty about the t quark mass, Monte Carlo programs to generate both signal and background events, and separation and/or enhancement of heavy quark jets from jets due to light quarks or gluons, and the possibility that the neutral Higgs decay into bottom quarks might be the decay mode of choice for detecting the intermediate mass Higgs. Possible means of detection of an intermediate mass Higgs at the SSC, particularly if a prominent decay mode is to bottom quarks, are examined, using the PYTHIA Monte Carlo program to generate both signal and background events. For the signal, events were generated in which Higgs bosons are created in proton-proton collisions, with the Higgs decaying into bottom quarks. The presence of W or Z bosons, created in the same proton-proton collision, is used to enhance the likelihood of Higgs production and to reduce the potentially enormous background. It is found that the Higgs decay to bottom quarks, if important, would be more favorable for detection of the Higgs than decay to top quarks was found to be because of the smaller background. 3 refs., 4 figs. (LEW)

Some examples are given of where current research in seismic and electromagnetic imaging may eventually lead to practical technologies for exploration. These are technologies that will provide a relatively high resolution, 2-D and 3-D parameterized picture of the earth to depths of two to three km. Parameters discussed include P- and S-wave velocities and electrical resistivity.

The alloys Nb-1Zr and PWC-11 (Nb-1Zr-0.1C) were selected as prime candidate alloys for the SP-100 reactor. Since the mechanical properties of niobium alloys irradiated to end-of-life exposure levels of about 2 x 10SW neutrons/mS (E > 0.1 MeV) at temperatures above 1300 K were not available, an irradiation experiment (B-350) in EBR-II was conducted. Irradiation creep, impact properties, bending fatigue, and tensile properties were investigated; however, only tensile properties will be reported in this paper. The tensile properties were studied since they easily reveal the common irradiation phenomena of hardening and embrittlement. Most attention was directed to testing at the irradiation temperature. Further testing was conducted at lower temperatures in order to scope the behavior of the alloys in cooldown conditions.

An organized and structured safety program for x-ray generating devices was initiated in October, 1979. An X-ray Device Control Office was established to manage the program that currently oversees the activities of 201 x-ray generating devices and to provide SOP reviews, perform shielding calculations, and provide training for both the operators and health physics x-ray device surveyors. The new program also establishes controls for procurement of new equipment, requires the writing of Standard Operating Procedures, requires training for operators and provides routine and non-routine safety inspections of x-ray generating devices. Prior to this program going into effect, the Laboratory had recorded nine documented x-ray related exposure accidents. Since then, there have been none. Program elements and experiences of interest to other x-ray device users are discussed. 3 refs.

Synchrotron radiation, when used for x-ray fluorescence (XRF) has several advantages over conventional x-ray sources. Our group at Brookhaven National Laboratory is developing the equipment and expertise to make XRF measurements with synchrotron radiation. The apparatus is briefly described, along with the alignment techniques. Some minimum detectable limits for trace elements in thin biological standards measured with white light irradiations are presented.

The visual solar oblateness work and the solar seismological work on the internal rotation of the sun are reviewed and their implications concerning the static gravitational multipole moments of the sun are discussed. The results of this work are quite deviant which is indicative of the complexity encountered and of the necessity for continued studies based on a diverse set of observing techniques. The evidence for phase-locked internal gravity modes of the sun is reviewed and the implications for the solar neutrino paradox are discussed. The rather unique possibility for testing the relevance which the phase-locked gravity modes have to this paradox is also noted. The oscillating perturbations in the sun's gravitational field produced by the classified internal gravity modes and the phase-locked modes are inferred from the observed temperature eigenfunctions. Strains of the order of 10/sup -18/ in gravitational radiation detectors based on free masses are inferred for frequencies near 100 ..mu..Hz. The relevance of these findings is discussed in terms of a new technique for use in solar seismological studies and of producing background signals in studies of low-frequency gravitational radiation. 64 refs., 2 figs.

The effect of fabrication variables on the irradiation behavior of uranium silicide-aluminum dispersion fuel plates is examined. The presence of minor amounts of metallic uranium-silicon was found to have no detrimental effect, so that extensive annealing to remove this phase appears unnecessary. Uniform fuel dispersant loading, low temperature during plate rolling, and cold-worked metallurgical condition of the fuel plates all result in a higher burnup threshold for breakaway swelling in highly-loaded U/sub 3/Si fueled plates.

Some examples of nuclear data in which the uncertainty has been underestimated, or at least appears to be underestimated, are reviewed. The subjective aspect of the problem of systematic uncertainties is discussed. Historical aspects of the data uncertainty problem are noted. 64 refs., 6 tabs.